Eagle is a common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae; it belongs to several groups of genera that are not necessarily closely related to each other.
Most of the 60 species of eagles are from Eurasia and Africa.
Outside this area, just 14 species can be found – two in North America,
nine in Central and South America, and three in Australia.
Eagles are large, powerfully built birds of prey, with a heavy head and beak. Even the smallest eagles, like the booted eagle (Aquila pennata) (which is comparable in size to a common buzzard (Buteo buteo) or red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicensis)),
have relatively longer and more evenly broad wings, and more direct,
faster flight – despite the reduced size of aerodynamic feathers. Most
eagles are larger than any other raptors apart from some vultures. The smallest species of eagle is the South Nicobar serpent eagle (Spilornis klossi),
at 450 g (0.99 lb) and 40 cm (16 in). The largest species are discussed
below. Like all birds of prey, eagles have very large hooked beaks for ripping flesh from their prey, strong muscular legs, and powerful talons.
The beak is typically heavier than that of most other birds of prey.
Eagles' eyes are extremely powerful, having up to 3.6 times human acuity
for the martial eagle, which enables them to spot potential prey from a very long distance.[2] This keen eyesight is primarily attributed to their extremely large pupils which ensure minimal diffraction (scattering) of the incoming light. The female of all known species of eagles is larger than the male.
Eagles normally build their nests, called eyries,
in tall trees or on high cliffs. Many species lay two eggs, but the
older, larger chick frequently kills its younger sibling once it has
hatched. The dominant chick tends to be a female, as they are bigger
than the male. The parents take no action to stop the killing.
Due to the size and power of many eagle species, they are ranked at the top of the food chain as apex predators in the avian world. The type of prey varies by genus. The Haliaeetus and Ichthyophaga eagles prefer to capture fish, though the species in the former often capture various animals, especially other water birds, and are powerful kleptoparasites of other birds. The snake and serpent eagles of the genera Circaetus, Terathopius, and Spilornis predominantly prey on the great diversity of snakes found in the tropics of Africa and Asia. The eagles of the genus Aquila are often the top birds of prey in open habitats, taking almost any medium-sized vertebrate they can catch. Where Aquila eagles are absent, other eagles, such as the buteonine black-chested buzzard-eagle of South America, may assume the position of top raptorial predator in open areas. Many other eagles, including the species-rich Spizaetus
genus, live predominantly in woodlands and forest. These eagles often
target various arboreal or ground-dwelling mammals and birds, which are
often unsuspectingly ambushed in such dense, knotty environments.
Hunting techniques differ among the species and genera, with some
individual eagles having engaged in quite varied techniques based their
environment and prey at any given time. Most eagles grab prey without
landing and take flight with it so the prey can be carried to a perch
and torn apart.
The bald eagle
is noted for having flown with the heaviest load verified to be carried
by any flying bird, since one eagle flew with a 6.8 kg (15 lb) mule deer fawn.
However, a few eagles may target prey considerably heavier than
themselves; such prey is too heavy to fly with, thus it is either eaten
at the site of the kill or taken in pieces back to a perch or nest. Golden and crowned eagles have killed ungulates weighing up to 30 kg (66 lb) and a martial eagle even killed a 37 kg (82 lb) duiker, 7–8 times heavier than the preying eagle.Authors on birds David Allen Sibley, Pete Dunne,
and Clay Sutton described the behavioral difference between hunting
eagles and other birds of prey thus (in this case the bald and golden
eagles as compared to other North American raptors):
They have at least one singular characteristic. It has been observed
that most birds of prey look back over their shoulders before striking
prey (or shortly thereafter); predation is after all a two-edged sword.
All hawks seem to have this habit, from the smallest kestrel to the
largest Ferruginous – but not the Eagles.
Among the eagles are some of the largest birds of prey: only the condors and some of the Old World vultures
are markedly larger. It is regularly debated which should be considered
the largest species of eagle. They could be measured variously in total
length, body mass, or wingspan. Different lifestyle needs among various
eagles result in variable measurements from species to species. For
example, many forest-dwelling eagles, including the very large harpy and Philippine eagles,
have relatively short wingspans, a feature necessary for being able to
maneuver in quick, short bursts through dense forested habitats. Eagles in the genus Aquila, though found almost strictly in open country, are superlative soarers, and have relatively long wings for their size.
These lists of the top five eagles are based on weight, length, and
wingspan, respectively. Unless otherwise noted by reference, the figures
listed are the median reported for each measurement in the guide Raptors of the World in which only measurements that could be personally verified by the authors were listed.
ரஷ்யாவில்
1950'களில் தொடர்ச்சியாக இரயில் தண்டவாளங்களை ஒட்டி குழந்தைகள் கொல்ல
படுகிறார்கள்.. ஆனால் ஸ்டாலின் அரசாங்கத்தில் ரஷ்யா சொர்க்க பூமி. அதனால்
இங்கு கொலைகள் நடக்க வாய்ப்பில்லை என்று அவற்றை அதிகாரிகள் விபத்துக்களாக
சித்தரிக்கிறார்கள்.
கொலைகாரனுக்கு இது சவுகரியமாக இருக்க
தொடர்ச்சியாக 44 கொலைகள்...!! அனைத்தும் ஒரே வகையில்... லியோ என்ற
அதிகாரிக்கு சந்தேகம் வர... அரசை எதிர்த்து சிறு புல்லை பிடிங்கினாலும் மரண தண்டனை என்பது நன்றாக தெரிந்திருந்த்தும் புதிரை துப்பறிய முயற்சிக்கிறான்.
அவன் மேல் பொறாமை கொண்ட முன்னாள் நண்பன், தன் குழந்தையையும் பறி கொடுத்த
மற்றுமொரு நண்பன், அவனை அரசாங்க எதிரியாக பாவித்து கொலை செய்ய அலையும்
அரசாங்க கைகூலிகள்... இவர்களுக்கு நடுவில் லியோவும் அவன் மனைவியும்
கொலையாளியை தேடி அலையும் 'த்ரில்லர்'.
செம விறு விறுப்பான
திரைக்கதை... அதிர்ச்சிகரமான திருப்பங்கள்.. 1950'களை கண் முன் கொண்டு வந்த
அட்டகாசமான மேக்கிங். ஒரு காட்சியில் அப்போது இருந்த ஸ்டீம் எஞ்சின் ரயில்
வெள்ளை புகை கக்கி செல்லும்... அசரடிக்கும் ஒளிப்பதிவு... :) வரலாறும், அதோடு கூடிய த்ரில்லும் ஒன்றாக அனுபவிக்கலாம். a don't miss movie... Movie Name : Child 44 (2015) It’s difficult to tell what may be the most menacing aspect of the Stalin-era thriller, Child 44:
Is it the serial killer preying on young children encountered along the
train tracks? The nonstop purges conducted by the Soviet secret police,
forcing men to betray their loved ones in order to survive? Or is it
the array of thick Russian accents performed by an entirely non-Slavic
cast, in what may be the most Westernized version of the USSR since David Lean made the great Doctor Zhivago? Granted, such a sprawling and gloomy tale of murder, treachery and
political misery probably wouldn't have seen the light of day without a
star-studded international roster, including the always watchable Tom Hardy as a disgraced war hero trying to catch the bad guy and Noomi Rapace
as the woman who keeps him going. But even their committed turns — plus
some impressive set pieces and possibly the most amount of mud ever
flung at so many hardworking actors — cannot overcome a sense of
dramatic inertia, not to mention a need to suspend our disbelief enough
to accept that these are all a bunch of unhappy Ruskies. Adapted from the best-selling book by Tom Rob Smith, this $50 million Ridley Scott production does benefit from strong performances and a few worthy scenes that director Daniel Espinosa (Safe House)
pulls off with an effective amount of grit. Yet the movie doesn’t
really captivate the way it should. As the manhunt stretches on, it
actually diminishes in suspense, ultimately overstaying its two-hour
running time. Released in France two days before Summit rolls it out
stateside, Child 44 is likely to pull in modest numbers until it finds more victims on the small screen. The script by veteran crime writer Richard Price attempts to juggle both a murder mystery (based on the case of Andrei Chikatilo, aka the “Butcher of Rostov”) and the story of a loyal man caught in the mire of Joseph Stalin’s
crushing dictatorship, where the only way to get ahead is to rat out
your colleagues. This is the quandary that state security officer Leo
Demidov (Hardy) finds himself facing, despite the fact that he once rose
from the lowly status of a Ukrainian orphan to a WWII champion who
raised the flag over the Reichstag. (A nice touch has another soldier
removing stolen watches from his wrist before a photographer captures
the historic moment.) In an early scene, Leo is shown to have more compassion for purging than his gun-crazy colleague, Vasili (Joel Kinnaman, who starred in Espinosa’s Swedish hit Easy Money). The initial friction between the two soon comes back to bite Leo when his boss (Vincent Cassel)
asks him to spy on the love of his life: Raisa (Rapace), a
schoolteacher with a heart of gold and perhaps a few shady
acquaintances. Meanwhile, the mutilated bodies of little boys have been
popping up by the train tracks of Moscow, yet the authorities refuse to
recognize them as crime victims, blindly repeating the Communist Party
adage that “there is no murder in paradise.” Between Leo’s professional woes, marital tribulations and growing
obsession with the killings, there’s definitely a lot going on at once,
and the filmmakers have a hard time making it all flow smoothly. Certain
sequences stand out, especially a handful of conjugal clashes that
allow Hardy and Rapace to showcase their range — as they did last year
playing Brooklynites in Michael Roskam’s The Drop. But others scenes feel like boilerplate B-movie moments dressed up with epic production design (by Jan Roelfs)
and yet more heavily accented dialogue. These moments really pile up
when the couple is exiled to the dismal factory town of Volsk, where
they cross paths with a local official (Gary Oldman) who is willing to lend a hand in catching their diabolical madman, played by Englishman Paddy Considine.
(Was there seriously no native talent available for this movie? The
country that gave us Stanislavsky should still have a few men left who
know how to act.) Despite a grueling atmosphere that can border on caricature, and the
overall feeling of incongruity between cast and setting, Hardy
ultimately manages to convey something real about Leo’s predicament,
playing a man truly caught between a rock and a hard place — or rather a
hammer and a sickle. He’s trying to do the right thing at a time when
that won’t get you anywhere, containing his inner beast in a land where
monsters are allowed to roam free, and even encouraged to do so, by the
regime. In that sense, Child 44 is definitely not a nostalgia piece,
and there are no feel-good scenes of party members downing vodka shots,
then joining hands with their female comrades for a troika. Even the cinematography by Oliver Wood (The Bourne Ultimatum)
seems purposely dingy, as if the lens had been dipped in a bucket of
soot before each take. The dire atmosphere is further highlighted by the
one sequence memorably set in the sunlight, in which a political
suspect (Jason Clarke) viciously stabs himself in the
stomach to avoid arrest. Mother Russia has never looked so grim — with
or without the Russians themselves. Production companies: Summit Entertainment, Worldview Entertainment, Scott Free Productions
Cast: Tom Hardy, Gary Oldman, Noomi Rapace, Joel Kinnaman, Paddy Considine, Fares Fares, Jason Clarke, Vincent Cassel
Director: Daniel Espinosa
Screenwriter: Richard Price, based on the novel by Tom Rob Smith
Producers: Ridley Scott, Michael Schaefer, Greg Shapiro
Executive producers: Adam Merims, Elishia Holmes, Douglas Urbanski,
Kevin Plank, Molly Conners, Maria Cestone, Sarah E. Johnson, Hoyt David
Morgan
Director of photography: Oliver Wood
Production designer: Jan Roelfs
Costume designer: Jenny Beavan
Editors: Pietro Scalia, Dylan Tichenor
Composer: Jon Ekstrand
Casting director: Nina Gold Thanks: hollywoodreporter.com
The late-Classic Maya site of Uxmal ("oosh-mahl",
meaning "thrice-built") in the Yucatan dates from before the 10th
century AD. It is considered one of the most complex and beautiful
expressions of Puuc architecture and, for many, is a major highlight of a
Yucatán vacation.
Puuc means "hilly country," and is the
name given to the hills nearby and the predominant style of ancient
architecture found here. Puuc decoration, which abounds at Uxmal, is
characterized by elaborate horizontal stonework on upper levels. Uxmal
is part of the the "Puuc route" of Mayan sites, along with nearby Sayil, Kabah, Xlapak, and Labná.
History of Uxmal
The area around Uxmal was occupied as early as 800 BC, but the
major building period took place when it was the capital of a Late
Classic Mayan state around 850-925 AD.
After about 1000, when Toltec invaders took over the Yucatán peninsula (establishing their capital at Chichén Itza), all major construction ceased at Uxmal. But it continued to be occupied and participated in the political League of Mayapán.
Uxmal
later came under the control of the Xiú princes. The site was abandoned
around 1450, shortly before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors.
What to See at Uxmal
The main ruins of Uxmal cover about 150 acres, with
residential districts spreading further beyond that. Uxmal occupies a
grassy savannah surrounded by forest and its buildings were adapted to
the varied elevations of the hilly landscape.
Unlike most Yucatan
sites, Uxmal derived its not as much from cenotes (natural wells) as
from man-made cisterns that collected rain water, one of which can be
seen near the entrance. The constant concern with the supply of water
probably explains the special popularity of the rain god Chac at Puuc sites.
The real function of many of the structures remains uncertain, and they retain the fanciful names given them by the Spanish.
At 35 m (115 ft), the massive Magician's Pyramid (Pirámide del Adivino) is the tallest structure at Uxmal. The pyramid is also known as the Pyramid of the Dwarf;
both names derive from a legend about a magical dwarf who was hatched
from an egg, grew to adulthood in a single day, and built this pyramid
in one night. Actually, it was begun in the 6th century AD and regularly
expanded through the 10th century.
The pyramid is unique among
Mayan structures because of its rounded sides, height, and steepness,
and the doorway on the opposite (west) side near the top. Its limestone
core was originally covered with smooth plaster and painted red with
accents in blue, yellow and black. Beneath the Magician's Pyramid are
five earlier structures; it was common for the Mayas to build new
structures on top of old ones at regular intervals.
The rich
decoration on the doorway of "Temple 4," near the top, features 12
stylized masks. These are traditionally thought to represent the rain
god Chac, but recent scholarship suggests they are actually
"iconographic mountains," or witz (Coe, The Maya,
166). The structure at the very top, Temple 5, dates from about 1000
AD; its design may be inspired by the nearby Governor's Palace.
The Nunnery Quadrangle
was given its name by the 16th-century Spanish historian Fray Diego
López de Cogullado because it reminded him of a Spanish convent. It may
have been a military academy or a training school for Mayan princes, who
would have lived in the 74 rooms. The rooms have no interior decoration
and have mostly been taken over by swallows.
The buildings of
the Nunnery Quadrangle were constructed at different times: first the
northern; then the southern, eastern, and western buildings. The western
building has the most richly decorated facade, featuring intertwined
stone snakes and numerous masks of the hook-nosed rain god Chac. Above each doorway in the the archway to the south of the Nunnery Quadrangle features the motif of a Maya cottage, or nah, which is still seen throughout the Yucatán today.
In its size and intricate stonework, the Governor's Palace
rivals the Magician's Pyramid as the masterpiece of Uxmal. It's an
imposing three-level edifice with a 97m (320-ft.) long mosaic facade,
built in the 9th and 10th centuries.
If you stand back from the Palace on the east side, the 103 stone masks of Chac
seem to slither across the facade like a serpent. They end at the
corners, where there are columns of masks. In the open plaza in front of
the Palace is the Jaguar Throne, carved like a two-headed jaguar, which the Mayas associated with chiefs and kings.
Fray
Cogullado also gave this building its name, and he may have been more
accurate this time - the Governor's Palace may have been the
administrative center of the Xiú principality, which included the region
around Uxmal. The Governor's Palace probably had astrological significance as well.
For
years, scholars pondered why this building was constructed slightly
turned from adjacent buildings. Recently scholars of archaeoastronomy (a
relatively new science that studies the placement of archaeological
sites in relation to the stars) discovered that the central doorway,
which is larger than the others, is in perfect alignment with Venus.
Behind the Govenor's Place is a lower-level plaza with the Great Pyramid, 260 feet (79 m) on each side. The top of the pyramid has the Temple of the Macaws, three other ruined temples, and fine views.
The Turtle House
is a simple rectangular building on the terrace south of the ball
court. The temple is named for the frieze of small turtles in procession
around the top of building. Though much smaller and less elaborate than
other structures, its harmony and elegance makes it one of the gems of
Uxmal.
A building called the Dovecote features roof combs, which are not commonly found in Puuc temples.
Getting There
If traveling by car, there are two routes to Uxmal from Merida: Highway 261 or State Highway 18. Note that there's no gas available at Uxmal. Buses runs from Merida to Uxmal, but to see the sound and light show, you should sign up for a guided tour in Merida.
Tip:
If staying the night in Uxmal, an efficient plan is to arrive late in
the day, buy a ticket to see the sound-and-light show that evening, then
explore the ruins the next morning before it gets hot. Make sure that
the ticket vendor knows your intentions and keep the ticket.
ஒரு மனிதனுக்கு வாழ்க்கையில் 5 விதமான
தோஷங்கள் ஏற்படலாம் என்று ஆதி தமிழர்கள் கணித்து எழுதிவைத்துள்ளனர். ஒருவர்
செய்யும் பாவங்கள், தவறுகள் எல்லாம் இந்த 5 வகை தோஷத்துக்குள் வந்து
விடுகிறது. அந்த தோஷங்கள் 1.வஞ்சித தோஷம், 2.பந்த தோஷம், 3.கல்பித தோஷம்
4.வந்தூலக தோஷம் 5.ப்ரணகால தோஷம் எனப்படும். 1.வஞ்சித தோஷம்: பார்க்கக்
கூடாத படங்கள், வெறிïட்டும் காட்சிகள் காம சிந்தனைகள் உடலில் சூட்டை
உண்டாக்கி, அவை பித்த நாடிகளைப் பாதிக்கச் செய்கிறது. இது உடலில் பல
வியாதிகளை உண்டாக்குகிறது. இதற்கு
வஞ்சிததோஷம் எனப்பெயர். உடன் பிறந்த சகோதரிகளை வணங்கி அவர்களுக்கு வேண்டிய
உதவிகளைச் செய்ய வேண்டும். சகோதரிகள் இல்லாதவர்கள் ஏழைப் பெண்களுக்குத்
தானம் அளிக்க வேண்டும். இவ்வாறு செய்தால் வஞ்சித தோஷம் விலகிவிடும்.
2.பந்த தோஷம்: நம்மை நம்பி பழகியவர்களுக்குத் துரோகம் செய்வது அல்லது
பழிவாங்குதல் பந்த தோஷமாகும். இந்த தோஷத்துக்கு தந்தை, தாய் வழிகளில் உள்ள
மாமா, அத்தை, சித்தப்பா, பெரியப்பா ஆகியோருடைய பெண்களுக்குத் தான தர்மங்கள்
செய்ய வேண்டும். இவ்வாறு செய்தால் பந்த தோஷம் விலகும். 3. கல்பித
தோஷம்: பிறர் தன்னை விரும்புவதாக எண்ணிக் கொண்டு முறை தவறிப் பழகுதல்
கல்பித தோஷமாகும். இத்தகைய தோஷம் ஏற்பட்டால் தன்னை விட வயதில் மூத்த
பெண்களுக்குத் தன்னால் இயன்ற உதவிகளைச் செய்ய வேண்டும். இவ்வாறு செய்தால்
கல்பித தோஷம் உடனடியாக விலகி விடும். 4.வந்தூலக தோஷம்: ஒருவர் தன்னைவிட
வயது அதிகமுள்ள பெண்ணை திருமணம் செய்தால், அவருக்கு சுவாசக் கோளாறுகள்,
நரம்பு சம்பந்தப்பட்ட நோய்கள் ஏற்படலாம். இவ்வாறு உருவாகும் தோஷத்திற்கு
வந்தூலக தோஷம் எனப்படும். வந்தூலக தோஷம் நீங்க வேண்டுமானால் வயதான
தம்பதிகளுக்குத் தான தர்மங்கள் செய்ய வேண்டும். வேஷ்டி, புடவை, துண்டு,
ரவிக்கைத் துணி ஆகியவற்றைத் தானமாக வழங்க வேண்டும். அறுபடை வீடுகளில்
ஒன்றான பழமுதிர்ச் சோலைத் தலத்திற்குச் சென்று முருகனைத் தரிசித்துப் பின்
ஏழைத் தம்பதிகளுக்குத் தான தர்மங்கள் செய்ய வேண்டும். 5. ப்ரணகால
தோஷம்: திருமணப் பொருத்தங்கள் பார்க்காமல், பணம், புகழ், அந்தஸ்து, பதவி
ஆகியவற்றுக்கு ஆசைப்பட்டு ஒருவர், திருமணம் செய்து கொண்டால், அவருக்கு
ப்ரணகால தோஷம் ஏற்படும். இதனால் வாழ்க்கையில் பிடித்தம் இல்லாத நிலை
காணப்படும். இந்த தோஷத்தை தவிர்க்க வேண்டுமானால் அனாதை விடுதியியில் உள்ள
பெண்களுக்குத் தான தர்மங்கள் செய்ய வேண்டும். இவ்வாறு செய்தால் ப்ரணகால
தோஷங்கள் நிவர்த்தியாகும்...
ஆடி மாதத்தில் அம்மன் கோயிலில் ஏன் கூழ் ஊற்றுகிறார்கள்?
ஆடி மற்றும் மார்கழி மாதத்தை பீட மாதங்கள் என்பர். மாதங்களுக்கு நடுவில் பீடங்கள் போல அமைந்து உள்ளதால், இந்தப் பெயர். மார்கழி- மகாவிஷ்ணுவுக்கும், ஆடி மாதம் அம்மனுக்கும் விசேஷமானது.
ஆடி மாதத்தில் அம்மன் கோயிலில் ஏன் கூழ் ஊற்றுகிறார்கள்?
அம்மை நோய் என்பது கடும் வெயில் காலமான சித்திரை, வைகாசி, ஆனி ஆகிய
மாதங்கள் முடிந்து அடுத்த பருவ காலம் தொடங்குகிற ஆடியில்தான் அதிகமாகக்
காணப்படும். அதற்குக் காரணம் அதீத வெப்பம் மற்றும் வறட்சியான காற்று.
வெப்பம் மற்றும் வறட்சியால் ஏற்படுகிற அந்த நோய், மழை பெய்து மண்
குளிர்ந்தால்தான் குறையும். அதனால் மாரி எனும் மழையை அவர்கள் தெய்வமாக
உருக் கொண்டார்கள்.
அதிலும் விவசாய வேலை இல்லாத மாதமான ஆடி
மாதத்தில் உற்சவங்களை நடத்தினார்கள். சித்திரையில் அறுவடை முடிந்து வைகாசி,
ஆனி மாதம் வரை நெல்லோ, தானியங்களோ இருப்பு வைத்திருக்கும் ஏழைத்
தொழிலாளர்கள்... ஆடியில் அது தீர்ந்து உணவுக்குத் தடுமாறுவார்கள். பஞ்ச
மும் ஏற்பட்டிருக்கிறது. அந்தப் பஞ்சத்தைத் தீர்க்கவும்தான் இந்த ஆடிமாத
வழிபாடு உதவியிருக்கிறது. அப்போதைய மக்களின் பிரதான உணவு கூழ்தான்.
அந்தக் கூழ் கிடைக்காமல் பட்டினி சாவுகள் நடக்கும் ஆடி மாதத்தில்...
கோயிலில் வைத்துக் கூழ் ஊற்றினார்கள். நாகரிக வளர்ச்சியில் கூழ் என்பது
மறக்கடிக்கப்பட்டு, அரிசி உணவான கஞ்சியாக மாறியது. பஞ்ச காலத்தில் கஞ்சித்
தொட்டி திறந்து கஞ்சி ஊற்றுவதை நம் தமிழகம் பலமுறை பார்த்திருக்கிறது.
அதற்கு அடிப்படைகூட கோயில்களில் கஞ்சி ஊற்றுவதுதான்.
அம்மன் கூழ் செய்வது எப்படி?
அதிமதுரம், சீரகம், திப்பிலி, சின்ன வெங்காயம், திரிகடுகு, குன்னி வேர்,
உழிஞ்சை வேர், சீற்றாமுட்டி, கட லாடி வேர் ஆகியவை நாட்டு மருந்து கடைகளில்
கிடைக்கும்.
இவற்றை அரை குறையாக தட்டியெடுத்து ஒரு வெள்ளைத்
துணியில் கட்டி வைத்துக் கொள்ள வேண்டும். அரிசியை கஞ்சியாக வேக வைத்து
அதில், துணியில் கட்டிய மருந்தை 15 நிமிடம் போட்டு விட வேண்டும். பின்னர்
இதைக் குடிக்கலாம். உடலுக்கு நல்லது. ஆடி மாதத்து குளிரிலும், காற்றிலும்
வர வாய்ப்புள்ள நோய்களான இருமல், தொற்று நோய் வராது.
வெள்ளிக்கிழமை கனகப்பொடி!
உலர்ந்த தவிட்டை வெல்லத்தில் குழைத்து அதை தோசை போல் பரப்பி, தீக்கனலில் சுட்டெடுத்து உண்டாக்குவதே கனகப்பொடி.
ஆடி மாதம் வெள்ளிக்கிழமைகளில் கனகப்பொடி சாப்பிட வேண்டும் என்று
முன்னோர்கள் கூறுவதுண்டு. இதை வெறும் மூட நம்பிக்கை என்று பலரும்
நினைக்கிறார்கள். குடும்பத்திலுள்ளவர்கள் எல்லோரும் வட்டமாக அமர்ந்து
பங்கிட்டு வைத்து வெறும் வயிற்றில் உண்ணும் ஆசாரமே கனகப்பொடி அருந்துதல்.
உலர்ந்த தவிட்டில் வைட்டமின் பி ஏராளமுண்டு. வெல்லத்தில் இரும்புச்சத்து
அடங்கியுள்ளது. இதுவே கனகப்பொடியின் சிறப்பு. இதை அம்பாளுக்கு நைவேத்தியமாக
படைத்து விட்டு சாப்பிடலாம்.
(பாதி கேழ்வரகு மாவு, பாதி கம்பு மாவிலும் செய்யலாம்)
எப்படிச் செய்வது?
கேழ்வரகு மாவை முதல் நாள் இரவே தனியாக தண்ணீரில் கரைத்து மூடி வைக்கவும்.
மறுநாள் காலை அடுப்பில் தண்ணீர்விட்டு ஒரு பானையில் அல்லது பாத்திரத்தில்
நொய்யை வேக விட்டு அது பாதி வெந்ததும், இரவு கரைத்து வைத்த மாவை சேர்த்து
கைவிடாமல் கூழாகக் காய்ச்சி, வெந்ததும் இறக்கி ஆறவைக்கவும். தேவையான உப்பை
சேர்க்கவும். பிறகு மோர், வெங்காயம், பச்சைமிளகாய் சேர்த்து
கரைத்துக்கொள்ளலாம். இக்கூழினை அம்மனுக்குப் படைத்துவிட்டு வீட்டார்
மட்டுமன்றி மற்றவர்களுக்கும் அளிக்கலாம்.
பாரம்பரிய முறைப்படி
ஜோதிட ஆலோசனை வேண்டும் எனில் உங்கள் பெயர்.பிறந்த தேதி,நேரம்
(AM/PM).பிறந்த ஊர் இவற்றை போன் மூலம் தெரியப்படுத்தி உங்கள் ஜாதகபலனை
தெரிந்து-கொள்ளுங்கள்..உங்கள் பிரச்சனைகளுக்கு நிரந்தர தீர்வு காணுங்கள்.
குடிக்கு அடிமையாகும் கணவர்களால் சுகம் தேடி வெளியே செல்லும் 80 சதவீத பெண்கள்... அதிர்ச்சி தகவல்!
Almost every married person has faced
marriage problems one time or the other. It would not be an exaggeration
to say that there is no marriage without marriage problems even if the
partners truly love each other. The reasons of marriage problems could
be any and many. Therefore, the timings, nature, frequency and intensity
of marital discords would also vary from couple to couple.
However, the family members and well
wishers would certainly not expect the wife cheating on her husband and
having an extramarital affair.
During a marriage counselling session,
the husband and wife were sitting in front of me. There were many points
raised by both the partners against each other as the reasons for
marital discord and being unhappy living together. Suddenly the husband
raised the issue of infidelity. According to him the wife is still
dating the man she loved before marriage, though he is a married man
now. Of course, the wife vehemently denied the allegation saying that
they are doing a business activity together as partners only and they
are not having any affair.
Whatever were the details of the case, a
few questions repeatedly hammered my mind – Do married women have extra
marital affair? If so, then what are the reasons? Why married woman
cheat on their spouse?
Do Married Women Cheat
It would be incorrect and insulting to
married women if the answer were a simple Yes. It needs to be qualified.
Let us put it this way that there are some married women who do have
extra marital affairs or extramarital relationships.
It may not be possible to quote
statistics from some authentic research or survey on extra marital
affairs involving married women as it would depend from place to place
and time to time. But it is safe to presume that the percentage of cases
where married women are cheating on their spouse is increasing and the
absolute numbers are also alarming. It would be safe to say the
percentage of infidelity cases has already crossed the double digit. The
analysis of same estimates may also show that younger to middle aged
people are more likely to have an affair than older married persons.
Why Married Women Cheat and have Extra Marital Affair
Just as reasons why married men fall in
love with other woman, it was found that the reasons married women have
affairs are not very different
Below are a few of the most common reasons found.
1. In love with someone before marriage
It
is as simple as that. Perhaps the woman was already in love with
someone before marriage and could not marry him for whatever reasons or
circumstances. After marriage the lady failed to form a compatible
relationship with her husband. If looked deeper, the reasons could be
that the husband did not give enough care, love and attention to his
wife which made her long for pre-marriage relationship. Hence this led
to infidelity.
Also it is quite possible that despite
having a good husband and family of in-laws the now married woman could
not forget her first love.
Depending on individual perception, this
could be an insignificant reason because “love” is so difficult to
define. Also equally important are responsibility, commitment and
stability. While to some others, getting satisfactory sexual and
emotional intimacy may seem to be more important than remaining faithful
in marriage.
2. Falling in love with someone else
This is quite similar to previous one,
except that the timings of forming a relationship with another man is
post marriage. One of the many causes could be that the lady has fallen
out of love with her partner and has got strongly attracted to someone
new. Also like the previous case, the absence of the husband or not
giving enough love and attention could be the motivating factor.
Short Video: Why Married Women Cheat and have Extra Marital Affair
3. To seek revenge
In a relationship or a marriage, where
the husband is already having an affair the wife thinks it is
appropriate to teach husband by having an affair herself. The other
combination could be where the relationship is suffering due to the bad
attitude or physical violence by the husband. The hurt partner is now
significantly encouraged to find something from outside of the marriage
which has been denied to her.
Whatever may be the explanation given by
the married lady, her real motivation is to seek revenge. Currently
this is the most common cause being quoted.
4. Variety is the spice of life
For some this concept goes beyond cars, furniture and fashion and includes sexual variety through more than one partner as well.
When it comes to falling for physical
attraction and wanting to have sex, women are no different from men.
Sometimes women married for couple of years to the same person have a
stronger craving and they go in for a bit of a change in their routine.
Here the women are strongly attached to the physical level and for them
sex has become routine and predictable,
If she gets a chance, she does not mind
having an adventure – to begin with discreetly. But later if she enjoys
it then this could be in the form of a casual affair or a solid
committed relationship.
5. Boredom
Imagine a situation where the husband
and wife are living in two separate towns because of career reasons. The
wife, therefore, bears more than usual share of responsibilities on her
shoulders. Day after day, it is the same mundane routine – get up
early, prepare breakfast, drop kids to the school, rush to the office,
face the rough and tough world, return home tired and there is no one to
talk to and give the emotional support.
Then one day, a smart man walks into her
life through the backdoor of emotions. It starts with having coffee
together and exchange of sweet text and picture messages on Whatsapp but
then it goes much beyond in no time. It is one of the major reasons why
some married women cheat on their husband or partner.
6. Adultery is no more a shame
Adultery
is as old as the mankind and infidelity is as modern as the latest
mobile phone model. Unlike the more careful and self restrained women of
yester years, the women are not bothered about their neither image nor
are they concerned what others think about their cheating. They know
very well that an extra marital affair or more is not going to get them a
social boycott or disgrace in the society. They confidently do what
pleases their senses and is OK with their morality, even if it is called
infidelity.
Society may denounce it morally — but
people overlook it, time and again. We condemn it ethically — but often
quietly forgive it to be practical.
“Infidelity is the ultimate crime in a
marriage,” says Whitman private investigator. And yet there are stories
and gossips everywhere proving that the shame of stepping out has faded.
Public figures, famous professionals and celebrities bounce back
unscathed.
“Life is short. Let us have an affair”
seems to going well with everyone who gets a chance. Nobody would like
to miss a chance to have an extra marital affair.
7. Desire for emotional support and intimacy
Right or wrong, women having an extra
marital affair say that they do it for the emotional connection. They
want to bond with someone who is listening, caring and supportive at the
emotional level.
Gone are the days when the infidelity
carried a big social stigma. What is left now is only a mention about it
for gossip purposes. It is quite acceptable now. Over the years, there
have been huge societal shifts which have accepted women going out,
working, and having friendships across gender lines at the workplace.
The married woman spends more number of waking hours in the company of
male colleagues in the office than with her husband. Under these
circumstances, if she happens to find someone better than her husband
then it is bound to develop further into an extra marital affair.
8. Lust
All humans have desires and needs and
married women having physical needs are no exception. Secondly a woman
for one or the other reason may not be completely happy with her
partner. So if a woman happens to meet a man who has one or more of the
qualities of being smart, great conversationalist, rich, successful then
the probability is high that the woman will be lusting for him. The
bonding will happen fast if the man too has a roving eye and knows how
to pay the lady right compliments and strike the right cord.
Once again, this may have nothing to do with love between the husband and wife.
9. Show off
Some women have a complex and they want
to prove to the world by showing off that they are hot or very modern or
their company is very much sought after. Even if she has a good, caring
and loving husband but the lady is out to show that there are men
everywhere who are attracted to her.
10. Free help
Good society manners suggest that men
should offer women seat; open car door for them; offer their hand when
the lady is taking a flight of stairs, offer help to take the heavy bags
from them and so on. But some women take it too far. They think men can
be ‘used’ for many sundry purposes starting from driving them to point A
to point B; running errands for them; give them a company for grocery
shopping; taking them out for dinner or lunch and in return they don’t
mind having an affair.
The boyfriend may not be very handsome
or ideal for the long term but he is great for a good company for
afternoon grocery shopping or a visit to the hair stylist. It starts
with the thought, “I need someone to be around me all the time.”
It is a matter of simple give and take
and the women think that they have nothing to lose, rather they gain
from this kind of relationship.
11. Fostering a desire for Attention and Flattery
All women need attention but some women
need it all the time and more than others. So if there is a man who is
giving “the attention seeking woman” some extra attention and whispers
into her ears some sweet words of flattery the affair is bound to
happen, especially if the married woman does not mind having an affair.
All a smart man has to do is to spot
such a woman, care about her feelings and show his concern by asking
her, “Did you eat properly? Was the food to your liking? Are you OK?”
It is usual that after marriage, men
tend to get busier with their careers and as husbands take their wives
for granted. They don’t say “I love you” that often now. It was the same
man who was much more caring and concerned for her as a boyfriend. Now
if another man takes responsibility of looking after her, he is likely
to have her heart.
12. A need to feel sought after
As the marriage gets older, the mutual
attraction begins to fade away. The love birds become two wheels of a
cart called the family. The romantic emotions, physical attachment and
love etc. are replaced by a mechanical life full of roles and
responsibilities for both the partners. In their middle ages, many women
tend to feel unwanted and not praised by husband and kids. Enter a
colleague or a neighbor in the lady’s life who showers her with
compliments and affection. It suddenly feels like oasis in the desert,
especially for the sensitive women who are starved for praise,
compliments but get indifferent and bored looks from kids and husband.
Many women don’t mind exploring adult
dating websites and with it come scores of men who find them attractive
and sexually desirable. Through discreet extramarital affairs with new
partners women are able to revive and re-live their past when they were
found to be charming, beautiful and sexy.
13. Pressure of own or husband’s career prospects
This is the case where the woman will go
to any extent to move up and move fast in her career. She is willing to
give favours in return for fast promotion, plum postings, fat pay check
or a powerful position in the organisation. Sometimes the lady may be
doing it for her husband willingly or coerced by her husband. Either
way, the married woman is having an extra marital affair with the boss
but let the readers decide if she is cheating.
14. Influence of the company
Sarah who was born and brought up in a
small town, moved to a metropolis city after marriage. Her husband was
in sales and would normally travel for 3 days in a week. Rest of the
days he would work till late in the office. To get herself some company,
Sarah made some friends in the neighborhood. As the acquaintance
developed into friendship, her friends would invite her to parties. She
found that these ladies were quite liberal and modern in some ways. Each
one had many male friends and their level of intimacy was quite high.
Then one day Sarah met Mike – a tall,
handsome, gym chiseled body and Sarah could not resist. Now once every
fortnight, Sarah and Mike meet privately outside. They chose the day
when Sarah’s husband is travelling.
‘We have good time together and after
spending the night together, we go back to our families,’ tells Sarah.
She is not looking for a soul mate nor is she planning to divorce her
husband. She is only looking for physical release. She terms her
relationship and affair with Mike ‘Mind-blowing.’
15. Money and Establishing Safety Net
Wendy and her husband Andrew are married
for good 15 years now. They have lived in good houses, enjoyed many
vacations and had been having a great life style. Time just flew by.
With the change in the economic scenario and rapid advancement in
technology, Andrew is not very employable now. He has been without job 3
times in the last 2 years. This meant cut in their budget as well as
putting up with somewhat irritable nature of Andrew. It was around this
time when Wendy bumped into her college time class mate Brian. Wendy was
amazed to see Brian still so witty and full of life. Also he is so
successful in his business career. Brian also found Wendy so charming,
so well maintained, chirpy and full of life. It did not take long for
them to develop a relationship. This relationship was a matter of mutual
convenience and provided for the needs of both. Wendy found a rich man
who would take her out for classy dinners, shower her with expensive
gifts and pay attention to her blabbering. While Brian got the company
of a lady who was much smarter, beautiful and sexy than his wife who was
overweight, nagging and moody.
16. A need to feel wanted
This usually happens in the case of
ladies who have a short career such as modelling, acting etc. When
rising up or at the peak, everyone is around them and their beck and
call. People are there to tolerate their tantrums. But such ladies are
given cold shoulder the moment there is someone else more popular or
hotter. Psychologically it is an unbearable mental torture and very
painful. At this time some of the ladies don’t mind going in for
extramarital affair with a much younger male who is a new comer and
struggler who wants to establish himself in the industry. So hoping for
some recommendations, the young man don’t mind giving their ‘services’
in return.
To sum up
Why Women Cheat?
Top reasons most frequently quoted for female infidelity and having extra marital affair include:
In love with someone before marriage
Falling in love with someone else
To seek revenge.
Variety is the spice of life
Boredom
No fear of public opinion or criticism
Desire for emotional support and intimacy
This pertinently explains why married
women get enchanted by other men outside of their marriage. Not only
they have an extra marital affair but feel strongly pulled towards him.
Apparently there are gains by both the cheating partners – at least till
the relationship lasts. It is better in the interest of all and from a
long term point of view that there is no cheating. thanks http://greatlifezone.com/
தமிழகத்தில் குடிப்பழக்கத்தால் கணவனை இழந்து, மகனை இழந்து, அப்பாவை இழந்து
பல குடும்பங்கள் தவிக்கும் செய்திகளை நாம் பார்த்திருப்போம். சமீப காலமாக
தமிழகத்தை சீரழிக்கும் மதுபான கடைகளை நிரந்தரமாக மூட பல போராட்டங்கள்
நடந்து வருகின்றன.
இந்த சூழலில் இந்த குடிப்பழக்கத்தால் சமூக கலாச்சாரம் சீரழியும், குடும்ப
உறவை சிதைக்கும் சில சம்பவங்களும் நடப்பதாக ஒரு ஆய்வில் தெரியவந்துள்ளது.
சமீபத்தில் ஆல்கஹாலிக் அனானிமஸ் என்கிற அமைப்பு தமிழ்நாடு முழுவதும் ஒரு
ஆய்வை மேற்கொண்டனர்.
நாள் முழுவதும் குடித்து எந்த வேலைக்கும் செல்லாமல் வறுமையில் இருக்கும்
ஆண்களின் மனைவிகளில் 80 சதவீதம் பேர் தங்கள் மன அழுத்தம் அதிகமாகி உடல்
சுகத்திற்காக பிற ஆண்களை தேடி செல்வதாக அந்த ஆய்வில் கூறப்பட்டுள்ளது.
பணி செய்யும் இடத்திலும் இதுபோன்ற வற்புறுத்தலுக்கு அனுசரித்து போகின்றனர்.
குடும்பம் நடத்த வேண்டும், பிள்ளைகளை வளர்க்க வேண்டும், படிக்க வைக்க
வேண்டும், கணவனால் எந்த பயனும் இல்லை போன்ற காரணங்களால் பெண்கள் இத்தகைய
முடிவை எடுப்பதாக அந்த ஆய்வில் தெரியவந்துள்ளது.
2011ஆம் ஆண்டில் திரைக்கு வந்த பிரிட்டிஷ் திரைப்படம். 'My Week with
Marilyn.' 101 நிமிடங்கள். ஓடக் கூடிய இந்தத் திரைப்படத்தை இயக்கியவர்
Simon Curtis. உலக புகழ் பெற்ற திரைப்பட நடிகை மரிலின் மன்றோவை மையமாக
வைத்து உருவாக்கப்பட்ட அருமையான திரைப்படம் இது. Colin Clark என்பவர்
எழுதிய 'The Prince, The Showgirl and Me' என்ற நூலையும் 'My Week with
Marilyn' என்ற நூலையும் அடிப்படையாக வைத்து இப்படத்திற்கான திரைக்கதையை
மிகச் சிறப்பாக உருவாக்கியவர் Adrian Hodges. படத்திற்கு மிகப் பெரிய ப்ளஸ் பாயிண்டாக அமைந்தது Ben Smithardஇன் ஒளிப்பதிவு. மரிலின் மன்றோவாக படத்தில் உயிர்ப்புடன் வாழ்ந்து, நம்மை நூறு சதவிகிதம் ஆச்சரியத்தில் மூழ்கடித்தவர் Michelle Williams.
படம் முற்றிலும் முடிவடைந்தவுடன், முதல் முறையாக Newyork Film Festival
இல் திரையிடப்பட்டது. அதற்குப் பிறகு Mill Valley Film Festivalஇல்
திரையிடப்பட்டது. அருமையான நடிப்பிற்காக Michelle Williamsக்கு Golden
Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy Motion Picture என்ற
பிரிவில் விருது வழங்கப்பட்டது. ஆஸ்கார் விருதுக்காகவும் (Academy Awards),
British Academy Film Awardsக்காகவும் சிறந்த நடிகைக்கான விருதுக்காக
Michelle Williamsஇன் பெயர் சிபாரிசு செய்யப்பட்டது.
The year 1956 was a pivotal one in British
history, politically and culturally. The Suez crisis rocked the nation's
standing in the world, and Anthony Eden's authority as prime minister
began unravelling. Rock'n'roll established its grip on the pop charts,
while in the theatre, John Osborne's Look Back in Anger premiered at the Royal Court, effectively sweeping away generations of genteel, escapist British plays.
'It was the last of please and thank-yous, collars and ties, and
bobbies on the beat,' says Kenneth Branagh, whose new film bears witness
to this clash of generations and cultures. 'After this, haircuts were
longer, there was rock'n'roll and all the sex involved with it.
Politeness, manners, formality, dress codes – all those things were
being swept away.'
Against this
backdrop, Colin Clark, a young man of 23, talked himself into a lowly
job with Laurence Olivier's film production company. Clark was hired as
third assistant director (read 'gofer') on the film The Prince and the Showgirl,
shot at Pinewood Studios and starring Olivier, leading light of the
conservative British acting establishment, and Marilyn Monroe, then the
hottest star in Hollywood.
They had
separate agendas: Olivier wanted Monroe's formidable glamour to rub off
on him and rekindle his career in films, while she hoped working with
the multiple award- winning actor and director would bring her the
respect that she craved. As individuals, Olivier, then 49, and Monroe,
30, were chalk and cheese: he the rigorous, disciplined knight of the
realm with impeccable manners; she a mercurial refugee from Hollywood,
prone to mood swings, infuriatingly late on set, continually fluffing
her lines, and troubled by pills, booze and a new marriage (to the
eminent playwright Arthur Miller) that was already looking shaky.
Clark had the presence of mind to write a diary about his experiences
on the film, and chronicle this clash of egos and cultures. Clark, who
went on to make more than 100 arts documentaries and who died in 2002,
published his diaries, The Prince, the Showgirl and Me, to great
acclaim in 1995. He wrote about that fateful period with a delicious,
gossipy wit (Clark was the younger brother of another renowned diarist,
the late Alan Clark MP – bon vivant and flamboyant womaniser). He
offered a vivid account of the problems each day on the set seemed to
bring, and is at his best on the prickly relationship between Monroe and
Olivier (to whom he refers in shorthand as MM and SLO). 'MM doesn't
really forget her lines,' he wrote. 'It is more as if she had never
quite learnt them – as if they are pinned to her mental noticeboard so
loosely that the slightest puff of wind will send them floating to the
floor.'
