Vitamin D
Vitamin D is found in many dietary sources such as fish, eggs, fortified milk, and cod liver oil. The sun also contributes significantly to the daily production of vitamin D, and as little as 10 minutes of exposure is thought to be enough to prevent deficiencies. The term “vitamin D” refers to several different forms of this vitamin.
Two forms of Vitamin D are important in humans: ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Vitamin D2 is synthesized by plants. Vitamin D3 is synthesized by humans in the skin when it is exposed to ultraviolet-B (UVB) rays from sunlight. Foods may be fortified with vitamin D2 or D3.
Vitamin D Needs and Deficiency
The major biologic function of vitamin D is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium, helping to form and maintain strong bones. Recently, research also suggests vitamin D may provide protection from osteoporosis, hypertension (high blood pressure), cancer, and several autoimmune diseases.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium, which your bones need to grow. A lack of vitamin D can lead to bone diseases such as osteoporosis or rickets. Vitamin D also has a role in your nerve, muscle, and immune systems.
Vitamin D is measured as Serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D levels. A Serum Hydroxy vitamin D level of 10 ng/mL is low, a level of 15 ng/mL is adequate and a level of 200 ng/mL is potentially toxic
Rickets and osteomalacia are classic vitamin D deficiency diseases. In children, vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, which results in skeletal deformities. In adults, vitamin D deficiencycan lead to osteomalacia, which results in muscular weakness in addition to weak bones. Populations who may be at a high risk for vitamin D deficiencies include the elderly, obese individuals, exclusively breastfed infants, and those who have limited sun exposure. Also, individuals who have fat malabsorption syndromes (e.g., cystic fibrosis) or inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn’s disease) are at risk.
Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin which is created by sun exposure. Vitamin D deficiency symptoms are:
- depression
- chronic fatigue
- weight loss
- diabetes
- heart disease
- stroke
- osteoporosis
Vitamin D is known as sunshine vitamin because it is created in the body when it is exposed to sunlight. If you are a vegetarian you should know that this type of diet can be low in vitamin D because it is commonly found in foods such as egg yolk, fish, fish oil, some cheese, beef liver and some types of grain.
Vitamin D is of utmost importance for your body because its role is to help your body use the calcium and phosphorus from your food. It also regulates normal cellular differentiation thus preventing cancer and helps insulin secretion. Deficiency of this vitamin is related to rickets.
This is a disease which affects your bones. They don’t form properly because the calcium cannot be incorporated into them. So your bones lack minerals and that makes them fragile. This can cause serious skeletal deformities.
Causes of vitamin D deficiency can be different. Here are some of them:
You don’t consume recommended doses of this vitamin. In that case, change your diet. Start consuming foods that are rich in vitamin D. We have already mentioned the foods rich in vitamin D.
Limited exposure to sunlight can also be the cause. This is very easy to treat. Just go out more.
Your kidneys cannot change vitamin D into its active form. This comes with age. The older you get, the harder it becomes for your kidneys to do this process.
You are overweight. Vitamin D is absorbed by fat cells which can lead to low levels of vitamin D in your body. Lose some weight, because if you don’t, your bones will become more fragile.
If you have dark skin, you should be aware that melanin in your skin reduces skin’s ability to produce vitamin D. Take a vitamin D supplement.
Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms in Women
Vitamin D is very important for human body, regardless to age or sex, but here is something about vitamin D deficiency symptoms in women.
Vitamin D is crucial for many reasons, especially for women – according to some sources. It is suggested that vitamin D is very important when it comes to cancer prevention in women; the types of cancers we’re referring to are breast cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer and colon cancer. As you can see, some of these are particularly women issues.
Some of the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency can be seen in women only, like mood changes during premenstrual syndrome. Other mood related symptoms are depressive behavior and/or seasonal affective disorders. These claims are not yet officially accepted as true, but they certainly make sense. Also, in menopausal women, symptoms of vitamin D deficiency can be closely related to osteoporosis. When it comes to pregnant women, we already know how important vitamin D is for the fetus.
Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms in Children
Vitamin D plays an incredibly important role when it comes to growth and development. That is why you should know about the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency in children.
Here are some of the symptoms:
- muscle cramps (in babies)
- low calcium levels in blood
- difficulties in breathing and fragile bones (and skull) prone to fractures
If you notice that your child’s development is too slow and there is no any significant progress in growth, this may happen if the child isn’t getting enough vitamin D. Also if your child’s teeth are delaying and just won’t come out, the reason can be related to vitamin D deficiency.
There were severe cases of vitamin D deficiency in children reported; in those cases, certain heart problems occurred due to heart muscle weakness which endangered the lives of these children. Such cases are rare, but keep in mind that your child must get the right daily dose of vitamin D needed for his/her normal development.
How to Get Vitamin D
You can get vitamin D in three ways: through your skin, from your diet, and from supplements. Your body forms Vitamin D naturally after exposure to sunlight. However, too much sun exposure can lead to skin aging and skin cancer. So many people try to get their vitamin D from other sources. You need to get anywhere between 200IU to 600IU of Vitamin D a day with the amount increasing as we age.
Vitamin D-rich foods include egg yolks, saltwater fish, and liver. Some other foods, like milk and cereal, often have added vitamin D.
You can also take vitamin D supplements. Check with your health care provider to see how much you should take. People who might need extra vitamin D include
- Seniors
- Breastfed infant
- People with dark skin
- People with certain conditions, such as liver diseases, cystic fibrosis and Crohn’s disease
- People who are obese or have had gastric bypass surgery
Foods high in Vitamin D
Cod liver oil, 1 tablespoon | 1,360 |
Salmon (sockeye), cooked, 3 ounces | 794 |
Mackerel, cooked, 3 ounces | 388 |
Tuna fish, canned in water, 3 ounces | 154 |
Milk, nonfat, reduced fat, and whole | 115 |
Orange juice fortified with vitamin D, 1 cup | 100 |
Yogurt, fortified, 6 ounces | 80 |
Margarine, fortified, 1 tablespoon | 60 |
Sardines, canned in oil, drained, 2 sardines | 46 |
Liver, beef, cooked, 3.5 ounces | 46 |
Ready-to-eat cereal, fortified | 40 |
Egg, 1 whole (vitamin D is found in yolk) | 25 |
Cheese, Swiss, 1 ounce | 6 |
In a not very scientific survey I have personally found that many women are very deficient in Vitamin D. My wife and some of here friends have had to supplement a lot of Vitamin D just to try to catch up