amudu

Monday, February 22, 2016

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD 3D - | AUTOCAD 3D BASICS

Friday, February 19, 2016

யாழ்ப்பாணத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள ஊர்கள்

அச்சுவேலி
அராலி
அரியாலை
அளவெட்டி
ஆவரங்கால்
ஆனைக்கோட்டை
இணுவில்
இடைக்காடு
இருபாலை
இளவாலை
உடுவில்
உரும்பிராய்
ஊரெழு
ஏழாலை
கட்டுடை
கந்தர்மடம்
கந்தரோடை
கரந்தன்
கரையூர்
காங்கேசன்துறை
குப்பிளான்
குருநகர்
கீரிமலை
குரும்பசிட்டி
கொக்குவில்
கொல்லன்கலட்டி
கொழும்புத்துறை
கோண்டாவில்
கோப்பாய்
சங்கானை
சங்குவேலி
சண்டிலிப்பாய்
சித்தன்கேணி
சில்லாலை
சுண்டிக்குழி
சுதுமலை
சுழிபுரம்
சுன்னாகம்
தாவடி
திருநெல்வேலி
தெல்லிப்பழை
தொல்புரம்
நந்தாவில்
நல்லூர்
நவாலி
நாவாந்துறை
நாயன்மார்கட்டு
நீர்வேலி
நீராவியடி
பண்டத்தரிப்பு
பண்ணாகம்
பலாலி
பன்னாலை
பனிப்புலம்
பாசையூர்
புத்தூர்
புன்னாலைக்கட்டுவன்
பொன்னாலை
மல்லாகம்
மயிலிட்டி
மாசியப்பிட்டி
மாதகல்
மாவிட்டபுரம்
மானிப்பாய்
மூளாய்
யாழ்ப்பாண நகரம்
வசாவிளான்
வடலியடைப்பு
வட்டுக்கோட்டை
வண்ணார்பண்ணை
அந்தணன் திடல்
அறுகுவெளி
இடைக்குறிச்சி
உசன்
எழுதுமட்டுவாள்
ஒட்டுவெளி
கச்சாய்
கைதடி
கெருடாவில்
கேரதீவு
கொடிகாமம்
சரசாலை
சாவகச்சேரி
தச்சன்தோப்பு
நாவற்காடு
நாவற்குழி
நுணாவில்
பளை
மட்டுவில்
மந்துவில்
மறவன்புலவு
மிருசுவில்
மீசாலை
முகமாலை
வரணி
விடத்தல்
அம்பன்
அல்வாய்
ஆத்தியடி
ஆளியவளை
உடுத்துறை
உடுப்பிட்டி
உடையார்துறை
கட்டைக்காடு
கரணவாய்
கரவெட்டி
கம்பர்மலை
கற்கோவளம்
குடத்தனை
குடாரப்பு
கெருடாவில்
சுண்டிக்குளம்
செம்பியன்பற்று
வதிரி
வளலாய்
தும்பளை
துன்னாலை
தொண்டமனாறு
நல்லதண்ணித்தொடுவாய்
நாகர்கோயில்
நெல்லியடி
பருத்தித்துறை
புகலிடவனம்
புலோலி
பொலிகன்டி
மணல்காடு
மருதடிக்குளம்
முள்ளியான்
வண்ணான்குளம்
வல்லிபுரம்
வல்வெட்டித்துறை
வல்வெட்டி
வல்லை
வியாபாரிமூலை
வெற்றிலைக்கேணி
இறுப்பிட்டி
குறிகாட்டுவான்
பெருங்காடு
மடத்துவெளி
களபூமி
காரைநகர்
கோவளம்
தங்கோடை
அல்லைப்பிட்டி
ஊர்காவற்றுறை
கரம்பொன்
சரவணை
சுருவில்
நாரந்தனை
பரித்தியடைப்பு
புளியங்கூடல்
மண்கும்பான்
வேலணை
ஆலங்கேணி
களபூமி
காரைநகர்
குந்துவாடி
கோவளம்
சாமித்தோட்டமுனை
தங்கோடை
தீர்த்தக்கரை
நெடுந்தீவு
பெரியான்துறை
பூமுனை
மாவலித்துறை
வெள்ளை
எழுவைதீவு
நயினாதீவு
மண்டைதீவு
கோண்டாவில்
பொற்பதி
கல்வியங்காடு
கரவெட்டி
கூழவடி
அனலைதீவு
சிறுபிட்டி
வட்டுக்கோட்டை
அச்செழு
வறுத்தலைவிளான்
மடத்தடி
மல்லாகம்
நாவாந்துறை

Eight Great Films That Use Sound To Enhance Dramatic Effect

Sound in film can sometimes be seen as an afterthought; the final icing on the cake of a medium that is so visually driven. However, this is certainly not the case as many filmmakers and composers view music and sound as a much more integrated aspect of the film, one that can even play a huge role in the development of the drama as much as any visual element can.

Certainly the idea that combining different media to create a much more coherent and powerful medium is not a new concept, and can be seen back as far as the opera of composers such as Handel Mozart, who combined music, drama and word to create what was then a new artistic medium.

However it was in the late 19th century with the music dramas of Richard Wagner that really started taking the idea of a combination of different art forms to a new level. This inevitable progressed into the film world many years later, composers such as Max Steiner used aspects of Wagner’s compositional style in their film scores.

As this list discusses, there are more ways that sound can contribute to the drama of the film outside the idea of a soundtrack, which is really where directors started to think about sound and integrate it into film in many ways to challenge the visual medium.

Here are eight films that use sound and music in ways that work with (or against) the visual to add another layer to the drama of the story.

1. Pi (1998)

Darren Aronofsky’s 1998 debut Pi brings the audience into the schizophrenic world of Max Cohen (Sean Gullette), a number theorist who uses numbers to try and understand the world around him. Whilst using his computer to predict the stock market trends, it prints out a mysterious 216 digit number. Although initially skeptical, Max believes that this number is the key to understanding nature and our existence.

The film follows Max as he tries to evade a menacing Wall Street firm who believe the number can be used to predict the stock markets and a religious organisation who believe the number to be the unspoken name of god.

A low budget and surrealist styled film, Pi is a frightening and vivid experience for the audience that uses the relationship between sound and the visual to its advantage. In particular to this film, sound is used to allow the audience to transcend into Max’s world and experience the surroundings from his perspective.One such scene that really showcases Pi’s use of sound to heighten our relationship with Max occurs around the 52 minute mark. After a failed attempt at a calculation on his computer, Max suffers from a cluster headache. The following scene artfully blends digetic and non digetic sound to create an uneasy and chaotic experience for the viewer.The trigger for Max’s headache comes from hearing a sexual encounter from next door, although it is unclear whether this sound is actually coming from Max’s own head (meta-digetic) or is actually an off screen real sound.A shrill drill sound can also be heard which is a noise that we are to interpret as within Max’s own head. This sound combined with the ambiguous sexual noises and the pained cries of Max create an uneasy, schizophrenic and distressing experience for the viewer and really allow us to understand the characters paranoid world.This combined with a fantastic performance from Sean Gullette and some great editing of the visual powerfully carries the sense of discord to the audience, creating an emotional response that would not be achievable without both media being executed simultaneously.

2. Antichrist (2009)

Perhaps one of Lars Von Tier’s most disturbing films, Antichrist is a fascinating movie that explores concepts of sexuality, human suffering, depression and mental illness. Perhaps sometimes overlooked due to its graphic sexual nature alongside its infamous ‘scissors’ scene, Antichrist is an artfully created and multi layered film that confronts many unsettling aspects of human behaviour.Containing a fantastic soundscape created by composer Kristian Eidnes Andersen, the soundtrack relies heavily on prolonged eerie silences combined with burst of distressing sound design which add to the films disconcerting nature. However it is the first scene in which the sound and visual relationship is perhaps at its most interesting.Shot in black and white, the opening scene is a stark contrast between the beauty of love and the anguish of death. This is achieved visually by capturing the passionate love making of protagonists He and She (Willem Dafoe and Charlotte Gainsbourg) woven between shots that portray the horrific accidental death of their child unfolding.Sonically, we have the beautiful aria Lascia ch’io pianga by George Frederic Handel from his 1711 opera Rinaldo being performed. A delicate, beautiful and moving piece of music that tonally suggests feelings of love, beauty and calmness. This corresponds with the use of its musical key signature F Major, which 18th century composers associated with calmness and clarity.The resulting audio visual juxtaposition creates a unique dramatic affect for the viewer, in which their senses are being toyed with by Von Tier. Visually, we are witnessing moments of beauty intertwined with the unfolding of a horrific accident, whilst sonically we are hearing this beautiful calming music that is only in tone emotionally with one of the visual events we are seeing.This creates a sense of emotional confusion to the audience as the music and visual are not working together to convey the same emotion, but almost working against each other conveying contrasting feelings to the audience.

3. Psycho (1960)

Alfred Hitchcock’s 1960 classic Psycho is a landmark film in the world of horror cinema whose many infamous scenes have inspired countless of filmmakers.The movie follows the story of runaway secretary Marion Crane (Janet Leigh) who steals a lump sum of money from her employer and whilst running away, ends up checking into Bates Motel, which proves to be a fateful decision. Ran by Norman Bates (Anthony Perkins) and Mother, the infamous twist at the end of the movie remains a pivotal point in modern cinema.What is interesting about the sound in Psycho is the fact that the overbearing character presence of Mother is portrayed completely by sound, with no physical visual of the character attached to this sound. This poses quite an interesting scenario for the viewer, who for the main duration of the film is lead to believe that Mother is in fact a real and physical character until the reveal at the end of the movie.When we learn that Mother is in fact an illusion in Norman’s mind, we view many scenes in a different light when analysing the sound and visual relationship. For instance, when Marion first arrives at the motel and is invited to eat with Norman in the house, Mother’s voice can be heard arguing and disciplining Norman for inviting another woman into her house.With no physical manifestation of Mother onscreen, this character is entirely performed from the use of sound, used in such a way that gives the character of Mother an almost all seeing/knowing element that adds to the suspense of the movie. The term for this type of use of voice in film is acousmêtre; a term coined by film theorist Michael Chion.Not only does this give the character an almost omniscience role, it achieves a layer of suspense to the drama that in the case of Physco has the power to completely change our response to the drama upon first viewing and further viewings once the twist is known.The voice of Mother also blurs the lines between being a non-digetic and meta-digetic sound in the final scene, where we are hearing Mother’s voice from the inner thoughts of Norman for the first time, transcending from its previous manifestation as an all powerful and dominating presence to that of the inner ramblings of a psychotic murderer.

4. Apocalypse Now (1979)

Francis Ford Coppola’s pivotal war masterpiece brings the viewer on a dramatic journey through the Vietnam war from the perspective of an American platoon. Boasting an incredible cast and powerful story, this film is a must see for any cinema fan. As with all Coppola films, Apocalypse Now employs a great use of cinematography combine with great sound choices that strengthen the story telling power of the film.Sound designer Walter Murch worked with Coppola to combine an unique sound design into the film making process to create a sonically and visually stunning work.Even from the opening sequence, the importance of the relationship between the sound and visual is clear. Fading out of a blank shot, Murch expertly creates a sound scape that suggests the image of a helicopter by integrating the pulse of a helicopters blades into the Doors track “This is the End”.This enhances the lucid dream like sequence of Captain Willard (Martin Sheehan), integrating shots of the fan in his room with suggested sounds of helicopter activity outside the hotel room, but ultimately confusing the viewer as to the source of this sound.However it is perhaps the most famous scene from this film that is a multi-layered sound and visual experience that combine to enhance the layers of drama for the viewer. With Richard Wagner’s composition The Ride of the Valkyries being played as a digetic sound over shots of the american soldiers flying to attack an innocent Vietnamese village. The music sounds menacing and has perhaps associated this particular piece with a negative association in cinema since its use in Apocalypse.In the scene, Captain Killgor (Robert Duvall) acknowledges the menacing sound of Valkyries by asking his soldiers to turn it on by saying; “It will scare the hell out of the slopes – my boys love it!”. The use of the music here adds a particular satirical feel to the scene, perhaps suggesting the disregard that the soldiers have for the life of the innocents they are firing on.However, the epic and grand sound of the music as is so often associated with Wagner also contributes an element of power and force to the fleet of helicopters as they swarm over the sea preparing for the attack.Again this is an example of music being used in a suggestive sense to bring out more emotions of a scene than just that of what the visual is portraying. This is an important and effective use of sound as it allows for many more conceptual layers to be added to the film, which provides the viewer with a deeper level of drama to grasp on to.

5. Atonement (2007)

This beautiful Joe Wright WW1 drama follows the story of lovers Robbie Turner (James McEvoy) and Cecilia Tallis (Ciara Knightly), whose lives are thrown off course due to the unfortunate misunderstanding of younger sister Briony Tallis (Saoirse Ronan) who falsely accuses Robbie of committing a crime.

The repercussions of this accusation separates the couple and follows the life of Robbie as he enlists to fight the war to end his prison sentence whilst Cecilia volunteers as a Nurse to help the war effort.

When we reach the end of the film we discover that what we have been watching was the retelling of the story through the eyes of a much older and remorseful Briony, who in fact had changed the reality of what actually unfolded in the years following the accusation into fiction, to allow her sister and Robbie to have the happy ending they always hoped for.

Throughout the film, the excellent sound design delivers clues sonically to the audience that suggest that the story might not be as it seems, mainly by form of the sound of a typewriter – the author’s tool. A key element of the score and dramatic plot itself, the film opens with the sound of someone using a typewriter, which is revealed to be a young 13 year old Briony finishing a play.

Interestingly however, as Briony rushes through the house to announce the completion of her play, the typewriter becomes a non digetic sound and integrates itself as a prominent feature of the musical scoring. This musical infusion of scoring and typewriter sound appears throughout the film sparsely, but always during peak moments in the story.

Again, this musically integrated typewriter sound can be heard during Briony’s false confession to the police, and again when we are brought back into the world of Briony as a young woman nursing during the war. These sonic additions add to the twist of the film, and can be interpreted as sonic clues that add another layer of drama to the audience; acting as sonic reminder that we are in fact witnessing the telling of Briony’s fictional novel as opposed to the actual documentation of events.

Of course this can only be interpreted as such upon second viewing of the film, but once the reveal at the end is known, it becomes apparent that the inclusion of the sound of the typewriter has quite an important role in the story, as opposed to simply being aesthetic.

6. Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014)

Alejandro G. Iñárritu’s 2014 story of a failed actors attempt to reinvent himself is a beautifully shot film, with an edgy and frantic feel about the cinematography and soundtrack throughout. Consisting of a soundtrack primarily performed on drums, the music adds to a schizophrenic performance by Michael Keaton. However, one scene in the film employs the use of an excerpt of Symphony No. 2 in E minor Op. 27 by Sergei Rachmaninoff.

This scene is very interesting sonically as the film really come out of the world of realism realm of scene which is not in tone with the rest of the movie. In this scene Riggan Thompson (Keaton) leaps off a building which has strong undertones of a suicidal attempt, but instead of falling flies through the air imitating his only role that he became famous for, the Birdman.

Before he takes the leap, Riggan says the word “Music”, which cues the start of the Rachmaninoff. Already this gives the scene an element of fantasy, surrealism and allows us to understand that we are now in the characters universe.

The Symphony used for this scene is uplifting, empowering and follows the journey of Riggan as he flies through the city, eventually landing outside the theatre where he points at an usher and asks him to “Stop the music”, which again cues an abrupt stop of the Symphony.

What is interesting here is the usher’s reaction to this is one of confusion, which suggests the viewer that this entire sequence was a fantasy, dream sequence that Riggan imagined in his head. Furthermore to suggest this, as Riggan enters the theatre a taxi driver who drove him to the theatre follows him demanding his fair.

This is important within the context of this scene, as it alludes to the mental state that the character is currently in at this point of the movie. From the outset of the film it is clear that Riggan suffers from some schizophrenic tendencies, and this event at this section of the story alludes to the idea that his mental state has deteriorated substantially since the start of the film.

Again as in Pi (1998) this could be defined as a meta digetic sound that allows us into the world of the character, allowing us to see from their perspective which in this case is one of mental instability and delusion.

A subtle but incredibly useful approach that is a great example of music being used as a tool to enhance the dramatic element in a way that the visual medium could not achieve on its own.

7. Jaws (1975)

Steven Spielberg’s 1975’s shark thriller is a classic example of a film that utilises music and sound to enhance the drama for the audience. Possibly one of the most well-known musical motifs of all time, John Williams two note shark motif has become as infamous as the film itself.

The technique employed by Williams is called a leitmotif, where a specific musical phrase is designated to a specific character. The history of the use of leitmotif’s goes back to the operas of Richard Wagner, who was the first composer to conceive the idea and designate specific musical motif’s to represent characters. Early film composers such as Max Steiner started integrating the technique into their work in film and its popularity grew from there.

What is great about the use of leitmotif is that the character in question can be suggested by the music without having to appear on screen. This gives the director the opportunity to suggest the presence of the character, or even insinuate the characters involvement in an event without the character being visually present.

In the case of Jaws, Spielberg and Williams more often than not use the leitmotif to great effect, to the extent that the foreboding music is almost as much of a character as the actual shark itself. The nature of the music suggests the presence of a hunter, quickening pace as it closes in on its prey which t times in the film is all that is needed to portray the terrifying lead up to a shark attack.

One such scene occurs 25 mins into the film, where a fisherman falls into the water due to the shark dislodging a part of the pier he is standing on. While we do not see the shark in the following frenzied attempts of the fisherman to escape from the water, the music suggests the frantic and frightening presence of the shark who is getting closer to the potential victim.

Fortunately, he escapes unharmed, but this scene executes the power of the leitmotif flawlessly, creating a sense of the shark hunting down its victim without the shark being visually present.

This scene artfully uses the idea of the leitmotif to suggest a character of the film without having to show the character onscreen. The sonic representation of the character is as strong as a visual shot, and in this case particularly the music moves in such a way that suggests a victim being hunter by a predator, which ultimately succeeds in achieving a frightening scene using only a musical reference to the character.

8. American Psycho (2000)

Christian Bale’s stellar performance as Patrick Bateman in Mary’s Harron’s American Psycho is a fascinating look into the mindset of a serial killer. Shot with a dark sense of humour, the film is an interesting twist one the traditional serial killer style film. The following scene is a perfect example of this dark humour, and use of music to carry this black humour across.

The scene in question is the famous Huey Lewis and the News murder scene where Bateman invites Paul Allen (Jared Leto) back to his apartment for a quick drink with side of murder.

In the lead up to the killing, Bateman talks in great depth to Paul about his love of Huey Lewis and the News, eventually putting on his personal favourite track ‘You don’t have to be hip to be a square’ through his sound system. Suddenly, he attacks a drunken Paul with an axe, chopping away at his body while the upbeat sounding music continues to play.

Quite a famous scene due to its use of that particular song, the music brings a certain irony and satirical feel to what could have otherwise been a horrific and sadistic scene. Think about it, if Bateman had killed Allen to the soundtrack of Bernard Herrmann’s strings from Psycho’s shower murder, this scene would have a completely different feel and impact on the viewer. Instead it provokes feelings of unease and a sensory confusion.

While the viewer’s ears are being treated to a funky and upbeat song that one would associate with feelings of joy and happiness, their eyes are witnessing a horrifically brutal and aggressive act being committed onto a human being.

This creates a juxtaposition between the visual and the aural, which challenges the viewer’s interpretation and emotional response to the scene. Ultimately, it makes for a much more memorable and stand out scene that defies the expectant norms usually associated with scenes of brutal murder.

Author Bio: Joey Ryan currently resides in Cork city, Ireland. He is a recent graduate of a Masters in Music and Cultural History degree and has a keen interest in the relationship between sound and the visual.

Read more: http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2016/8-great-movies-that-use-sound-to-enhance-dramatic-effect/2/#ixzz40ZcsFZkd

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Thursday, February 18, 2016

Which sort of Exercise enhances Neurogenesis the Most? EXERCISE and NEUROGENESIS:

Exercise augments adult neurogenesis, which is the creation of new brain cells in an already mature brain.

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a continuous process through which cells proliferate in thesubgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, mature into granule cells, and ultimately become incorporated into hippocampal neuronal networks [ .
In this new study, researchers gathered a large group of adult male rats. They injected the rats with a substance that marks new brain cells and then set groups of them to an array of different workouts of the sort that humans might experience, with one group remaining sedentary to serve as controls.

http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/…/which-type-of-exercise-is…/…

In rodents,adult-born hippocampal neurons seem crucial for a variety of adaptive behaviors such as learning pattern separation , and responses to stress Aerobic exercise, e.g. running, increases AHN and improves cognitive performance in both male and female adult rodents

The increase in AHN in response to running is reported to be in part due to an increase in the number of surviving neuronal precursor cells (type 2) rather than tothe shortening of the cell cycle .

There are also studies indicating that running increases the survival and incorporation of newly divided hippocampal cells,born days before commencing training, to increase net neurogenesis

Aerobic exercise, such as running, has positive effects on brain structure and function, for example, adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and learning.

Whether high-intensity interval training (HIT), referring to alternating short bouts of very intense anaerobic exercise with recovery periods, or anaerobic resistance training (RT) has similar effects on AHN is unclear

http://journal.frontiersin.org/…/10.3…/fnins.2015.00071/full

Those rats that had jogged on wheels showed robust levels of neurogenesis. Their hippocampal tissue teemed with new neurons, far more than in the brains of the sedentary animals. The greater the distance that a runner had covered during the experiment, the more new cells its brain now contained.

In addition to hippocampus, exercise also increases adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and in the hypothalamus suggesting that the neurogenic effect of exercise might span throughout the brain.

This is not surprising because the subventricular zone is where the stem cells that must provide the progenitors mostly originate and then they migrate to various other areas of the brain

There were far fewer new neurons in the brains of the animals that had completed high-intensity interval training. They showed somewhat higher amounts than in the sedentary animals but far less than in the distance runners.

And the weight-training rats, although they were much stronger at the end of the experiment than they had been at the start, showed no discernible augmentation of neurogenesis. Their hippocampal tissue looked just like that of the animals that had not exercised at all.

The increase in AHN is considered to be mediated by an up-regulation of factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-likegrowth factor 1 (IGF-1) Dr. Nokia and her colleagues speculate that distance running stimulates the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is known to regulate neurogenesis. The more miles an animal runs, the more B.D.N.F. it produces.

The link to the research publication is here:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/JP271552/abstract

How they did their study is fascinating as well:

Some of the animals were given running wheels in their cages, allowing them to run at will. Most jogged moderately every day for several miles, although individual mileage varied.

Others began resistance training, which for rats involves climbing a wall with tiny weights attached to their tails.

Still others took up the rodent equivalent of high-intensity interval training. For this regimen, the animals were placed on little treadmills and required to sprint at a very rapid and strenuous pace for three minutes, followed by two minutes of slow skittering, with the entire sequence repeated twice more, for a total of 15 minutes of running.

These routines continued for seven weeks, after which the researchers microscopically examined brain tissue from the hippocampus of each animal.

The data also indicate highest numbers of adult-born hippocampal neurons in rats selectively bred for a high response to aerobic exercise that ran voluntarily on running wheels. That is, AHN is highest in animals born with a tendency for a higher response to exercise training and that engage in a high amount of voluntary aerobic activity.

The digital restoration of the Sphinx who represented the Pharaoh Khafre from the 4th dynasty

Though Khafre's pyramid is shorter than his father Khufu's nearby Great Pyramid, Khafre made up for it by building at a higher elevation and surrounding his pyramid with a more elaborate complex.

Within the burial chamber, explorers discovered a small pit cut in the floor—perhaps designed to hold the first canopic chest in a pyramid. Canopic chests held jars carved in the shapes of protective spirits. These jars, in turn, held the preserved liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines of the deceased. The brain would have been discarded, and the heart left in the body.

Outside the pyramid all the typical elements of a pharaonic mortuary temple are seen in one place for the first time: entrance hall, colonnaded courtyard, niches for royal statuary, storage chambers, and interior sanctuary. Later pyramids would be significantly smaller, with greater emphasis on these mortuary temples.

Khafre's necropolis also boasted an unprecedented profusion of statues, among them the Sphinx. Carved from bedrock in front of Khafre's pyramid, the Sphinx depicts the pharaoh as a human-headed lion, wearing the headdress of the pharaohs. The great statue is the embodiment of Khafre, the third ruler of the 4th dynasty (time line), as the god Horus.

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pyramids/khafre.html

Clay bowl with a swastika from Vratsa Altimir village located in North-West Bulgaria, dating from 5 to 4 th millennium BC. (the Chalcolithic Age).

தந்தை

1. தந்தைக்கு முன்பு குரலை உயர்த்தாதீர்..!
அவ்வாறு செய்தால் இறைவன் உங்களை தாழ்த்தி விடுவான்..
*
2. தந்தையின் கண்டிப்பை பொருத்து கொள்ளுங்கள்..!
அதனால் உங்களுக்கு மரியாதை கிடைக்கும்....
*
3. தந்தைக்கு மரியாதை செய்யுங்கள்..!
அதனால் உங்கள் பிள்ளைகள் உங்களுக்கு மரியாதை செய்யக்கூடும்..!
*
4. தந்தை சொல்வதை கவனமாக கேளுங்கள்..!
ஏனென்றால் பிறர் நமக்கு ஏதும் சொல்லும் நிலமை வரக் கூடாது..?
*
5.தந்தைக்கு முன்பு பார்வையை தாழ்த்தி கொள்ளுங்கள்..!
அதனால் இறைவன் மக்கள் பார்வைக்கு முன்பு உயர்ந்த கண்ணியம் அளிப்பான்..!
*
6. தந்தையின் வாழ்க்கை அனுபவங்கள் நமக்கு தெளிவான ஒரு புத்தகம் ஆகும்..!
அந்த ஒவ்வொரு பக்கத்தைக் கொண்டு (பாடமாக) பயன் அடைந்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள்..
*
*
* தந்தை என்பவர், அனைவரையும் விட, மிக சிறந்த முறையில், நமக்கு நன்மை செய்யக்கூடியவர்...
* மிகவும் அழகாக முறையில் நம்மை பாதுகாக்க கூடியவர் ஆவார்...

* அவரின் மரணத்திற்கு முன்பே அவருக்கு மரியாதை செய்வோம்...
* அவருக்கு செய்ய வேண்டிய கடமைகளில், குறை வைத்து விட வேண்டாம்
அவர் உன்னுடைய அருகில்
இருக்கும்போது அவர் உடைய
அருமைஉனக்கு தெரியபோவதுமில்லை

தாய் வயிற்றில் இருக்கும்போது கிடைத்த முத்தம்!
முதன் முதலாக உனக்கு வாங்கித் தந்த புத்தகம்!
இதை விட வேற என்ன பெரியதாக கிடைத்து விட போகிறது
உனக்கு, உன் தந்தையிடமிருந்து!!!

வீசும் காற்றாய் உணர்கிறேன்
என்றும் உன்னை பார்கிறேன்

நெஞ்சில் கொண்ட உறவோ - இது
இமைகள் ஈரம் கொட்டும் இரவோ

இறைவா உந்தன் நியாயம்தானோ
என் தந்தை கொண்ட விதியோ

நின்றுபோன தென்றலாய் – உறக்கம்
கொள்கிறாய் இந்த மண்ணிலே

மீண்டும் இங்கு வருவாயோ - எங்கள்
இழப்பை மீட்டுத்தருவாயோ ...

விடியலை தொலைத்து விட்டோம் - இனி
இரவுகள் மட்டுமே பயணமாகுமே

வர்ணமில்லா ஓவியம் – உன்னை
யார் கிழித்து போட்டது

இதயம் இன்று வலிக்குது – என்ன
பதில் சொல்ல கேட்குது

கைபிடித்து உன்னோடு நடந்த வழிகளின்
தூரம் இன்னும் முடியவில்லையே

வழிநிறுத்தி வலிகளை தந்துவிட்டு
எழமுடியா உறக்கம் காண்கிறாயே

பள்ளிசென்ற காலங்கள் - என்னோடு
பக்கம் நீயருந்த தருணங்களும்

உருக்கத்தோடு நீ பகிர்ந்த – உன்
வாழ்க்கை பயணத்தின் சுவடுகளை

எண்ணிக்கொண்டிருக்கிறேன் தனிமையில்
கலங்கிகொண்டிருக்கிறது எனது விழிகள்

தவிக்கிறேன் தந்தையின்றி - இறைவா
நீ இல்லாமல் போனாயோ

நினைவுகளை மட்டும் கொடுத்துவிடு
என்னோடு நீங்காமல் இருக்கட்டும் .....

என்னைவிட்டு நெடுந்தூரம் சென்ற என் தந்தைக்கு சமர்ப்பணம்

தெரிந்து கொள்வோம் நண்பர்களே,

01. ஒரு போதும் மலராத பூ -
அத்திப்பூ
02. வேர் இல்லாத தாவரம் - இலுப்பை
03. உலகில் வறுமையான நாடு -
ருவாண்டா
04. விவாகரத்து செய்யமுடியாத
நாடு - அயர்லாந்து
05. ஜப்பான் தீவுகளின் எண்ணிக்கை -
4
06. ஆட்சி மாற்றம் இல்லாத நாடு -
மெச்சிக்கோ
07. அந்தமான் தீவுகளின்
எண்ணிக்கை - 204
08. உலகில் மிக அதிகமாக
மின்னலால் பாதிக்கப்படும் நாடு –
பனாமா
09. உலகில் மின் தடை இல்லாத
நாடு - குவைத்
10. மூன்று அடிப்படை நிறங்கள் -
சிவப்பு , மஞ்சள் , நீலம்
11. 365 நாட்கள் கொண்ட
ஆண்டு முறையை ஏற்படுத்தியவர் -
வாழசவா
12. உலோக நாணயங்கள் புழக்கத்தில்
இல்லாத நாடு - பராகுவே
(தென்அமெரிக்கா )
13.
பூச்சியத்தை உலகிற்கு அறிமுகப்படுத்தி
ய நாடு - இந்தியா
14. சத்தில்லாத உணவு - நீர்
15. கலப்படம் செய்யமுடியாத
உணவுப்பொருள் - கோழிமுட்டை
16. பசுமைப்புரட்சி ஏற்பட்ட வருடம் -
1960 தாயகம் - மெச்சிக்கோ
17. அமெரிக்க பசுமைப் புரட்சியின்
பிறப்பிடம் - பொஸ்டன்
18. உலகில் மிக பிரபலமான
பொழுதுபோக்கு - தபால்
தலை சேகரிப்பு
19. சுத்தமான தங்கத்தின் கரட் - 24கரட்
20. கடல் நீர் நீலமாக இருக்கும்
அளவு - 10 அட

Muslim women now seek entry into Haji Ali dargah

Professor of Islamic studies Zeenat Shaukat Ali, who was one of the protestors, said that it was 'male patriarchy', not religion, which was imposing restrictions on women.

"I am an Islamic scholar and nowhere in Islam is it said that women cannot go to graveyards. This is the dictum of the prophet. When Islam has not excluded women, then why should male patriarchy dominate. Male patriarchy is dominating the Hindus, Male patriarchy is dominating the Muslims," she said.

"The Empowerment of Women in Islam" (a revised edition of the earlier book, "Marriage and Divorce in Islam") demon-strates the Qur'an's address to some of the more flagrant gender inequities of the pre-Islamic period. On the basis of the Quranic thesis, henceforth, new regulations dispelled older disabilities. The work further reveals that such disparity has evolved greatly as an artifact of the preferences and actions of patriarchal authorities after the Prophet Muhammad's demise. These have, however, been challenged by modernists, ,including a number of nineteenth and twentieth-century political leaders, government bureaucrats, intellectuals, leaders of women's movements and some jurists who believe that such categorical claims cannot be supported by Islam.

Closely examining women's issues, particularly those relating to the legal understanding of marriage-divorce, this work discloses the effort within Muslim societies to reform family law through the doctrine of ijtehad (creative reinterpretation) are other juristic means.

This work further through a methodological and historical investigation demonstrates the equality between women and men granted by the Qur'an exposing the androcentric readings that have created a patriarchal construction of Islam which pre-suppose the relation of dominance and submission. It is such that sustain the ethnicity of the pre-Islamic Arabs perspectives. The Qur'an on the contrary reveals the post-patriarchal view.

In recent times Muslim women as independent agents have consistently tried to redefine their own lives as women, countering patriarchal hegemony and striving for more egalitarian gender arrangements in families, communities, and nations.

The central concern of this study is the conflict in the old pre-industrial feudal structures and the post-modern era. Although Islam was able to disseminate an urban culture within a nomadic environment and asserted a universal claim that it was not confined to any particular ethnic group, yet at some point of its historical development, pre-Islamic ethos prevailed. This is where women's roles were carved in conjunction with dominating patriarchal system and gradually lost both space and authority.

In the course Muslim women insisted on the equality of women and men as citizens in the public sphere and complementarity of roles in the family sphere. Feminist* thinking consequently emerged in Muslim societies undergoing post-industrialization, urban expansion, modern state formation, national independence movements, and democratization. Highly visible independent organized movements surfaced in some countries only after national independence or the consolidation of modern nation-states permitting free expression.

*By Feminism, I mean the right of women to autonomy, democracy and dignity: a condition where both sexes enjoy equal opportunities and mutual self-respect. It does not, for me, constitute a militant stand against men.

DR. ZEENAT SHAUKAT ALT has been awarded a Ph.D. degree in Islamic Studies (1984) by the University of Bombay. She pursued her course of studies for the Bachelor as well as her Master's Degree through St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. Some of her chief interests comprise in religious, legal, and philosophical thought. The nourishment for religious thought was provided by her involvement with Quranic Studies which she seriously pursued from the age of sixteen. The Quran not only literally introduced her to all religions of the world but taught her to respect them all. It also revealed to her that all human beings are born with a free spirit to choose their path —as the Quran says, "Let there be no compulsion in religion, Truth stands clear from Error". (H.Q. 2:256) At present her designation is Professor, Islamic Studies, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. Her published works include: Book entitled "Marriage and Divorce in Islam" 1987 (Released by Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma — June 1987) and various articles published in important journals, magazines and newspapers. She is attached to several prestigious organizations and has attended and participated in some important seminars, concerning Muslim women, nationally and internationally. Some of these have been held at Aligarh, Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai, Calcutta, Baghdad, New York (United Nations), San Francisco, U.S.A., Pakistan, Bangkok and Oxford. She has also won National and International acclaim.

Comments of Eminent Personalities

"The author in her book seeks to knock on the doors of Islamic Jurisprudence to secure gender justice for Muslim Women. It is path breaking in the sense that it is a bold endeavour to show how social reform can be introduced in Muslim Society through traditional strategies .... It is a well-researched and thought provoking work revealing deep insight into Islamic history and tradition .... It will raise a healthy debate and I whole-heartedly commend the book to the readers".

Justice A. M. Ahmadi

Chief Justice, Supreme Court of India

"This is a treatise of Marriage and Divorce in Islam .. . for the understanding of the ethical bases of the rules on these two subjects, this book will prove a treasury of information. Written in a scholarly way it will illumine these difficult subjects alike for lawyers, teachers and students. I whole-heartedly commend the book."

(M. Hidayatullah)

Former Chief Justice and Vice President of India

"Dr. Zeenat Shaukat Ali .... is a known protagonist of the cause of Muslim women in India ......"

Dr. B. N. Pande

Vice Chairman, Gandhi Smriti & Darshan Smriti & Former Governor of Orissa

Sunday, February 14, 2016

For the perusal of Muslims

Muhammad allowed his SEX HUNGRY soldiers to have sex with female captives of battle without doing AL AZL ( coittus interreptus ) .
Muhammad told them = wheather you do AL AZL or not , the soul which is predestined to take birth ( till last day ) will definitly take birth .

Inference = if allah has destined muslim soldier to be FATHER of the child through the womb of female captive then no amount of PRE CAUTION can prevent the Pregnancy of the female captive . so it is better NOT TO do AL AZL . instead discharge into the VAGINA and enjoy .

AL AZL = coitus interreptus ( discharging outside vagina ) .

Muslim soldiers were thinking about doing AL AZL so that the female captives dont get PREGNANT so as to SELL them off as SLAVES to Buyers .
Because PREGNANT female captives cannot be sold as slaves .
this is How Muslim soldiers were weighing 2 OPTIONS
sex enjoyment by discharging inside vagina VIS A VIS MONEY to be earned by selling female captives as slaves .

Muhammad dispelled their Confusion by advicing them to enjoy sex without worrying over their "Pregancy ". if allah is willing then they will get Pregnant even if AL AZL is practiced BUT if allah is not willing then they will NOT get Pregnant even if AL AZL is not practiced .

NOTE = Muhammad didnot order muslim soldiers to 1st MARRY the female captives before entertaining thoughts of enjoying sex with them .

References = www.searchtruth.com/hadith_books.php
sahih Muslim hadiths , chapter 8 = Kitab ul Niqah
English Translater = Abdul Hamid Siddiqui .

242 hadith found in 'The Book of Marriage (Kitab Al-Nikah)' of Sahih Muslim.
3371

Abu Sirma said to Abu Sa'id al Khadri (Allah he pleased with him): 0 Abu Sa'id, did you hear Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) mentioning al-'azl? He said: Yes, and added: We went out with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) on the expedition to the Bi'l-Mustaliq and took captive some excellent Arab women; and we desired them, for we were suffering from the absence of our wives, (but at the same time) we also desired ransom for them. So we decided to have sexual intercourse with them but by observing 'azl (Withdrawing the male sexual organ before emission of semen to avoid-conception). But we said: We are doing an act whereas Allah's Messenger is amongst us; why not ask him? So we asked Allah's Mes- senger (may peace be upon him), and he said: It does not matter if you do not do it, for every soul that is to be born up to the Day of Resurrection will be born.

3372

A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Habban with the same chain of transmitters (but with this alteration) that he said:" Allah has ordained whom he has to createuntil the Day of judgment."

3373

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) reported: We took women captives, and we wanted to do 'azl with them. We then asked Allah's Messen- ger (may peace be upon him) about it, and he said to us: Verily you do it, verily you do it, verily you do it, but the soul which has to be born until the Day of judg- ment must be born.

3374

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) (was asked if he had heard it himself), to which he said: Yes. (I heard) Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: There is no harm if you do not practise it, for it (the birth of the child) is something ordained (by Allah).

3375

This hadith is reported on the authority of Abu Sa'id with the same chain of transmitters but with a slight variation (of words).

3376

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) was asked about 'azl, whereupon he said: There is no harm if you do not do that, for it (the birth of the child) is something ordained. Muhammad (one of the narrators) said: (The words) La 'alaykum (there is no harm) implies its Prohibition.

3377

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) reported that mention was made of 'azl in the presence of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) whereupon he said: Why do you practise it? They said: There is a man whose wife has to suckle the child, and if that person has a sexual intercourse with her (she may conceive) which he does not like, and there is another person who has a slave-girl and he has a sexual intercourse with her, but he does not like her to have conception so that she may not become Umm Walad, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: There is no harm if you do not do that, for that (the birth of the child) is something pre- ordained. Ibn 'Aun said: I made a mention of this hadith to Hasan, and he said: By Allah, (it seems) as if there is upbraiding in it (for 'azl).

3378

Ibn 'Aun reported: I reported to Muhammad on the authority of Ibrahim the hadith reported by 'Abd al-Rahmann b. Bishr (the hadith concerning 'azl), where- upon he said: That (hadith) Abd al-Rahman b. Bishr had narrated to me (also).

3379

Ma'bad b. Sirin said to Abu Sa'id (Allah be pleased with him): Did you hear Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) making a mention of something in regard to al-'azl? Thereupon he said: Yes. The rest (of the hadith is the same)

3380

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) reported: Mention was made about al-'azl in the presence of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), whereupon he said: Why any one of you practises it? (He did not say: One of you should not do it), for there is no created soul, whose creator is not Allah.

NOTE = www.searchtruth.com/hadith_books.php, in sahih bukhari hadiths , Eng translation = M Muhsin Khan , the addresses are = chapter 34 ( sales and trades ) hadith =432 , chapter 46 ( manumission of slaves ) , hadith = 718 , chapter 59 ( Al -Maghazi , Military expeditions of prophet ) , hadith = 459 , chapter 62 ( Niqah , Marriage ) , hadith =137 , chapter 93( Tawheed ) , hadith =506 .

OTHER Reference = sunnah.com/bukhari . hadith = 2229, 2542 , 4138, 5210, 7409 .

விநாயகரின் மூல மந்திரம்:-

ஓம் ஸ்ரீம் ஹ்ரீம் க்லீம் க்லெளம் கங்கணபதயே

வரவரத ஸ்ர்வ ஜனம்மே வசமினய ஸ்வாஹா

இருபத்தெட்டு அட்சரங்களை உடைய இம்மந்திரம் பலவிதமான சக்திகளையும், சித்திகளையும் அளிக்கவல்லது.செல்வம், பூமி, ஆகர்ஷணம், வசியம், குண்டலி வின்யாசம் முதலிய அனேக சித்திகள் இம்மந்திர ஜபத்தால் கைகூடும்.

அருகம்புல், தாமரை, வில்வதளம், செவ்வரளி போன்ற நறுமணம் உடைய புஷ்பங்களால் விநாயகரை பூஜை செய்தால் செல்வச் செழிப்பும் ஞானவளமும் கைகூடும். செல்வத்திறவுகோலாக இம்மந்திர உபாசனை நிகழ்ந்து வந்துள்ளது.

கணபதியை மட்டும் வழிபடுபவர்கள் கணபதி உபாசகர்கள் என அழைக்கப்படுகிறார்கள்.கணபதி உபாசகர்கள் கருப்பு, நீலம் போன்ற வண்ண ஆடைகளை அணிவதைத் தவிர்க்க வேண்டும்.சிவப்பு, பொன் வண்ண உடைகள் மிகவும் ஏற்றவை. துளசியை இவர்கள் கிள்ளக் கூடாது.துளசியை விநாயகருக்கு அணிவிக்கக்கூடாது.

ஓம் கம் கணபதியே நமஹ... _/\_

Saturday, February 13, 2016

Sangeetha Swarangal - Bhanupriya Mammootty - Azhagan

Thursday, February 11, 2016

Cholesterol-eating device 'eat' bad cholesterol in your arteries.

Planet Frequencies Correspond to 5 major Brainwave States & Planetary Harmonics & Neurobiological Resonances

It was Nikola Tesla and Schuman who discovered that Earth has a resonant frequency of 7.83 hertz - this changes depending where on Earth you measure. When David Sereda did the math using NASA data on the radius of the 9 planets, he found to astonishment that the 9 planet frequencies corresponded perfectly to the 5 major human brainwave state frequencies.

The planets seem to be synchronizing with or creating our 5 major brainwave states: Delta waves are 0 to 4 hertz (Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune), Theta 4 to 8 Hertz (Earth, Venus), Alpha 8 to 12 hertz, (Mars & Venus Border Alpha) Beta 12 to 40 Hertz (Mercury, Mars, Pluto) Gamma (Earth's Moon and numerous other solar system moons).
http://www.davidsereda.net/#!planet-frequencies/c23sb

Planetary Harmonics & Neurobiological Resonances in Light, Sound, & Brain Wave Frequencies;

Including the translation of sound to color
more: http://www.lunarplanner.com/Harmon…/planetary-harmonics.html