Euler’s identity is an equality found in mathematics that has been compared to a Shakespearean sonnet and described as "the most beautiful equation." It is a special case of a foundational equation in complex arithmetic called Euler’s Formula, which the late great physicist Richard Feynman called in his lectures "our jewel" and "the most remarkable formula in mathematics."
The equation combines five of the most important numbers in mathematics. These are:
1 – the basis of all other numbers
0 – the concept of nothingness
pi – the number that defines a circle
e – the number that underlies exponential growth
i – the "imaginary" square root of -1
The numbers all have many practical applications, including communication, navigation, energy, manufacturing, finance, meteorology and medicine.
But that's not all. Euler's identity also contains the three most basic mathematical operations: addition, multiplication and exponentiation.
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