The Latest Technology for Floor

A complete guide to 3D flooring installation, 3D bathroom designs, murals and designs, 3D flooring prices and tricks from experts, 3D floor art  applying in the bathroom flooring

Just twenty years ago the only option to make an unusual floor design was to use the "calico" method. In this case, just tissue on the floor with poured varnish was beautiful and unique. Over time, these stylish floor covering, linoleum and laminate flooring, completely replaced this styles of flooring, and the possibility to create something exclusive was long forgotten. But new manufacturers, in turn, took the idea, but only with their already proven building materials and other machinery works. 

Today, 3D flooring is an excellent revival of traditional interior, harmonious combination of new technology and comfort. Dreaming of this type of flooring? Now we will help you to apply your 3D bathroom floor designs yourself in your home.

You will also like: How to install Penny floor and herringbone tile, Unique flooring ideas, Fantasy of river white granite in the interior

This art of 3D flooring has always amazed imagination practical ideas - those sharks, "break" through the bathroom floor for taking stunning photos. Today, toothy predators await guests in bathrooms, hallways, a mini-pool also will trigger the same "wow effect," which modern interior designers like to create.

3D flooring prices and 3D floor installation

3D floor art designs, 3D flooring for kids

Why should you install your 3D floor designs yourself as 3D bathroom floor? Because the 3D coverage which is purchased from a company will cost you at least 5 times more expensive than ceramic tiles and 10 times than laminate flooring. Yes, installing the 3D flooring and filling the 3D floors is a really complicated process, but the price is so high. 

You will be very surprised to learn that most of the 3D bathroom flooring prices accounted for the manufacture of the image! Yes, it's true - these 3D bathroom floor murals are available on the internet, and you can get yours from any online shop, but it's difficult to find a detailed description of the 3D flooring technology itself. 
So, to take - and ready. How to make the base layer and how to pour that epoxy paint - this is not difficult to understand, but how to make the dolphin in the 3D bathroom floor looks alive - that's where the secret. That's you will learn in this article

floral 3D flooring ideas, 3D bathroom floor murals designs

So let's push off from what is really 3D. Simply, 3D floor murals are images that our eye sees and perceives it as a 3D flooring, As an example, any 3D program on your monitor - it's just a two-dimensional image, but creates the illusion. That's the main task of the designer who makes the layout for 3D floor designs - is to create the illusion of spaciousness, which has the functions of modern aesthetics. Take a look at this selection of 3D bathroom flooring designs - is not it amazing?

3D flooring for elevator, self-leveling epoxy flooring

3D bathroom floor installation stages

Thus, conventional methods of making the 3D floors are three: photo-realistic images have installed the floor, small items on the similarity of shells or coins, or an optical illusion. In all three 3D flooring ideas, you will perceive flooring volume. Let's take a closer look at how to implement these ideas.

3D bathroom floor murals, self-leveling epoxy resin floors

Stage I. At first, select a 3D floor mural image that has the 3D floor design you want. It can be a photo or painting which make a 3D effect.  And now you need Photoshop. 3D flooring pictures must have a high resolution - at least 300 dpi.

We highly recommend you not to use a 3D floor image for the with an illusion of motion. For example, something falls or wave covers.
It's amusing when near the pool in the bath guests suddenly notice entirely natural toothy fish. But the monsters that really scare it is better not to use - it will affect negatively on the subconscious mind.
Too bright, bulky, with an abundance of elements in red. For the reason that it is - a strong stimulus to the psyche. In this room you will be hard to focus, this will cause aggression and bad sleep.
Small items, increased to absurd forms. Huge Mandarin in the kitchen thanks to an optical illusion of a comparable size to the table - is not only tasteless but quickly get bored.

Stage II. Changing perspective of 3D floor art images

Step 1. So, the picture is selected, and the process is getting started. First of all take a photo of the room where you want to install 3D flooring - of course, with the "right" angle. But remember that many of the cameras like a little-distorted perspective - try to pick up the distance so that the photograph was exactly what you see with your own eyes at the threshold.
Step 2. Now in Photoshop or a similar graphics program, apply your favorite 3D floor design image on the floor photo - just the way you want it in reality. So you have created the illusion of 3D flooring. Now fasten the two images into one - now, you should see the picture of the room as volumetric 3D bathroom floor design.

3D floor art and 3D flooring technology for living room

Step 3. Now cut the everything in the photo except the floor with a picture. To complete the 3D bathroom flooring effect you can do it like a trapezoid: the bottom (front) extended at the top (behind) the restriction - because that is how we see the room.
Step 4. Using the tool "Perspective" to make a correct the trapezoid. If you do not have coped with such a function - just drag it in the usual editor to make the narrowest part. Now the 3D floor murals are ready, save it.

how to apply 3D images to 3D bathroom floor with Photoshop

If you experience difficulties in preparing the 3D flooring design picture or do not know how to use graphics software - refer to any designer friend, or find a freelance designer. Yes, it's cost, but eventually, you will have to spend on this task at least 4-7 times less money than if you contact a specialized construction firm.

3. Printing the 3D bathroom flooring design image

 So, as soon as the required file of the 3D bathroom floor mural is already on your flash drive, contact any agency of printing. Why there? Firstly, they have experience with similar graphics, and secondly, you need to fill material under the floor, which does not lose its properties and color when applying a varnish or a transparent epoxy resin flooring coating. By the way, this process isn't expensive - it's about $ 20 per m2. And companies today often print the image on vinyl self-adhesive film and banner with healthy tissue.

Tip: be sure to print at first the same image of the 3D bathroom flooring design, but on plain paper, black and white - to put on the floor and assess whether the correct angle distortion and indeed seems the same volume and the dolphin alive. If needed, adjust the perspective. And only then - you will pay for the main image of the 3D flooring murals you will use on your bathroom floor.

3D bathroom flooring designs for modern bathroom floors

Stage IV. preparing the base layer

On our site there is already a lot of articles of how to fill the floor polymer. And here - the same polymer floor, but with a picture and a transparent topcoat:

Most importantly, what you should not miss in any way -it should not to be any stain of oil, grease, detergent or bitumen on the old concrete base . Clean oil stains from its full depth with milling, grinding or cutting.

Stage VI. Finishing coat

which material to use in the coverage of the 3D flooring designs for the bathroom? We recommend the most suitable coating for this is polyurethane varnish PUR Aqua Top (M or SG), which is the most stable of all known, and therefore your 3D floor designs will never fade. you should make two layers under the 3D bathroom floor mural, each layer take around 4 hours to dry.

Use a special glue to paste the photo on the floor to make a 3D bathroom flooring and then use a abrasion-resistant coating layer.

As for the transparent layer on top of the 3D floors images, You can buy it from online shops - such floors is much more difficult to scratch, and they are pleased with their appearance much longer.

thanks: decorpuzzle.com

உலகத்தின் உண்மை, அற்புதமான வார்த்தைகள்

Dasavathaaram

புரட்சித் தலைவர் MGR & தந்தை செல்வா அரிய புகைப்படம்

மக்கள் திலகம் M.G.ராமச்சந்திரன்(M.G.R), தந்தை செல்வநாயகத்தை பணிந்தபோது எடுக்கப்பட்ட புகைப்படம்.

"தற்கொலைக்கு முன் என்னை ஒரு முறை நினைத்துக் கொள்ளுங்கள்" இந்தி நடிகர் நானா படேகர்

"தற்கொலைக்கு முன் என்னை
ஒரு முறை நினைத்துக் கொள்ளுங்கள்"

- இது ஒரு சூப்பர் ஸ்டாரின் உதடுகள் அடிக்கடி உதிர்க்கும் வார்த்தைகள்!!

நடைமுறையில் நிறைய விவசாயிகளின் தற்கொலை முடிவை மாற்றி வாழ்வதற்கான நம்பிக்கை தந்த உயிரோட்டமுள்ள வார்த்தைகள்!
அந்த உண்மையான சூப்பர் ஸ்டார் வேறு யாருமல்ல! இந்தி நடிகர் நானா படேகர் தான்! (தமிழில் இவர் நடித்த படம் : பொம்மலாட்டம்)
சம்பாத்தியத்தில் 90 சதவீதத்தை நன்கொடையாக வழங்கிய சூப்பர் ஹீரோ!
வறட்சியால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கும் மகாராஷ்ட்ராவின் மராத்வாடா. கூரைகள் இல்லாத வீடுகள். கொடூர வெயிலில், விவசாய நிலங்கள் பாளம் பாளமாக வெடித்திருக்கும். மின்சாரமும் இருக்காது. கிராமத்திற்கு ஒரு விவசாயி தற்கொலை செய்து கொண்டிருப்பார்.
அரசியல்வாதிகளே எட்டிப் பார்க்க தயங்கும் மக்கள் நிறைந்த பகுதி. இங்கு அடிக்கடி ஒரு பிரபலத்தை மட்டும் காண முடியும். இருட்டிலும் கூட செல்போன் வெளிச்சத்தில், அந்த பிரபலத்தின் கைகள் செக் விநியோகித்துக் கொண்டிருக்கும். சினிமா உலகில் அவரது பெயர் நானா படேகர். சையிரட்டுக்கு முன் நம்மிடம் அறிமுகமான மராத்திய நடிகர்.
திரையுலகுக்கு வருதற்கு முன் போஸ்டர் ஒட்டியும், சாலைகளில் ஜீப்ரா கோடு வரைவதும்தான் நானாவின் பிழைப்பு. தினச்சம்பளம் 35 ரூபாய். சொற்ப சம்பளத்தில் தாயும் மகனும் வாழ்க்கையை நகர்த்திக் கொண்டிருந்தனர். மராத்தி நாடகங்களில் நடித்து, ஹிந்தி சினிமாவில் புகுந்த பிறகு, வருமானம் கொட்டியது. மூன்றே மாதங்களில் முழு சினிமாவை முடித்து விடும் இன்றைய காலத்தில், 'பிரகார் ' என்ற படத்தில் நடிப்பதற்காக, இந்திய ராணுவத்திடம் 3 ஆண்டுகள் சிறப்பு பயிற்சி பெற்ற, சற்றே வித்தியாச நடிகர் நானா.
மகாராஷ்ட்ராவில் கடந்த சில ஆண்டுகளாக வரலாறு காணாத வறட்சி. கிராமத்திற்கு ஒரு விவசாயி தற்கொலை. அரசாலும் தடுக்கமுடியவில்லை. தன்னார்வத் தொண்டு நிறுவனங்கள் போராடியும் இயலவில்லை. நடிகர் என்பதையும் தாண்டி, சொந்த மாநிலத்தை சேர்ந்த விவசாயிகள் கொத்து கொத்தாக செத்து மடிவது நானாவை என்னவோ செய்தது. குறிப்பாக மராத்வாடாப் பகுதியில் நாக்பூர், லாத்தூர், ஹிங்கோலி, பிரபானி, நான்டெட் மாவட்டங்களில் விவசாயிகளின் தற்கொலை அதிகம்.
விவசாயிகளின் தற்கொலையைத் தடுக்க என்ன செய்யலாம் என யோசித்தார் நானா. சில காலம் சினிமாவை ஒதுக்கி வைத்தார். சக நடிகர் மன்கர்டுடன் இணைந்து 'நாம் ' என்ற பெயரில் அறக்கட்டளை ஒன்றைத் தொடங்கினார். முதல் நாளே 80 லட்ச ரூபாய் நன்கொடை குவிந்தது. நானா படேகர் என்ற அந்த பெயருக்கு மக்களிடம் அத்தனை செல்வாக்கு. 2 வது வாரத்தில் 7 கோடியாக உயர்ந்தது. மொத்தம் 22 கோடி ரூபாய் நன்கொடையாக கிடைத்தது.
நன்கொடை பணம் முழுவதும் விவசாயிகளுக்கு முழுமையாக சேர வேண்டும் என்பது நானாவின் அடுத்த இலக்கு. இந்த விஷயத்தில் நானா படேகர் உறுதியாகவும் தெளிவாகவும் இருந்தார். நன்கொடையும் ஏராளமாக வந்துவிட்டது. வேறு ஏதாவது அமைப்பு வழியாக வழங்கிடுவோம் என்று அவர் ஒதுங்கி விடவில்லை. மூன்றாவது அமைப்பின் தலையீட்டை அவர் அனுமதிக்கவில்லை. எந்த அமைப்பையும் அணுகவில்லை. அவரே நேரடியாக களத்தில் குதித்தார்.
மராத்வாடாவில் தற்கொலை செய்து கொண்ட விவசாயிகளின் குடும்பத்தினரை வீடு வீடாக சென்று நானாவே நேரடியாக சந்தித்தார். தற்கொலை செய்து கொண்ட விவசாயிகள் வறட்சியால், பாதிக்கப்பட்ட விவசாயிகளின் குடும்பத்தினர்க்கு நேரடியாக சென்று நிதியுதவி வழங்கினார். கணவரை இழந்த மனைவிகளை சந்தித்து ஆறுதல் கூறினார்.
மகாராஷ்ட்ராவில், இப்போது 700க்கும் மேற்பட்ட கிராமங்களில், நானா படேகரின் அறக்கட்டளை, பாதிக்கப்பட்ட விவசாயிகளை கண்டறிந்து உதவி செய்து வருகிறது. விவசாயிகள் தற்கொலை குறைந்திருப்பது நானாவுக்கு சற்று நிம்மதியை ஏற்படுத்தியுள்ளது. நிதியுதவி போக, எஞ்சிய பணத்தில் மராத்வாடா பகுதியில் உள்ள ஏரிகள், குளங்களை தூர் வாரும் பணி தீவிரமாக நடைபெற்று வருகிறது. ஒரு கோடிக்கு மேல் மரங்கள் நடப்பட்டன. கணவனை இழந்த பெண்களுக்கு சுய வேலை வாய்ப்பு, இளைஞர்களுக்கு வேலை வாய்ப்பு ஏற்படுத்தி தரப்பட்டது.
ஒவ்வொரு கிராமத்துக்கும் சுத்தமான குடிநீர் வழங்குவது நானா படேகரின் அடுத்த இலக்கு. அறக்கட்டளை வழியாக சேர்ந்த பணத்தை மட்டுமல்லாது, சினிமாவில் தான் சம்பாதித்த பணத்தில் 90 சதவீதத்தை அறக்கட்டளைக்கே நானா படேகர் வழங்கி விட்டார்.
திரையில் ஆன்டி ஹீரோவாக நடிக்கும் நானாதான், மராத்வாடா மக்களின் நிஜ ஹீரோ.கோடி கோடியாக பணம் சம்பாதித்த போதும், மும்பையில் ஒரு பெட்ரூம் கொண்ட பிளாட்டில்தான் இப்போதும் தாயுடன் வசிக்கிறார் நானா. ''சம்பாதித்த பணத்தை அறக்கட்டளைக்கு வழங்கிவிட்டீர்களே'' என்றால் , 'இப்போதுதான் நான் பிறந்ததற்கான அர்த்தத்தை உணர்ந்திருக்கிறேன்'' என 'நச்' பதில் வருகிறது.
மகிழ்ச்சி!!
நன்றி : வாட்ஸ்ஆப்

Max Planck - Biographical

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was born in Kiel, Germany, on April 23, 1858, the son of Julius Wilhelm and Emma (née Patzig) Planck. His father was Professor of Constitutional Law in the University of Kiel, and later in Göttingen.

Planck studied at the Universities of Munich and Berlin, where his teachers included Kirchhoff and Helmholtz, and received his doctorate of philosophy at Munich in 1879. He was Privatdozent in Munich from 1880 to 1885, then Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics at Kiel until 1889, in which year he succeeded Kirchhoff as Professor at Berlin University, where he remained until his retirement in 1926. Afterwards he became President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Promotion of Science, a post he held until 1937. The Prussian Academy of Sciences appointed him a member in 1894 and Permanent Secretary in 1912.

Planck's earliest work was on the subject of thermodynamics, an interest he acquired from his studies under Kirchhoff, whom he greatly admired, and very considerably from reading R. Clausius' publications. He published papers on entropy, on thermoelectricity and on the theory of dilute solutions.
At the same time also the problems of radiation processes engaged his attention and he showed that these were to be considered as electromagnetic in nature. From these studies he was led to the problem of the distribution of energy in the spectrum of full radiation. Experimental observations on the wavelength distribution of the energy emitted by a black body as a function of temperature were at variance with the predictions of classical physics. Planck was able to deduce the relationship between the ener gy and the frequency of radiation. In a paper published in 1900, he announced his derivation of the relationship: this was based on the revolutionary idea that the energy emitted by a resonator could only take on discrete values or quanta. The energy for a resonator of frequency v is hv where h is a universal constant, now called Planck's constant.

This was not only Planck's most important work but also marked a turning point in the history of physics. The importance of the discovery, with its far-reaching effect on classical physics, was not appreciated at first. However the evidence for its validi ty gradually became overwhelming as its application accounted for many discrepancies between observed phenomena and classical theory. Among these applications and developments may be mentioned Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Planck's work on the quantum theory, as it came to be known, was published in the Annalen der Physik. His work is summarized in two books Thermodynamik (Thermodynamics) (1897) and Theorie der Wärmestrahlung (Theory of heat radiat ion) (1906).
He was elected to Foreign Membership of the Royal Society in 1926, being awarded the Society's Copley Medal in 1928.
Planck faced a troubled and tragic period in his life during the period of the Nazi government in Germany, when he felt it his duty to remain in his country but was openly opposed to some of the Government's policies, particularly as regards the persecuti on of the Jews. In the last weeks of the war he suffered great hardship after his home was destroyed by bombing.
He was revered by his colleagues not only for the importance of his discoveries but for his great personal qualities. He was also a gifted pianist and is said to have at one time considered music as a career.
Planck was twice married. Upon his appointment, in 1885, to Associate Professor in his native town Kiel he married a friend of his childhood, Marie Merck, who died in 1909. He remarried her cousin Marga von Hösslin. Three of his children died young, leaving him with two sons.
He suffered a personal tragedy when one of them was executed for his part in an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Hitler in 1944.
He died at Göttingen on October 4, 1947.
From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967
This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.
For more updated biographical information, see: Planck, Max, Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers. Philosophical Library, New York, 1949.
MLA style: "Max Planck - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 4 Jan 2015. <http://www.nobelprize.org/…/…/laureates/1918/planck-bio.html>

How To Cook Prawns With Brinjal Curry By My Grandma || Myna Street Food ...

The oldest house in Averyon,France. Built in the 13th century

Fibonacci number & Golden ratio ...??

There is a special ratio that can be used to describe the proportions of everything from nature's smallest building blocks, such as atoms, to the most advanced patterns in the universe, such as unimaginably large celestial bodies. Nature relies on this innate proportion to maintain balance, but the financial markets also seem to conform to this 'golden ratio.' Here we take a look at some technical analysis tools that have been developed to take advantage of it.

The Mathematics

Mathematicians, scientists and naturalists have known this ratio for years. It's derived from something known as the Fibonacci sequence, named after its Italian founder, Leonardo Fibonacci (whose birth is assumed to be around 1175 AD and death around 1250 AD). Each term in this sequence is simply the sum of the two preceding terms (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, etc.).

But this sequence is not all that important; rather, it is the quotient of the adjacent terms that possesses an amazing proportion, roughly 1.618, or its inverse 0.618. This proportion is known by many names: the golden ratio, the golden mean, PHI and the divine proportion, among others. So, why is this number so important? Well, almost everything has dimensional properties that adhere to the ratio of 1.618, so it seems to have a fundamental function for the building blocks of nature.

Prove It!

Don't believe it? Take honeybees, for example. If you divide the female bees by the male bees in any given hive, you will get 1.618. Sunflowers, which have opposing spirals of seeds, have a 1.618 ratio between the diameters of each rotation. This same ratio can be seen in relationships between different components throughout nature.

Still don't believe it? Need something that's easily measured? Try measuring from your shoulder to your fingertips, and then divide this number by the length from your elbow to your fingertips. Or try measuring from your head to your feet, and divide that by the length from your belly button to your feet. Are the results the same? Somewhere in the area of 1.618? The golden ratio is seemingly unavoidable.

But that doesn't mean that it works in finance … does it? Actually, the markets have the very same mathematical base as these natural phenomena. Below we will examine some ways in which this ratio can be applied to finance, and we'll show you some charts to prove it!

The Fibonacci Studies and Finance

When used in technical analysis, the golden ratio is typically translated into three percentages: – 38.2%, 50% and 61.8%. However, more multiples can be used when needed, such as 23.6%, 161.8%, 423% and so on. There are four primary methods for applying the Fibonacci sequence to finance: retracements, arcs, fans and time zones.

1. Fibonacci Retracements

Fibonacci retracements use horizontal lines to indicate areas of support or resistance. They are calculated by first locating the high and low of the chart. Then five lines are drawn: the first at 100% (the high on the chart), the second at 61.8%, the third at 50%, the fourth at 38.2% and the last one at 0% (the low on the chart). After a significant price movement up or down, the new support and resistance levels are often at or near these lines. Take a look at the chart below, which illustrates some retracements:

Created Using MetaTrader

2. Fibonacci Arcs

Finding the high and low of a chart is the first step to composing Fibonacci arcs. Then, with a compass-like movement, three curved lines are drawn at 38.2%, 50% and 61.8%, from the desired point. These lines anticipate the support and resistance levels, and areas of ranging. Take a look at the chart below, which illustrates how these arcs do this:

Created Using MetaTrader

3. Fibonacci Fans

Fibonacci fans are composed of diagonal lines. After the high and low of the chart is located, an invisible vertical line is drawn though the rightmost point. This invisible line is then divided into 38.2%, 50% and 61.8%, and lines are drawn from the leftmost point through each of these points. These lines indicate areas of support and resistance. Take a look at the chart below:

Created Using MetaTrader

4. Fibonacci Time Zones

Unlike the other Fibonacci methods, time zones are a series of vertical lines. They are composed by dividing a chart into segments with vertical lines spaced apart in increments that conform to the Fibonacci sequence (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, etc.). These lines indicate areas in which major price movement can be expected.

Created Using MetaTrader

Conclusion

These Fibonacci studies are not intended to provide the primary indications for timing the entry and exit of a stock; however, they are useful for estimating areas of support and resistance. Many people use combinations of Fibonacci studies to obtain a more accurate forecast. For example, a trader may observe the intersecting points in a combination of the Fibonacci arcs and resistances. Many more use the Fibonacci studies in conjunction with other forms of technical analysis. For example, the Fibonacci studies are often used with Elliott Waves to predict the extent of the retracements after different waves. Hopefully you can find your own niche use for the Fibonacci studies, and add it to your set of investment tools!

Read more: Fibonacci And The Golden Ratio | Investopedia http://www.investopedia.com/articles/technical/04/033104.asp#ixzz4Uf747hg7

உங்களுக்கு golden ratio என்பதை பற்றி தெரியுமா?
Fibonacci number...??
இவை நம்மை சுற்றி இயற்கையில் ..இயற்கையாகவே அமைந்து உள்ள ஒரு அதிசய கணிதம்..
இவைகள் என்னவென்பதை பற்றி இன்று பார்ப்போம்..

உங்களுக்கு "pi "என்பதை பற்றி தெரிந்திருக்கும்..அதாவது.. அந்த 3.14....
ஆனால் "phi" பற்றி தெரியுமா?
இது கிரேக்க எழுத்துக்களில் 21 வது எழுத்து. கணிதத்தில் இதுதான் " கோல்டன் ரேஷியோ" காண சிம்பல்.

ஒரு பெரிய கோட்டை இரண்டாக பிரிக்கிறீர்கள்.. சரிபாதியாக அல்ல ஒன்னு பெரிது ஒன்னு சின்னதாக... இப்போது அந்த பெரிய கோட்டை சின்ன கோட்டை கொண்டு வகுத்தால் வரும் எண் இருக்கிறதே.. அது அந்த கோட்டின் மொத்த நீளத்தை பெரிய கோடை கொண்டு வகுத்தால் வரும் எண்ணுக்கு சமமாக இருப்பதை ...அந்த விகிதாசாரதைதான் Golden ratio என்கிறார்கள்.
கோல்டன் ரேஸ்யோவை குறிக்க phi யை பயன் படுத்த காரணம்.. முன்பு சொன்ன அந்த விகிதாச்சாரம் phi இன் மதிப்பாகிய 1.6 க்கு நெருக்கமாக இருப்பது தான்.

இந்த phi ஆர்வலர்கள் ஆய்வாளர்கள்
அந்த காலத்தில் கட்டபட்ட.. மர்மம் நிறைந்த கட்டிடமான பிரமிட்.. இந்த கோல்டன் ரேஷியோ படி கட்ட பட்டுள்ளதை கவனித்தார்கள். க்ரேட் பிரமிடு கிசா இருக்கிறதே அதன் ஓவொரு பக்கத்திலும் அதன் நீளம் 786 அடி. மேலும் அதன் உயரம் 481 அடி.. அதாவது இவை இரண்டுக்கும் உள்ள விகிதம் 1.57 .அதாவது phi யின் மதிப்புக்கு மிக நெருக்கமாய்.
இப்படி பிரமிடுகளில் மட்டும் அல்லாமல் பழைய கட்டிடங்கள் பல வற்றில் இந்த கோல்டன் ரேஸ்யோ பயன்படுத்த பட்டிருப்பதை கவனிதார்கள்.

பிபோனாச்சி நம்பர் என்பதை நீங்கள் கேள்வி பட்டிருப்பீர்கள்.

1200 களில் லியனார்டோ பிபோனச்சி
என்ற கனிதவியலாளரால் இது கண்டுபிடிக்க பட்டது.
அதாவது 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34, இப்படி எழுதுவது தான் பிபோநாச்சி நம்பர்.. இதில் உள்ள சிறப்பு என்ன என்று கவனித்தால் எந்த ஒரு நம்பரும் அதற்கு முந்தய இரு நம்பர்களின் கூட்டு தொகையாக இருக்கும்.
இந்த எண்களின் மாறும் விகிதம் தான் கோல்டன் ரேஷியோ.... இது phi மதிப்பிற்கு நெருக்கமாக உள்ளது.. அதிலும் எண்கள் பெரிதாக பெரிதாக phi மதிப்பாகிய 1.618 ஐ அதிகம் நெருங்குகிறது.

உதாரணமாக 3 கும்5 கும் இடையிலான விகிதம் 1.666 ஆனால் 13 க்கும் 21 க்கும் இடையிலான விகிதம் 1.625... இன்னும் பெரிய என்னானால்... 144 கும் 233 கும் பார்த்தால் 1.618 இப்படி....

லியர்னடோ டாவின்ஸி தான் வரைந்த ஓவியங்களில் இந்த கோல்டன் ரேஷியோ சமாச்சாரத்தை பயன்படுத்தி இருக்கிறார்.
அவரது லாஸ்ட் சப்பர் ஓவியத்தில் இயேசு தனது சீடர்களுடன் உணவு உண்ணும் காட்சியில் உள்ள மேஜை மற்றும் சில பொருட்களில் இந்த விகிதாச்சாரத்தை பயன்படுத்தி வரையப்பட்டுள்ளது. அவரது மோனோலிசா ஓவியம் கூட இதை பயன் படுத்தி வரைய பட்டது தான்.

இதை மனிதன் பயன்படுத்தி இருக்கிறான் என்பதை இவ்வளவு நேரம் நான் சொன்னது இல்லை ஆச்சர்யம்..
இனி சொல்ல போவது தான் ஆச்சர்யம்..

இயற்கை தனது படைப்பில் இதை தொடர்ந்து பயன்படுத்தி வருகிறது.
ஒரு சூரிய காந்தி பூவில் மையத்தில் சுருள் சுருளாக இருக்கிறதே அந்த டிசைன் அதை உற்று கவனித்தால் கோல்டன் ரேஷ்யோ படி அமைந்துள்ளதை கவனிக்கலாம் .. ஒரு மரத்தில் கிளைகள் அதில் இலைகள் எப்படி எந்த எண்ணிக்கையில் படி படியாக வளர்கிறது என்று பார்த்தால் இந்த விகிதம் தான்.
தாவரத்தில் மட்டும் அல்ல ஒரு நத்தையின் ஓடு இந்த விகித அடிப்படையில் தான் சுருளாக இருக்கிறது.. விலங்குகளின் உடலமைப்பை கவனித்தால் இந்த விகிதம் இருக்கிறது.
அவ்வளவு ஏன் மனிதனின் கைகள் மற்றும் விரல்கள் இந்த விகிதத்தில் தான் அமைந்துள்ளது என்றால் பார்த்து கொள்ளலாம்.

இப்போது இனொன்று சொல்கிறேன் இயற்கை உயிரினங்களில் மட்டும் இல்லை .. பல இயற்கை ஆற்றல்களில் ...படைப்புகளில் இதை வெளிப்படுத்துகிறது.. என்பது இன்னும் ஆச்சரியமானது.
சூறாவளி ஏற்படும் போது அதன் சுழல் கவனித்தால் இந்த விகிதத்தை பார்க்கலாம்..
கடல் அலையை கவனித்தால் இந்த கோல்டன் ரேஷியோ சமாச்சாரத்தை பார்க்கலாம்.
இன்னும் எங்கெங்கே இயற்கை இதை பயன் படுத்துகிறது என்பதை ஆராய மனிதன் சிரிதினும் சிறிதான DNA சுருளை ஆராய்ந்து பார்க்க அந்த சுருளே இந்த விகிதத்தில் தான் அமைந்துள்ளது என்பதை பார்த்து அதிசையித்தான்.. பிறகு பெரிதினும் பெரிதான கேலக்சிகளை அதன் சுருள் அமைப்பை ஆராய்ந்த மனிதன் இந்த பிரபஞ்சமே அந்த கோல்டன் ரேஷியோ வை பயன்படுத்தி அமைந்துள்ளதை கண்டு மேலும் அதிசயித்து போனான்..

இந்த பிரபஞ்சம் அறிவியலால் ஆனது என்று எப்போதும் சொல்லி வந்துள்ளோம்..ஆனால் அது நாணயத்தின் ஒரு பக்கம் தான் அதன் அடுத்த பக்கத்தில் பிரபஞ்சம் முழுக்க.. முழுக்க கணிதத்தால் ஆனது என்ற அதிசயத்தை வியந்து நோக்கி இன்றைய கட்டுரையை நிறைவு செய்கிறேன்.

அன்பு நண்பன் அறிவியல் காதலன் :ரா.பிரபு

Shirdi Sai Baba Aarti - Sunset 5:30 pm Live feel Prayer by Shirdi Mandir...

NINE BASIC THINGS FOR EVERY MECHANICAL ENGINEER

1. What does CC mean in Car engine?

Now, cc stands for cubic centimetres - It is a unit to measure the engine's displacement.

This is the measurement of the volume of the engine's cylinders or "compartments".

Now, when you read 200 cc it means the volume of the cylinder is 200 cubic centimeters.

CC can also be expressed in the form of litres. So, 200 cc = 0.2 L engine.

Remember that: 1 cubic centimeter = 0.001 liters = 1 milli liter.

With that you can understand that more cc does not mean more power. So, that brings to the most asked question: Does more cc mean more fuel consumption?

From what I've read, it is generally true that a vehicle with more displacement will have more fuel consumption.

However, there are very many other factors that affect fuel efficiency.

Therefore, by minimizing engine displacement, you will not ensure increased fuel efficiency.

2. What is meant by 'wheelbase' and 'ground clearance' in a car?

Wheelbase:

In a car, there are two rods used to connect the center of the wheels, one on the front and another on the rear.

The distance between these two rods or axles of a vehicle is known as its wheelbase.

This term is generally checked while buying a car to see how much large the cabin is. The longer the wheelbase, the more the interior room in the car's cabin.

Ground Clearance:

It means the distance between the ground (the point where the tire meets the ground) and the under side of the chassis i.e. any parts that aren't designed to touch the ground. The manufacturers generally mention this distance in millimetres or inches in the list of specifications.

High Ground Clearance Vs. Low Ground Clearance:

More the ground clearance, more is the vehicle capable of moving on off-road, bumpy, rough terrains. For this reason, you will generally find that SUVs are designed with high ground clearance.

If the vehicles has low ground clearance will have low center of gravity and that leads to better handling and performance.

A balance between a high and low ground clearance is needed and you'll find this being achieved in the most executive sedans.

3.What does air-cooled engine mean?

As is apparent from the term we are looking at, Air-cooled engines have air circulating over the hot parts of the engine to cool it. Now I can't put a diagrammatic explanation here, but it is pretty clear even with just the theory.

Most cars we use today have modern internal combustion engines.

A great percentage of the heat generated through these engines is released through the exhaust.

The remaining is handled traditionally by using a liquid coolant that is passed through a closed circuit over the cylinder head and engine block.

The liquid coolant absorbs heat and when it reaches the heat exchanger or radiator of the car, it released the heat into air.

Now you may feel that isn't the engine being ultimately cooled by air. Well yes, but because a liquid-coolant circuit was used, this system is called water-cooled engine.

In contrast, the air-cooled engines have the heat generated released directly into the air. Natural air flow plays a big part in this.

4.What is the difference between Multi Utility Vehicle (MUV) and Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)?

SUV is a term used to denote any vehicle that looks like a station wagon.

They are equipped with four-wheel drive or all-wheel drive.

Their design aims to display superior off-road and towing capabilities and bigger seating capacity.

Example: Mahindra Scorpio, Ford Ecosport, Renault Duster, Toyota Fortuner etc.

MUV is a type of vehicle designed in a shape of van.

They typically allow easy conversion between multiple combinations of passenger and luggage capacity.

Example: Toyota Innova, Maruti Ertiga, Renaulta Lodgy, Honda Mobilio etc.

5. What is the difference between Automatic transmission and Manual transmission?

Automatic transmission have only few select options, like forward, neutral and reverse. Where manual transmission will have complete gear selector.

For buyers, Automatic means a vehicle will select a appropriate Gear by itself as 1st, 2nd or .... as per the vehicle speed and load. where in Manual a driver has to decide and put vehicle in correct gear to move in desired form.

Automatic may have solenoid gear selector or a complex mechanism of overdrive and clutches which we see in luxurious vehicles only.

6. Front and Rear suspension - What do they mean and why are they needed?

First why suspension, between you vehicle body and wheels suspension are the main medium which holds vehicle and make moving when moving wheels. second suspension is for absorbing sudden shocks from round terrain. Each wheel have separate suspension for independent work( minds its for cars only, trucks may have different arrangements)

in every cars there are two axles front and rear. each axles will get two suspension of same type on both the wheels.

For buyers, Front suspension has some difference bcoz front suspension has to modify and adjust as per the turning on front wheel in corners. whereas rear wheels has to Go straight only.

7. What is the difference between 4-cylinder engine and 3-cylinder engine?

4 or 3 cylinder engine - it implies number of cylinder and piston you have in your engine. More number of cylinder means more CC and more power. and also it increases size of the engine.

8. What is drivetrain and powertrain and why is it important?

Powertrain

The powertrain is composed of everything that makes the vehicle move. These components include the engine which generates the initial energy, the transmission that distributes it and produces torque and all the other components of the drivetrain that help to propel the body forward. It can be expressed in terms of a mathematical equation for simpler understanding:

Powertrain = [Engine] + [Drivetrain]

The output from the power sources are controlled by a transmission system and the driveline to deliver torque to the wheels. The circular motion of the crankshaft is transmitted to the rear wheels through the gearbox, clutch, universal joints, drive shafts or propeller shafts, the differential and the axles connected to the wheels.

The application of engine power to the driving wheels through the collaborative effort of each of these components is called the power transmission. All wheel drive vehicles have two sets of these components to distribute the power almost equally to the front and the rear.

Drivetrain

The drivetrain is the part of a motorized carriage that connects the engine and transmission to the wheel axles through a number of other components. Drivetrain consists of all components after the transmission.

9. What is the difference between All-wheel drive and four-wheel drive?

All wheel drive - means the power as explained in power goes from engine to all wheels of a vehicle basically the term uses for multi axle heavy duty trucks or trailer tractors.

Four Wheel Drive- as it says power goes to 4 wheel drive only.

4×4 (also, four-wheel drive and 4WD)

Reflecting two axles with both wheels on each capable of being powered.

6×6 (also, six-wheel drive and 6WD)

Reflecting three axles with both wheels on each capable of being powered.

8×8 (also, eight-wheel drive and 8WD)

Reflecting four axles with both wheels on each capable of being powered.

Cell Therapy (Setting the Body’s ‘Own Killer T Cells Loose on Cancer)

Cellular Immune Therapy of Cancer

Most of the above approaches have the limitation that they require delivery of a "corrective" gene to every cancer cell, a demanding task. An alternative is to harness the immune system, which may have an ability to actively seek out cancer cells. In healthy adults, the immune system recognizes and kills precancerous cells as well early cancer cells, but cancer progression is an evolutionary process and results in large part from an immune-evasive adaptive response to the cancer microenvironment affecting both the afferent and efferent arms of the immune response arc. This results in inhibition of the ability of a patient’s immune system to target and eradicate the tumor cells. To this end, investigators are developing and testing several cell therapy strategies to correct impairment of the host-cancer immune interaction and as a consequence, to improve the immune system’s ability to eliminate cancer.

Cell therapy for cancer refers to one or more of 3 different approaches: (i) therapy with cells that give rise to a new immune system which may be better able to recognize and kill tumor cells through the infusion of hematopoietic stem cells derived from either umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood, or bone marrow cells, (ii) therapy with immune cells such as dendritic cells which are designed to activate the patient’s own resident immune cells (e.g. T cells) to kill tumor cells, and (iii) direct infusion of immune cells such as T cells and NK cells which are prepared to find, recognize, and kill cancer cells directly. In all three cases, therapeutic cells are harvested and prepared in the laboratory prior to infusion into the patient. Immune cells including dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells, can be selected for desired properties and grown to high numbers in the laboratory prior to infusion. Challenges with these cellular therapies include the ability of investigators to generate sufficient function and number of cells for therapy.  

Clinical trials of cell therapy for many different cancers are currently ongoing. More recently, scientists have developed novel cancer therapies by combining both gene and cell therapies. Specifically, investigators have developed genes which encode for artificial receptors, which, when expressed by immune cells, allow these cells to specifically recognize cancer cells thereby increasing the ability of these gene modified immune cells to kill cancer cells in the patient. One example of this approach, which is currently being studied at multiple centers, is the gene transfer of a class of novel artificial receptors called “chimeric antigen receptors” or CARs for short, into a patient’s own immune cells, typically T cells. Investigators believe that this approach may hold promise in the future for patients many different types of cancer. To this end, multiple pilot clinical trials for a variety of cancer types using T cells genetically modified to express tumor specific CARs are ongoing, some of which are showing promising results.

After a long, intense pursuit, researchers are close to
bringing to market a daring new treatment: cell therapy
that turbocharges the immune system to fight cancer.

The patient’s T-cells, the soldiers of the immune system, are extracted from the patient’s blood, then genetically engineered to recognize and destroy cancer
The redesigned cells are multiplied in the laboratory, and millions or billions of them are put back into the patient’s bloodstream, set loose like a vast army of tumor assassins.
The killer cells are genetically engineered to produce a complex protein, an amalgam of pieces from different parts of the immune system that is unlike anything seen before.
http://www.nytimes.com/…/cancer-cell-therapy-immune-system.…
http://www.foxnews.com/…/cells-dripped-into-brain-help-man-…

When 5-year-old Emily Whitehead was first diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common pediatric cancer, her parents were optimistic – the cure rate for ALL can be as high as 85 percent. “We felt pretty hopeful at that point,” says her mom, Kari.

But the chemotherapy treatments were hard on Emily. She suffered from constant pain and nausea and developed a life-threatening infection in her legs. Her cancer went into remission twice, but each time it returned.

Soon, it became clear that there was not much more Emily’s doctors could do.

That’s when her parents brought her to The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP).

A Dramatic Recovery

The days immediately after Emily received the T cell therapy were harrowing. She spent over a week in CHOP’s Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, on a ventilator and heavily sedated. Her symptoms were an indication that the T cells were hard at work in her body. But her body’s reaction to the cells was so intense she nearly died.

Then her medical team made another breakthrough. One night, after they found abnormal levels of a certain protein in her blood, they were able to identify a medication – one not typically used in cancer patients – that they believed would block the effects of the protein.

The team administered the drug to Emily, with dramatic results. “The ICU doctor told me that he had never seen a patient that sick get better that quickly,” says Grupp.

Over the next weeks, Emily completely recovered from the illness that resulted from the T cell therapy – and tests soon revealed that her leukemia was in remission.

Emily went home from the hospital on June 1. And thus far, she remains in remission.