Forever chemicals is a nickname for a group of man-made chemicals known as PFAS—per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. They’re called “forever” because they don’t break down easily in the environment or in the human body, and they can persist for decades.
There are thousands of PFAS, but some of the most studied include
PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid)
PFOS (Perfluorooctane sulfonate)
Genx chemicals (a newer group, meant to replace older PFAS but with similar risks)
ЁЯПн Where Are PFAS Found?
PFAS are used in a wide variety of consumer products and industrial applications because of their resistance to heat, water, and oil. You’ll find them in:
Non-stick cookware (Teflon)
Water-repellent clothing
Stain-resistant fabrics and carpets
Fast food wrappers and microwave popcorn bags
Cosmetics (especially waterproof products)
Cleaning products
Firefighting foams
Paints and sealants
Some drinking water supplies (due to industrial discharge or firefighting foam use)
☠️ Why Are They Dangerous?
PFAS builds up over time in humans, animals, and the environment. Scientific studies have linked exposure to a range of health problems:
ЁЯзм Health Risks:
Cancer (kidney, testicular)
Liver damage
Thyroid disease
Weakened immune system
Hormonal disruptions
Developmental issues in children and fetuses
High cholesterol
Decreased vaccine effectiveness
Even very low levels of exposure over time may be harmful.
ЁЯМН Environmental Impact
PFAS contaminate water sources, soil, and air.
They bioaccumulate – meaning they move up the food chain and become more concentrated in animals and humans.
Cleanup is very difficult and costly, and many sites remain contaminated for years.
⚖️ Are They Regulated?
Regulation varies by country, but governments are slowly catching up:
The U.S. EPA is working to limit PFAS in drinking water, proposing new enforceable limits.
The EU is pushing for a near-total ban on PFAS in non-essential uses.
Several countries have banned or restricted specific PFAS compounds (like PFOA and PFOS).
Lawsuits against companies like DuPont and 3M have brought major attention to PFAS pollution.
ЁЯЫб️ What Can You Do?
While it’s hard to avoid PFAS completely, here are some steps you can take:
✅ Reduce Exposure:
Avoid non-stick cookware made with PTFE/Teflon
Check labels: Avoid "water-resistant" or "stain-repellent" clothing/furniture unless labeled PFAS-free
Filter your water: Use activated carbon or reverse osmosis filters
Avoid fast food packaging and microwave popcorn
Choose PFAS-free cosmetics and personal care products
Support and vote for environmental regulations and cleanup efforts
ЁЯзй Key Takeaways:
Topic
Summary
What are they?
Man-made chemicals that don’t break down easily
Why are they bad?
Linked to cancer, liver damage, hormonal issues, etc.
Where are they?
Everyday items like cookware, packaging, clothes, water
Did you know that each night you will have between four and seven dreams and that a total of around ninety to one hundred and twenty minutes will be spent dreaming?
That means that over your lifetime, something like six years will be spent in the world of your dreams! So don’t you think it would be great to spend that time productively?
Well you can, because by learning the techniques that you need to fully understand your dreams you can then use them to achieve all of your goals in life. All you have to do is follow the simple steps to uncover your dream secrets.
Follow these simple steps and you will be well on your way:
Prepare Your Environment
To ensure you dream truly significant dreams you must get a restful night’s sleep. So the environment in which you sleep must be just right. Make sure you are comfortable and are neither too hot nor too cold. Ensure that the room that you sleep in is right for getting a good night’s sleep – a room that is too light for instance will make it more difficult. And try to remove those things that might distract you before you go off to sleep, like TVs and computers.
Prepare Your Mind
If your mind is still full of the pressures or excitement of your day then it is not going to produce gainful dreams. So try to clear your mind by taking time to relax and wind down before you go off to sleep.
Use techniques like visualization to see yourself going off to sleep and becoming absorbed in vivid meaningful dreams. Tell yourself that you are going to dream about something significant.
Learn To Remember Your Dreams
It’s no good having all those great dreams and then simply forgetting them. Within five minutes of waking it’s reckoned that around fifty percent of your dream content will be forgotten. After ten minutes as much as ninety percent simply can’t be remembered. So you need to learn the steps required to change this.
Ensuring that you wake slowly and keeping your eyes shut for a few moments will help to keep the images from your dreams in your mind. Then it’s important to record what you can remember as quickly as you can.
Record Your Dreams
You should have a notebook and pen by your bedside so that as soon as you wake you can jot down all that you remember about your dreams. Note down the main objects, characters, and events that appear and include things like colors, shapes, sounds, even any smells.
There is no need to worry about being grammatically correct just get the details down in the best way you can. This will form your dream journal.
Examine What You Have Recorded
Start to examine more closely what you have been dreaming about. It is important before you start to try analyzing the symbols, that you ask yourself what the dream could mean to you. Ask yourself what was the location of the dream, what key images or symbols did it contain, how did you feel during it, and what real life experience could it reflect?
Record your thoughts on these areas and try to formulate what the theme of the dream is. Highlight the keys points and then leave it and get on with your day.Analyze Your Dream
Set some time aside later in the day when you can go back to what you have recorded and start to analyze it. It’s vital that you find a quiet place where you won’t be interrupted. Examine the key symbols in your dreams, maybe using a dream dictionary to find some initial possible meanings. The true picture of what they all mean though will come by looking at your life, both now and in the past, to see what the images mean to you personally. As you think about them you will be able to form associations with aspects of your life. For example the people in your dreams are there to tell you something, possibly about the qualities or skills they possessed. If they are from your past think about conversations you may have had with them or ideas or hopes you had at the time. You will soon get clues about the areas of your life your dreams are prompting you to look at.
Define The Interpretation and Act Upon It
It may take you a few days but soon you will become accomplished at understanding what the contents of your dreams mean to you personally. You will see themes develop and certain images will start to reoccur. Try giving each dream a title and see how the patterns emerge.
Get into a routine of doing your dream work and soon the clues to the actions you need to take in life will be revealed. Then act upon them.
These steps are the basics of what you will need to learn to be able to fully understand your own dreams. When you learn to uncover your dream secrets you truly will see the benefits in your life.
ScienceDaily — An Iron Age man whose skull and brain were unearthed during excavations at the University of York was the victim of a gruesome ritual killing, according to new research.
Scientists have examined samples of the skull of an Iron Age man using a range of sophisticated equipment, including a CT scanner. (Credit: Image courtesy of University of York)
Scientists say that fractures and marks on the bones suggest the man, who was aged between 26 and 45, died most probably from hanging, after which he was carefully decapitated and his head was then buried on its own.
Archaeologists discovered the remains in 2008 in one of a series of Iron Age pits on the site of the University's £750 million campus expansion at Heslington East. Brain material was still in the skull which dates back around 2500 years, making it one the oldest surviving brains in Europe.
A multi-disciplinary team of scientists, including archaeologists, chemists, bio-archaeologists and neurologists, was assembled to attempt to establish how the man's brain, could have survived when all the other soft tissue had decayed leaving only the bone.
The team is also investigating details of the man's death and burial that may have contributed to the survival of what is normally highly vulnerable soft tissue. The research, which was funded by the University of York and English Heritage, is published in the Journal of Archaeological Science.
Archaeologists from York Archaeological Trust, commissioned by the University to carry out the exploratory dig before building work on the campus expansion started, discovered the solitary skull face-down in the pit in dark brown organic rich, soft sandy clay.
Since the discovery, the brain and skull have been kept in strictly controlled conditions, but scientists have examined samples using a range of sophisticated equipment including a CT scanner at York Hospital and mass spectrometers at the University of York.
Samples of brain material had a DNA sequence that matched sequences found only in a few individuals from Tuscany and the Near East. Carbon dating suggests the remains date from between 673-482BC.
Peri-mortem fractures on the second neck vertebrae are consistent with a traumatic spondylolisthesis and a cluster of about nine horizontal fine cut-marks made by a thin-bladed instrument, such as a knife, are visible on the frontal aspect of the centrum.
Histological studies found remnants of brain tissue structures and highly sensitive neuroimmunological techniques, together with analyses, demonstrated the presence of a range of lipids and brain specific proteins in the remains.
The scientific team is now investigating how these lipids and proteins may have combined to form the persistent material of the surviving brain and what insight this may give on the circumstances between death, the burial environment and preservation of the Heslington brain.
The team is headed by Dr Sonia O'Connor, a Research Fellow in Archaeological Sciences at the University of Bradford and an Honorary Visiting Fellow at the University of York. It included scientists from the Departments of Archaeology, Biology and Chemistry at York, Archaeological Sciences at the University of Bradford, the Biocentre and the Department of Laboratory Medicine at Manchester University and the UCL Institute of Neurology in London.
Dr O'Connor said: "It is rare to be able to suggest the cause of death for skeletonised human remains of archaeological origin. The preservation of the brain in otherwise skeletonised remains is even more astonishing but not unique."
"This is the most thorough investigation ever undertaken of a brain found in a buried skeleton and has allowed us to begin to really understand why brain can survive thousands of years after all the other soft tissues have decayed.."
Despite the place that 'trophy heads' appear to have played in Iron Age societies and evidence for the preservation of human remains in the Bronze Age, the researchers say there is no evidence for that in this case. Analyses found no biomarkers indicating deliberate preservation by embalming or smoking.
Dr O'Connor added: "The hydrated state of the brain and the lack of evidence for putrefaction suggests that burial, in the fine-grained, anoxic sediments of the pit, occurred very rapidly after death. This is a distinctive and unusual sequence of events, and could be taken as an explanation for the exceptional brain preservation."