amudu

Monday, April 25, 2016

Innovation in genomics and the future of medtech

The field of medicine is in the process of being profoundly transformed by new technologies; much of this transformation comes from exciting advances in genomics.

Although genomics is relatively unknown to the general public, innovations in the field have started to make headlines: Genetic testing startup 23andMe, the “gene editing” technology CRISPR and the ambitious 100,000 Genomes Project have all come into the public eye.

Whether perceived with hope or suspicion by patients or governments, the new frontiers opened by these innovations are undeniably leading to unprecedented opportunities for better health — an issue that’s demonstrating great appeal with more and more VCs and business angels. So what can we expect in the coming year from the field of genomics?

A new definition of “early detection” for cancers

The last wave of innovation in terms of technology and detection of cancers, namely screening programs such as mammograms, colonoscopies, etc., has brought a great deal of efficiency.

But this type of exam has led us to an idea of “early stage” that is relative: By the time a tumor can show up through mammography or on a CT scan, it has already grown to a certain size. True “early detection” will come about when we change the scale of our capabilities and are looking at the molecular level of our physiology, namely through research on the epigenome and epigenetic marks.

We’ve developed technologies such as liquid biopsies that can detect cancer DNA even in the first several days after its arrival. Researchers also have discovered five epigenetic marks for cancer, and we can expect more to come.

Synthetic DNA production has already started.

While this is undoubtedly a positive step, this level of early detection raises important questions as well. How can we know when a tumor detected at a molecular level will express itself as a true disease? How can we handle issues of “over-diagnosis,” if this proves to be a question?

Answering this type of question comes down not only to technology itself, but also to our experiences with big health data and deep learning. We need more data to be collected and analyzed — a priority that’s been taken on by lllumina’s GRAIL project, whose results are highly anticipated.

Big data also can help scientists closely monitor the efficacy of drugs, as well as detecting very early signs of drug resistance. Major names such as Roche and Johns Hopkins are leading the way, while companies such as Guardant Health are expanding their operations worldwide.

Better understanding of genomics through deep learning and AI

Data is not only the cornerstone of cancer treatment. It also enables us to develop an idea of functional genomics, not just coding. New companies are pushing algorithmic technology forward, such as Deep Genomics (which raised $3.7 million last December) and iCarbonX.

By using deep learning and AI, they hope to give us more applicable knowledge of the human genome. But to do that, they need as much data as possible — more than traditional medicine has been accustomed to using. While it may take time to push this type of data collection and analysis forward, these companies are expected on the market this year, and there is a great amount of excitement around them.

Cloud-based software facilitates faster and better analysis for genomic information

A new solution for genome analysis was brought to market by a collaboration between Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and industry giants Amazon Web Services (AWS), Cloudera, Google, IBM, Intel and Microsoft. Developed as a software-as-a-service (SaaS) mechanism, the traditional desktop GATK software can now be accessed through the cloud, based upon the Apache Spark computing framework.

At the same time, Illumina announced its new platform, BaseSpace Suite, launched at Bio-IT World in Boston in April. The platform is described to be “the most complete sample-to-answer bioinformatic solution for genomics.” Moreover, they try to attract both clinicians and researchers with a promise of a more intuitive and user-friendly interface.

Faster, smaller, cheaper DNA testing

The trend in DNA testing will be for WGS and WES sequencing to take over genotyping based on a DNA microarray. This will lead to higher quality and lower pricing compared to today’s market. It will also lead to faster results: Last year, the time needed to perform WGS sequencing came down to a little more than 24 hours using Edico Genome’s Dragen Bio-IT processor.

These breakthroughs show that the coming year is going to be full of opportunities.

This trend also is leading toward mobile DNA sequencing

capabilities, which could transform the diagnosis of infectious diseases, particularly during emergencies. Oxford Nanopore’s MinION device launched at the end of 2015, and its possible applications will come in handy with outbreaks such as we’re seeing today with the Zika virus. Similarly, the GenapSys GENIUS sequencer is no larger than an iPad and is able to sequence DNA practically anywhere.

Finally, advances in techniques for the isolation of single cells are on their way. The goal is to provide the most detailed and accurate picture yet of cellular genetics, which will have significant impact on our understanding of cancer, the neural system, stem cells, embryo development and the immune system, even with just a single cell available for analysis.

Access to personalized genomics for everyone

Today, if one wants to have access to a holistic approach to medicine based on genomic understanding, it means investing around $2,000 in one’s own health. To make this new approach available to more and more patients, there are a number of companies beginning to offer WGS sequencing, and prices are likely to fall in the near future. The first to have launched a drastically cheaper product is Veritas, with “My Genome,” for $999 — although it should be noted that the issue of data sharing with third parties remains unclear.

Access to personalized genomics is likely to revolutionize the way patients view preventive medicine and their access to health. Although its broad adoption by the public is still to be proven, the ambitions of those entrepreneurs are shared by a great number of investors, as shown with funding rounds closed by Human Longevity, Omixy and Arivale.

Genetic edition — toward a “customized” gene?

Synthetic DNA production has already started, and will continue to grow this year, giving researchers fast, affordable and secure access to any DNA sequences they may need.

CRISPR technology claims it’s already capable of splicing and editing genes, and has shown great improvements in lung cancer and leukemia.

The implications of this technology are almost overwhelming. Essentially, with accessible and affordable CRISPR technology, we will not only be able to treat hereditary disorders and other mutations that give rise to disease, but to even modify hereditary characteristics, make genetic enhancements or perhaps create “customized” embryos.

This idea of human enhancement has given rise to an ethical debate around CRISPR therapies and other similar techniques. This debate is more than important, it’s crucial for the future of humanity; and it’s becoming clear that we will need strong and harmonized international regulations. But these need to be regulations that don’t slam the brakes on the work of researchers who still have so much to discover. They also need to take into account all interested parties: scientists, doctors, patients and even parents.

All these breakthroughs show that the coming year is going to be full of opportunities for innovators, and the medtech industry at large. Everyone, whether patient, medical professional, politician, entrepreneur or investor, has a part to play in the genomic revolution. The societal impacts of such innovations and the need for better data-collection make it crucial for all stakeholders to move forward in a collaborative effort.

http://destinhaus.com/…/20…/10/Cost-of-Genomics-Decrease.jpg

http://techcrunch.com/…/innovation-in-genomics-and-the-fut…/

http://www.chinamoneynetwork.com/…/former-bgi-ceos-new-star…

https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/deep-genomics…

https://www.genome.gov/27563841/

http://www.genomicsengland.co.uk/the-100000-genomes-project/

thanks

Cecile G. Tamura

MAX PLANCK (1858 - 1947) German theoretical physicist

Max Planck was born ‪ in 1858. His work revolutionised human understanding of atomic processes.

Max Planck was a German theoretical physicist, considered to be the initial founder of quantum theory, and one of the most important physicists of the 20th Century. Around the turn of the century, he realized that light and other electromagnetic waves were emitted in discrete packets of energy that he called "quanta" - "quantum" in the singlular - which could only take on certain discrete values (multiples of a certain constant, which now bears the name the “Planck constant”). This is generally regarded as the first essential stepping stone in the development of quantum theory, which has revolutionized the way we see and understand the sub-atomic world.

Karl Ernst Ludwig Marx Planck, better known as Max, was born in Kiel in Holstein, northern Germany on 23 April 1858. His family was traditional and intellectual (his father was a law professor and his grandfather and great-grandfather had been theology professors). In 1867, the family moved to Munich, where Planck attended the Ludwig Maximilians gymnasium school. There, he came under the tutelage of Hermann Müller, who taught him astronomy and mechanics as well as mathematics, and awoke Planck’s early interest in physics.

Although a talented musician (he sang, played the piano, organ and cello, and composed songs and even operas), he chose to study physics at the University of Munich in 1874, soon transferring to theoretical physics, before going on to Berlin for a year of further study in 1877. Having completed his habilitation thesis on heat theory in 1880, Planck became an unpaid private lecturer in Munich, waiting until he was offered an academic position. In April 1885, the University of Kiel appointed him as an associate professor of theoretical physics, and he continued to pursue work on heat theory and on Rudolph Clausius’ ideas about entropy and its application in physical chemistry.

In 1889, Planck moved to the University of Berlin, becoming a full professor in 1892. He had married Marie Merck in 1887, and they went on to have four children, Karl (1888), the twins Emma and Grete (1889) and Erwin (1893), of whom only Erwin was to survive past the First World War. The Planck home in Berlin became a social and cultural centre for academics, and many well-known scientists, including Albert Einstein, Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner, were frequent visitors.

In 1894, Planck turned his attention to the problem of black body radiation, the observation that the greatest amount of energy being radiated from a “black body” (or any perfect absorber) falls near the middle of the electromagnetic spectrum, rather than in the ultraviolet region as classical theory would suggest. In particular, he investigated how the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body depends on the frequency of the radiation (e.g. the colour of the light) and the temperature of the body. After some initial frustrations, he derived the first version of his black body radiation law in 1900. However, although it described the experimentally observed black body spectrum well, he realized that it was not perfect.

The previous year, though, in 1899, he had noted that the energy of photons could only take on certain discrete values which were always a full integer multiple of a certain constant, which is now known as the “Planck constant”. Thus, light and other waves were emitted in discrete packets of energy that he called "quanta". Defining the Planck constant enabled him to go on to define a new universal set of physical units or Planck units (such as the Planck length, the Planck time, the Planck temperature, etc), all based on five fundamental physical constants: the speed of light in a vacuum, the gravitational constant, the Coulomb force constant, the Boltzmann constant and his own Planck constant.

Later in 1900, then, he revised his black body theory to incorporate the supposition that electromagnetic energy could be emitted only in “quantized” form, so that the energy could only be a multiple of an elementary unit E = hv (where h is the Planck constant, previously introduced by him in 1899, and v is the frequency of the radiation). Although quantization was a purely formal assumption in Planck’s work at this time and he never fully understood its radical implications (which had to await Albert Einstein’s interpretations in 1905), its discovery has come to be regarded as effectively the birth of quantum physics, and the greatest intellectual accomplishment of Planck's career. It was in recognition of this accomplishment that he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.

Planck was among the few who immediately recognized the significance of Einstein’s 1905 Special Theory of Relativity, and he used his influence in the world of theoretical physics (he was president of the newly formed German Physical Society from 1905 to 1909) to ensure that the theory was soon widely accepted in Germany, as well as making his own contributions to extending the theory. After Planck had been appointed dean of Berlin University, it became possible for him to call Einstein to Berlin and to establish a new professorship specifically for him in 1914, and the two scientists soon became close friends and met frequently to play music together.

Planck's wife Marie died in 1909, possibly from tuberculosis, and, in 1911, he married his second wife, Marga von Hoesslin, who bore him a third son, Hermann, the same year. By the time of the German annexation and the First World War in 1914 (which Planck initially welcomed, but later argued against), he was effectively the highest authority of German physics, as one of the four permanent presidents of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, and a leader in the influential umbrella body, the Kaiser Wilhelm Society. By the end of the 1920s, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg and Wolfgang Pauli had worked out the so-called "Copenhagen interpretation" of quantum mechanics, and the quantum theory which Planck’s work had triggered became ever more established, even if Planck himself (like Einstein) was never quite comfortable with some of its philosophical implications.

When the Nazis seized power in 1933, Planck was an old man of 74, and he generally avoided open conflict with the Nazi regime, although he did organize a somewhat provocative official commemorative meeting after the death in exile of fellow physicist Fritz Haber. He also succeeded in secretly enabling a number of Jewish scientists to continue working in institutes of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for several years.

The “Deutsche Physik” movement attacked Planck, Arnold Sommerfeld and Werner Heisenberg among others for continuing to teach the theories of Einstein, calling them "white Jews". When his term as president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society ended in 1936, the Nazi government pressured him to refrain from seeking another term. At the end of 1938, the Prussian Academy of Sciences lost its remaining independence and was taken over by Nazis, and Planck protested by resigning his presidency. He steadfastly refused to join the Nazi party, despite being under significant political pressure to do so.

Allied bombing campaigns against Berlin during the Second World War forced Planck and his wife to leave the city temporarily to live in the countryside, and his house in Berlin was completely destroyed by an air raid in 1944. He continued to travel frequently, giving numerous public lectures, including talks on Religion and Science (he was a devoted and persistent adherent of Christianity all his life), and at the advanced age of 85 he was still sufficiently fit to climb 3,000-metre peaks in the Alps.

At the end of the Second World War (during which his youngest son Erwin was implicated in the attempt on Hitler's life in 1944 and hanged), Planck, his second wife and his remaining son moved to Göttingen. He died there on 4 October 1947, aged 89, from the consequences of a fall and several strokes.

http://www.barco.com/…/Digging-deep-down-into-lasers-did-yo…

http://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=2113

http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_planck.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBrsWPCp_rs

http://www.britannica.com/science/Plancks-constant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_pri…/physics/laureates/1918/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck

Complete Ramayana in one picture.zoom and see the amazing story of Lord Ram..

One of the Onna-Bugeisha - a female Samurai Warrior (late 1800s).

Sunday, April 24, 2016

Creative Visualization Techniques

Creative visualization is about using your imagination to get what you want. Visualization is a form of self-hypnosis, using the power of positive thinking. We all use visualization techniques every day, whether we are aware of it or not. Visualization ability can be increased by practicing visualization exercises.

Visualization is what makes successful people successful, but unfortunately it is also what makes the losers losers. Too many people spend their lives visualising disaster and failure, and by focusing on the negative all the time they are training their minds to generate the very failure they are trying to avoid.

An effective visualization consists of a well worded affirmation combined with a clear image of what you want. This is the basis of the Law of Attraction.

Simple Visualization Technique

The basics of visualization are very simple.

Find a time during the day when you can set aside five to ten minutes.

Settle down somewhere comfortable and allow yourself to relax. (One way to do that is to tense and then relax your muscles, starting with your feet and moving up your body. Another way is to say or think the word 'relax' or 'relaxing now, more and more relaxed' with each breath out).

Relax until you reach a daydreamy kind of feeling.

Then, start visualising what you want.

It can be a new car, a loving relationship, an overseas holiday - anything at all. Whatever you choose, imagine every detail of what it would be like to have that thing, to use it, to be in it - really be there experiencing every aspect of it. Don't tell yourself it will happen, imagine it has happened, is happening right now, that you already have it.

Allow yourself to daydream what you would look like, how you are dressed, what you hear, see, taste, smell. Imagine who else would be there, what they would think, say, feel.

And then imagine how good you would feel.

Really indulge yourself.

Fill yourself with pleasure, pride, fulfillment, joy - whatever it is you want to feel.

Tell yourself, 'with every breath in, that feeling gets stronger and stronger'; 'with every breath in I am becoming more and more open to enjoying that feeling'; 'I deserve that feeling, I can have that feeling, I am having that feeling'. The more you can immerse yourself in good feelings the more likely it is that your vision will come true.

Repeat this exercise at least once every day; better: several times a day.

That's all there is to it. The more you practice, and the greater your emotional connection in the process, the faster it will come true. Everyone can learn to visualize.

http://www.key-hypnosis.com/…/LV5-Creative-Visualization.php

Physicists Squeeze Water Molecules Into an Entirely New State

Quantum Tunneling of Water in Beryl: A New State of the Water Molecule

Physicists from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have discovered a new state of water that cannot be explained as a solid, liquid, or gas.

Neutron scattering and computational modeling have revealed unique and unexpected behavior of water molecules under extreme confinement that is unmatched by any known gas, liquid or solid states.

It is a peculiar, and like exceedingly common, "other" state that water molecules are forced to exist in in conditions of extreme confinement. Here, quantum effects begin to take over, leaving behind the rules of classical physics that we're used to: solids, liquids, and gases just stop making sense.

The group's work is published in the current Physical Review Letters.

To start, we need to imagine just a single water molecule: two hydrogen atoms bound to a single oxygen atom. This molecule is placed in a tiny natural channel cleaved through the hexagonal crystals of the mineral beryl. The channel, which is large enough to host just a single water molecule, is only about 5 angstroms across, or roughly one ten-billionth of a meter. According to the physicists, such confinement should be fairly common in the natural world, taking place in certain geological and biological environments such as soils, mineral interfaces, and cell walls.

Atoms themselves are only about 1 angstrom across, so the beryl channels are really more straitjackets than cages. Trapped like this, the water molecules begin to demonstrate tunneling behavior, becoming "delocalized." As we should expect in the quantum world, the molecules and their constituent atoms are able to exist in multiple states at once.

The hydrogen atoms of the water molecule begin to inhabit six different symmetric orientations simultaneously, with the oxygen atom stuck in the middle.

Normally, a water molecule is arranged with the oxygen atom in the middle at the two hydrogen atoms off to one side, with the resulting configuration looking like a ">" symbol. In a beryl channel/cavity, this configuration can have one of six different orientations corresponding the six different walls of the hexagonal passageway.

This is maintained so long as the hydrogen atom doesn't have enough energy to jump into a new configuration.

That's what "should" happen, anyhow. But the quantum world is much weirder.

Instead, we wind up with a central oxygen atom and a surrounding ring of fuzzy "peaks." The hydrogen atoms are no longer jutting out from the oxygen like antenna and are instead existing in a suspended average of all of the possible orientations, with the effect increasing with increasing temperature. This is the result of the hydrogen atoms "tunneling" between different possible configurations.

The ORNL physicists were able to observe this in action using neutron scattering. Here, neutrons are used to probe subatomic structures rather than the electrons and photons of optical and X-ray imaging methods. Neutrons have the handy property of being electrically neutral, so they don't get knocked around by materials that may lie between the observer and the thing to be observed.

Their lack of charge also means that they won't interfere with the charged particles they're tasked with observing.

So, neutron scattering is a crucial imaging technique for understanding material properties at atomic scales, and it also happens to be one that ORNL is very well-equipped for thanks to the lab's Spallation Neutron Source, which provided the physicists with their first views of the tunneling water molecules. A second round of experiments was conducted using high-energy neutrons from the ISIS neutron facility at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK.

This new state of water winds up having some interesting properties. For one thing, the molecule's center of mass is shifted away from the two outlying hydrogen atoms to its central oxygen atom. (Remember that rather than hanging out to one side, the hydrogens are now spread out around a circle.)

Even more interesting is that a water molecule in this configuration loses its electric dipole moment. Normally, a water molecule is more negatively charged at its oxygen corner (the vertex of the "<" shape) and more positively charged on the side with the hydrogen atoms.

With these atoms spread around, there's no longer this asymmetry.

With the molecule's dipole moment lost, it should no longer be interested in boding with other atoms/molecules. The result then is water that can no longer claim to be a "universal solvent," the property that more or less makes the biological world go 'round. I'm not sure if it'd then be more apt to call this form of water super-pure or just "dead."

http://physics.aps.org/articles/v9/43

http://motherboard.vice.com/…/physicists-squeeze-water-mole…

http://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology-news/newsid=43218.php

http://journals.aps.org/…/ab…/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.167802

http://physicsworld.com/…/physicists-discover-new-quantum-s…

Saturday, April 23, 2016

லக்ஷ்மி வசிய கலசம்:

உலக வாழ்க்கைக்கு அத்தியாவசியமானது செல்வம். அதன் அதிபதியாகவும், அதை அள்ளி வழங்குபவளாகவும் திகழ்பவள் மகாலட்சுமி. அவளே வீரர்களிடம் வீரலட்சுமியாகவும், தேசத்தைச் செழிக்கச் செய்யும் ராஜ்ஜிய லட்சுமியாகவும், உணவுப் பொருட் களில் தான்ய லட்சுமியாகவும், யோகிகளிடம் யோக லட்சுமியாகவும், மனச் சலனங்களை நீக்கும் தைரிய லட்சுமியாகவும், பிள்ளைச் செல்வம் அருள்வதில் சந்தான லட்சுமியாகவும், வீடுகளில் கிரக லட்சுமியாகவும், விளக்குகளில் தீபலட்சுமியாகவும் திகழ்கிறாள்.

நாம் அனைவரும்நம் வீட்டில் லக்ஷ்மி குடியிருந்து அருள ஆசைப்படுவோம், ஆனால் அதற்குரிய முறையை செய்வதில்லை, அதை முறையாகவும் செய்வதில்லை.

தினமும் வீட்டில் விளக்கு ஏற்றுதல், தலைவாயிலைக் கழுவி கோலமிட்டு பூக்களால் அலங்கரித்தல், வெள்ளிக்கிழமைகளில் வில்வத்தால் அர்ச்சித்து திருமகளை வணங்குதல், இனிப்பு தானம், குலதெய்வ வழிபாடு ஆகியவற்றால், லட்சுமி கடாட்சத்தை பரிபூரணமாகப் பெறலாம்.

வழிபட உகந்த நாட்கள்: அனுதினமும் வழிபடுவது அவசியம். வெள்ளிக் கிழமைகள், ஏகாதசி, கார்த்திகை மாத ஸ்ரீபஞ்சமி.

அர்ச்சனைப் பொருள்கள்: துளசி, வில்வம்

நிவேதனம்: இனிப்பு பதார்த்தங்கள்.

புண்ணிய நூல்கள்: ஸ்ரீசூக்தம், ஸ்ரீலட்சுமி தந்திரம், ஸ்ரீஸ்துதி

சிறப்பு வழிபாடு: வெள்ளிக் கிழமை மாலையில் தாமரை வடிவிலான கோலம் போட்டு, அதன் மீது ஐந்துமுக குத்து விளக்கை ஏற்றிவைத்து, அதையே திருமகளாகப் பாவித்து தாமரைப் பூக்களால் திருமகளின் 12 திருப் பெயர்களைக் கூறி அர்ச்சித்து வழிபடுவதால், வீட்டில் செல்வ கடாட்சம் பெருகும்; கன்னிப் பெண்களுக்கு விரைவில் திருமணம் கைகூடும்.

வழிபாட்டு மந்திரங்கள்

ஸ்ரீமகாலட்சுமி ஸ்தோத்திரம்

பத்மபத்ரேக்ஷணாயை ச பத்மாஸ்யாயை நமோநம:

பத்மாஸனாயை பத்மின்யை வைஷ்ணவ்யை ச

நமோநம:

லட்சுமி ஸ்தோத்திரம்

மானே மடமயி லேயிசை பாடிடு மாங்குயிலே

தேனே நவமணி யேமிடி நோய்தவிர் தெள்ளமுதே

வானே முதலெங்கு மாயவளேயிவ் வறுமையினி

நானே பொறுக்கிலன் வந்தாள் செந்தாமரை நாயகியே

- திருமகள் வழிபாட்டின்போது இந்த துதிப்பாடல்களைப் பாடி வழிபடுவதால், எண்ணிய காரியங்கள் விரைவில் ஈடேறும்.

கிருத்திகை, ரோகிணி மற்றும் மிருகசீரிட நட்சத்திரக்காரர்கள் மகாலட்சுமியை வழிபடுவதால் சிறப்பான பலன்கள் கைகூடும்.

ஒரு சிறிய மண்கலசம்(மூடியுடன்) எடுத்து அதில் சிறிது உப்பு, சர்க்கரை, பச்சரிசி, புளி, பருப்பு, நவ தான்யம், புனுகு, குங்குமப்பூ, கஸ்தூரி, ஜவ்வாது, ஐம்பொன், சிறிய வலம்புரிசங்கு, வெற்றிலை பாக்கு,

இவை அனைத்தும் வியாழக்கிழமையேவாங்கி வைத்துக்கொண்டு, வெள்ளிக்கிழமை காலை 6 to 7 மணிக்குள் மேல் கூறிய அனைத்தையும் மண்கலசத்தில் வைத்து, கலசத்திற்க்கு பட்டை, சந்தனம், பொட்டு இட்டு உங்கள் பூஜையறையில் வைத்து மஹாலக்ஷ்மியை மனதார நினைத்து தாயேநீ என்றும் எங்கள்வீட்டில் இருந்து அருளவேண்டும் என பிராத்தனை செய்து தூபதீபம் காட்டி பின் வரும் மந்திரத்தை 108 முறை கூறி பின் கலசத்தை மூடிவைக்கவும்.

இதனை வெள்ளிதோறும் 108 முறை சொல்லி வணங்கவேண்டும், கலசம் மாற்ற வேண்டிய அவசியம் இல்லை.

அடுத்த வெள்ளிக்குள் பணவரவு உயர்வதை கண்கூடாக உணரலாம்.

இந்த எளிய பரிகாரத்தை செய்து அணைவரும் வளமடைய வேண்டுகிறேன்.

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