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Wednesday, March 22, 2023
மதமும் உண்மையும்-ஜிஜெக்கின் விளக்கம்
Thursday, March 16, 2023
Biorefineries
Biorefinery can be defined as a framework or a structure in which biomass is utilized optimally to produce multiple products and tries to be self-sustaining and not harmful to the environment.
A biorefinery is a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, and value-added chemicals from biomass. Biorefinery is analogous to today’s petroleum refinery, which has multiple fuels and products from petroleum. By producing several products, a biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates, maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock.
Global issues such as environmental problems and food security are currently of concern to all of us. Circular economy is a promising approach towards resolving these global issues. The production of bioenergy and biomaterials can sustain the energy–environment nexus as well as substitute the devoid of petroleum as the production feedstock, thereby contributing to a cleaner and low-carbon environment. In addition, the assimilation of waste into bioprocesses for the production of valuable products and metabolites leads towards a sustainable circular bioeconomy.
Wednesday, March 15, 2023
பாலியல் உறவுகளும் மீகற்பனையும்(fantasy)-ஜிஜெக்கின்(Slavoj Zizek) விளக்கம்
தற்காலத்தின் மிக முக்கியமான மார்க்ஸியச் சிந்தனையாளர்,
சமூக-அரசியல் விமர்சகர்.
Thanks ;Mubeen Sadhika
Sunday, March 12, 2023
Philosophy of Absurdism by Albert Camus
According to many, the most fundamental philosophical question is what existence means. This is a question that Albert Camus explored in his novels, plays, and essays. His view of life was called absurdism, which held that life had no inherent meaning and that the search for meaning was ultimately futile. Camus even went so far as to suggest that suicide might be the only logical response to this absurdity.
Camus dismissed religion as a source of meaning since it was based on an illusion, and even if God did exist, the amount of pain and suffering in the world made God either an imbecile or a psychopath. Finding Findingships with other people was also dismissed as absurd because everyone we know and love will eventually die, and many will suffer before they do.
Camus did not believe that embracing illusion, as Nietzsche suggested, was a solution to the problem. Instead, Camus believed we should openly acknowledge and embrace life's absurdity. He used the example of Sisyphus, who was condemned to push a boulder up a mountain only to have it roll back down, yet continued to do so for eternity.
While this may not seem like a solution to the problem, Camus believed we needed to confront the truth of life's absurdity and refuse to let it destroy us. He suggested that we "imagine Sisyphus happy," although it may not be comforting.
In conclusion, whether life is absurd is a fundamental philosophical problem, and Camus' view of absurdism suggests that life has no inherent meaning. However, his solution was to confront the truth of this absurdity and embrace it, rather than give in to despair or seek illusory solutions.'
Suicide
Camus unreservedly condemned, strictly criticized, and rejected suicide and existential leap because suicide is a total surrender to absurdity and a full confession that life is too much on the individual. His interest in existentialism is to explain the meaninglessness of life through his explication of the absurd, which is found in human existence, and which continues to torment man until the finality of his existence, which is death. The knowledge that life is absurd is already a step towards conquering the meaninglessness of life. For Camus, therefore, since the absurd has no meaning, man must hold himself apart from it and revolt against it. This is why he suggested philosophical suicide as a solution to reverse the absurdity of life. The question then is, since man believes in the absurdity of existence, then how and where should he direct his conduct? Does suicide solve this problem? The consequences of Camus’ submissions are enormous, but be that as it may, this work attempts a study of the absurdity inherent in human existence to answer the following questions: How far did Camus achieve the idea of the absurdity of life? How realistic is Camus’ attempt to analyze life as meaningless apart from the meaning we give to it? Did Camus actually succeed in his effort to show that life is absurd? Finally, what are the implications of Camus’ absurdity to philosophy and life? This work will adopt expository and analytic methodological approaches. Here we shall, with a detailed and deep reflective inquiry, expose the place of absurdity in Camus’ philosophy to fully understand his understanding of life.
Causes of Cancer You've Never Heard About
Understanding risk factors
A cancer risk factor increases a person’s chance of getting cancer. Yet most risk factors do not directly cause cancer. Some people with several risk factors never develop cancer. And others with no known risk factors do.
Knowing your risk factors and discussing them with your healthcare team is essential. It will help you make better lifestyle choices to improve your health. This information could also help your doctor decide if you need genetic testing and counselling (see below).
General risk factors for cancer include:
Older age
A personal or family history of cancer
Using tobacco
Obesity
Alcohol
Some types of viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV)
Specific chemicals
Exposure to radiation, including ultraviolet radiation from the sun
You can avoid some risk factors by stopping risky behaviours. These include using tobacco and alcohol, being overweight, and getting multiple sunburns. Other risk factors cannot be avoided, such as getting older. Learn about the risk factors for certain types of cancer.
Risk factors and cancer screening
Understanding your risk for cancer can help your doctor decide whether you could benefit from the following:
A cancer screening test, such as a mammogram or colonoscopy
A screening test at an earlier age and more often than routine screening
Surgery or medication to lower your cancer risk
For example, a woman whose mother had breast cancer is at least twice as likely to have breast cancer than a woman who does not have the same family history. Some women have strong family histories or genetic mutations linked to breast cancer. Since they are at a very high risk of breast cancer, they may remove their breasts to prevent cancer. This surgery appears to lower the risk of breast cancer by at least 95%. Also, these women may take medicine to lower the risk of breast cancer.
People with a strong family history of cancer may consider genetic testing. Your doctor or genetic counsellor can discuss getting specific genetic tests. They can tell you your risk of getting cancer based on your family history and other factors.
Understanding the difference between absolute and relative risk
Doctors use absolute and relative risk to assess if a person's risk is higher or lower than that of the general population or a specific group.
Absolute risk is the chance of a person developing a disease during a given time. This identifies how many people are at risk for disease in the general population.
For instance, consider the statement, “1 out of 8 women (12.5%) will get breast cancer in her lifetime.” This describes the absolute risk for the general population of women. It cannot identify the risk for a certain person or group. For example, absolute risk cannot show if a group of older women has a higher risk of breast cancer than younger women.
Relative risk compares the risk of disease between two groups of people. It resembles one group with a specific risk factor for a disease to another group’s threat.
For instance, imagine you are comparing the risk of breast cancer among 2 groups of 100 women. But only the women in 1 group have a particular risk factor for breast cancer. The other group of women does not have this risk factor. Researchers track how many people from each group develop cancer over time. Let’s say they find that 2 women with the same risk factor get cancer. But only 1 woman without this risk factor gets cancer. Then those in the first group have 2 times the risk of the second group. This is a 100% increase in relative risk. However, the absolute risk would be 2% or 2 out of 100 people.
Patients can use risk measurements to make better lifestyle choices or cancer screening choices. It is also important to know the difference between absolute and relative risk. For instance, the relative risk in the last example might sound high. It identified a person’s relative risk of developing cancer by 100%. But look at the absolute risk to get a more complete picture. That is, 1 person in 100 compared to 2 people in 100. If you want to compare the research you hear about in the news to your own situation, ensure you find the absolute risk. Most research studies report relative risks. This can make the risk sound higher than it actually is.
Friday, March 10, 2023
Environmental Issues That Construction Firms Must Address
For the last couple of years, it seems like barely a week has gone by without an alarming sign of climate change. There have been extreme weather events, unexpected wintry conditions in California, and the record-breaking heatwave we saw here in the United Kingdom last summer. The government has made pledges that it will take the issue seriously, but there has been a lot of scepticism from leading figures about how much that will actually amount to. Businesses and individuals must also step up and take responsibility.
When it comes to construction, there are a lot of different areas that require focus. So much of the conversation around the construction and property industries over the last couple of years has focused on other issues which, while admittedly important, do not factor in the long-term environmental concerns. For example, there was a huge amount written about the shortages in construction supplies and the shortage of skilled workers in that industry. Meanwhile, the property market ballooned during the pandemic years and has since come crashing back to earth. As we look forward to the rest of the year and the years beyond, here are the major environmental issues that construction firms must address when working.
1. Air Pollution
Air pollution has been pushed to the forefront in recent months. For example, London’s mayor Sadiq Khan has made cleaner air a considerable part of his mission. It is important to remember that during the construction process, there are a lot of opportunities for exhaust fumes and other noxious vapours to be emitted for extended periods.
Construction firms must be aware of the air pollution they are causing and look for ways to mitigate it or rule it out entirely. A simple example of how they can cut down on exhaust created is by using electric vans and other vehicles to transport materials to the work site.
2. Non-Recycled And Non-Recyclable Materials
This is an area that every business needs to focus on, regardless of sector, but it can be particularly relevant here. People looking to build their properties from scratch may insist on using entirely new materials, but there is no need for such a definitive approach. Take something as simple as a wooden deck, for example. Recycled materials are just as hardy, just as effective, and just as easy to style.
It is the contractors' responsibility to offer a range of materials to their clients and recommend using recycled materials where they can. This will massively cut down on the amount of waste that the construction industry generates. It is also important to think about using recyclable materials.
So much waste from construction projects ends up in landfills. It is vital that the industry considers this issue and tries to avoid using everything from single-use plastics to non-biodegradable materials.
3. Impact On The Local Wildlife
The local wildlife will be affected every time a construction project gets underway. There is such a massive number of different elements and species at play that the idea that a project could be completely free of this issue is a hard one to believe. However, with the right preparation, surveys and consideration, the impact can be minimal. The specifics will vary from project to project depending on the location and the type of wildlife in the area. For example, a project near water must consider everything from fish and frogs to the animals that use the space.
One of the most important species that anyone considering renovating or demolishing a building must think is bats. Bats are a protected species in the UK, and they often make their nests in roofs, lofts, and barns. They are also often found in trees, and a bat survey must be conducted to ensure you are not damaging their habitat.
The first step is to take a preliminary roost assessment. If a roost is found, you will need further surveys about the best way forward. For more information about bat surveys and other wildlife surveys, talk to the team at Arbtech. They can help you to get surveys done quickly and efficiently and advise on how your project can proceed.
4. Noise Pollution
This point may seem a little less grave than some of the others discussed already, but it is a major factor to the local people and wildlife. Sustained noise pollution can be a serious problem, so it is advised that construction companies check with the local council before they begin a project. Work must be restricted to certain times of day, or it may be that the project needs to be moved entirely.
5. Using Methods That Cause Erosion And Contamination
As unfortunate as it may be, there are still many ways that construction companies can damage the local environment through carelessness. For example, it is possible for the soil surrounding the worksite to become eroded thanks to the coming and going of heavy vehicles and heavy equipment, not to mention the ongoing disruption of the construction work itself. Soil and water contamination is also a significant risk on many projects and requires constant vigilance from the people working on the site to ensure that it is not happening.
One of the main factors contributing to these harmful scenarios is businesses not investing in newer techniques and new equipment, which are less likely to have a negative impact. Given the challenging market, it is understandable that spending a lot of money is the last thing any firm wants to commit to. However, the environmental impact of any construction project must be kept to a minimum.
Thursday, March 9, 2023
அறிவிலிருந்து உண்மைக்கும்…உண்மையிலிருந்து அறிவுக்கும்-ஜிஜெக்கின்(Slavoj Zizek) விளக்கம்..
தற்காலத்தின் மிக முக்கியமான மார்க்ஸியச் சிந்தனையாளர்,
சமூக-அரசியல் விமர்சகர்.
Mubeen Sadhika
Metformin is a Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Health span and Extends Lifespan
Recent research suggests that metformin, a medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes, may have the ability to slow down the aging process by activating cellular pathways through AMPK that promote youthful cellular functioning, making it a promising candidate for an anti-aging drug. This is particularly good news for individuals with diabetes, as high blood glucose levels not only cause insulin resistance but also accelerate the aging process. Furthermore, studies have shown that metformin has benefits beyond regulating glucose levels and treating diabetes, including protection against cancer and cardiovascular disease, neuroprotection, and weight loss by regulating AMPK-activated pathways that promote healthy metabolism.
Is it possible that a commonly used medication for diabetes could also have anti-aging benefits?
Tuesday, March 7, 2023
Do you want to be young again? (The role of alpha-ketoglutarate in ageing and longevity)
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a small molecule naturally
present in our body. During ageing, levels of AKG decline.
How alpha-ketoglutarate extends lifespan
Alpha-ketoglutarate has multiple effects on the ageing process. Firstly, it has epigenetic effects, which impact the molecular machinery surrounding DNA that determines which genes are activated or suppressed. As we age, the epigenome becomes dysregulated, which contributes to ageing. Alpha-ketoglutarate can help to regulate the epigenome by activating the TET enzyme, which requires vitamin C to function properly. Also, alpha-ketoglutarate is involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and can help cells maintain metabolic flexibility. It also improves mitochondrial health and activates AMPK, which is important for metabolic and longevity regulation.
Furthermore, alpha-ketoglutarate aids the body in detoxification by
helping to eliminate ammonia, a waste product that can accumulate in the body.
It may also provide energy and endurance by fueling the mitochondria. Alpha-ketoglutarate
is involved in maintaining stem cell health and bone and gut metabolism, and
calcium alpha-ketoglutarate can aid in collagen production and reduce fibrosis,
promoting healthy, youthful skin.
Monday, February 27, 2023
Cortisol and stress and how to end?
Are you feeling overwhelmed and fatigued? The blame might be placed on cortisol, the infamous "stress hormone".
Cortisol and stress
The basics Cortisol is one of several natural hormones the body produces. Cortisol levels do go up when you’re stressed. But it doesn’t deserve its bad rap.
“Cortisol supports overall health,” Dr. Lin says. “It helps us wake up, gives us energy during the day and lowers at night to help us sleep and rest.”
The problem arises when chronic stress keeps cortisol levels high for the long haul. High cortisol levels over weeks or months can lead to inflammation and mental and physical health problems, from anxiety to weight gain to heart disease.
While some studies suggest that certain foods, including
tea, chocolate, and fish oils, may lower cortisol levels, Dr. Lin notes that
such studies are often small and inconclusive.
Consuming anchovies on pizza or eating a block of chocolate
is unlikely to balance cortisol levels. However, good nutrition can make a
difference, as cortisol interacts with neurotransmitters that play a
significant role in mood. In addition to cortisol, other compounds can also
affect neurotransmitters. To create these neurotransmitters, the body requires
all of the necessary raw materials, including vitamins, minerals, and other
nutrients, according to Dr. Lin.
She suggests following a balanced, plant-heavy diet, such as
the Mediterranean diet, to obtain these nutrients. A healthy diet, according to
Dr. Lin, is the foundation of stress management. A balanced meal plan can also ensure the body receives the necessary nutrients. Dr. Lin
recommends speaking with a doctor about taking a basic multivitamin as a form
of insurance to avoid vitamin deficiencies.
Thursday, February 23, 2023
குற்றமும் தண்டனையும் குறித்து ஜுடித் பட்லர் விளக்கியது
ஒருவர் மற்றவருக்கு ஒரு தண்டனையைக் கொடுக்கும் போது உளவியல் அறம் சார்ந்த ‘பொறுப்பு’ ஏற்படுகிறது. அதில் தண்டனைக் கொடுப்பவர் கொள்ளும் இன்பம் குற்றத்திற்கு நிகரானதாகக் கொள்ளப்படுகிறது. குற்றம் இழைத்தவர் ஒரு விதியை மீறிவிட்டார் அல்லது சொன்ன சொல் தவறிவிட்டார் என்பதற்காக நிகழ்த்திய வினையாக மட்டும் தண்டனை இருக்கிறதா என்பதைக் கவனிக்கவேண்டும்.
Mubeen Sadhika
Wednesday, February 22, 2023
Why do we commit suicide?
Often, the decision to commit suicide is influenced by
several factors that overlap and reinforce each other. Often, it is also
impossible to establish for what reason a person took his/her life. Risk
factors for suicidal behaviour can be divided into clinical, social and
psychological factors.
Suicide: Clinical Factors
Do suicides have a mental illness? Many people ask this
question, which is often true, but not always. According to Polish police
statistics, the two most common causes of suicide are family disagreements and
mental illness.
Depression
The mental illness that affects the risk of suicide the most
is depression. It is estimated that two-thirds of suicides suffer from
depression, and about 15% of people with depression decide to end their lives.
Patients who also have insomnia are at greater risk.
Contrary to appearances, the most severe depression does not
mean the most significant risk of taking your life. You need some determination
and energy to kill yourself. Patients with intense depression, having no
strength for anything, also do not have the power to commit suicide. Therefore,
a more significant risk may be when a person is beginning to recover from
depression theoretically. People who have recently been diagnosed with
depression are also at greater risk. People who struggle with this disease for longer
learn to live with it and less often decide to end their lives.
Schizophrenia
The risk of committing suicide is exceptionally high in
patients who suffer from persistent auditory hallucinations. Sometimes such
persons still hear “voices” telling them to kill themselves and eventually
succumb to these commands. However, even if the “voices” do not command
suicide, they can be challenging to deal with, and sometimes suicide seems to the
patient the only escape.
As with depression, those recently diagnosed with the
disease are at greater risk than those with schizophrenia for many years.
Moreover, schizophrenia is often accompanied by depression, which may be an
additional risk factor.
Addiction
At least one-third of suicides abuse psychoactive
substances. The most common addiction is alcoholism, and suicides are often
committed under the influence of this substance. The relationship between
alcoholism and the risk of suicide is not straightforward. Alcohol can
indirectly affect the risk of suicide by causing family conflict and loss of
support from loved ones. Still, the cognitive and physiological changes caused
by long-term alcohol abuse may also play a role. Alcoholics who commit suicide
often lose an essential person shortly before their death or have experienced
an interpersonal conflict or other personal crisis.
Personality disorders
Personality disorders approximately seven times increase the
risk of taking one’s own life. People with borderline personality disorder,
characterized by, e.g. impulsiveness, frequent feeling of emptiness, fear of
abandonment, and extreme and ambivalent emotions, are at particular risk.
Suicide: Social Factors
Human, as social being, needs support and close
relationships. This is especially true when he experiences difficulties in
life. People who have whom to turn to in stressful and difficult situations and
know that they are not alone with their problems cope better and are less
likely to say that the only way out is death.
As I mentioned above, crises in social relations, such as
family conflicts, are among the most common causes of suicide. The loss of a
loved one may also lead to such an act. The more a man depended on the person
he/she lost and the less support other people provided him/her, the greater the
risk of suicide.
Suicide: Psychological Factors
Edwin Shneidman distinguished ten commonalities in suicides:
Seek a solution – Suicides often find themselves in
situations they cannot solve. The only option seems to be suicide. Therefore,
shortly before taking his life, a suicide often feels calm and improves his
mood. After all, he no longer has to worry about how to get out of his problems;
he has found a solution …
Cessation of consciousness – A person who commits suicide
escapes from problems and mental pain, guilt, or other challenging emotions.
Intolerable psychological pain – According to Shneidman,
intolerable psychological pain is the pain of feeling pain. It’s an
overwhelming emotion for which there is no cure, and sometimes suicide seems
like the only cure that can relieve suffering.
Frustrated psychological needs – One of the causes of
suicide is unmet needs, such as love, understanding, and achievement. An unmet
need for achievement can be especially true of perfectionists. This trait is
often associated with suicidal ideation because perfectionists find living up
to their own expectations challenging.
Have The Courage To Ask For Help ,Why So Many Struggle With It
Some individuals may feel ashamed of their inability to ask
for help, leading them to expect their partner to anticipate their needs and
then blame them when they don't. This behaviour can be attributed to the desire
to avoid feeling inadequate and shameful, whether due to an inability to
request assistance or even needing it. Redirected shame can often cause anger
and fear, making it difficult for individuals to ask for help.
Many clients struggle with asking for help and may feel
entitled to it. However, this entitlement can distract them from acknowledging
their limitations and lead them to expect others to meet their needs. Female
clients may become frustrated with their spouses for not understanding their
needs, as they may have experienced their fathers doing so. Asking for help can
feel daunting and risky, leading individuals to fear rejection. Seeing their
partner as a threat, they may transfer their shame onto them, playing a game of
emotional hot potato.
On the other hand, many male clients may feel that needing
help is a sign of weakness, and they may associate shame with accepting help.
They may feel that admitting a need for help is admitting defeat, and it can be
challenging for them to acknowledge their limitations. Their masculinity may be
tied to being independent and solving their problems independently.
Many people fear needing others and try to control and
manipulate situations to meet their needs. They may seek treatment to improve
themselves rather than become more comfortable with vulnerability. Self-love is
cultivated through acceptance, and therapy can help replace judgment and shame
with empathy and feedback.
It's important to acknowledge and accept our flaws and
limitations and to seek help when needed. It's essential to have a community of
people who love and accept us for who we are, our flaws and all. We don't have
to be perfect; not everyone will tolerate our imperfections, but some will, and
that's what matters. Believing that we are unlovable due to our weaknesses is a
flawed belief that can lead to isolation and despair.
Monday, February 20, 2023
What are AI Ethics (AI Code of Ethics)?
The rapidly evolving and expanding use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is outpacing regulatory and policy efforts to guide its ethical use.