The BDI was first introduced in 1961, and it has been revised several times since (Beck et al., 1988). The BDI has been widely used as an assessment instrument in gauging the intensity of depression in patients who meet clinical diagnostic criteria for depressive syndromes. However, the BDI has also found a place in research with normal populations, where the focus of use has been on detecting depression or depressive ideation.
The Beck Depression Inventory, or BDI, presents a person with 21 questions that gauge their level of depressive symptoms including:
- mood
- negative outlook
- feelings of guilt
- self-dislike
- social withdrawal
- difficulty functioning
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