அம்மாவும், அப்பாவும் கூலி ...(கன்யாகுமரி ஜில்லா) எம்எல்ஏ லீமாரோஸ்

திருவட்டாரு (கன்யாகுமரி ஜில்லா) எம்எல்ஏ லீமாரோஸ். அவரைத் தேடிச் சென்ற போது ஒரு டீக்கடையில் தனியாக நின்று டீ குடித் துக் கொண்டிருந்தார். யாரும் அவரு டன் இல்லை. தனி மனுஷி!“ஒருமுறை மக்கள் பிரச்சனைக்காக அரசு அலுவலகத்திற்குப் போன போது உள்ளே விட மறுத்துட்டாங்க. எம்எல்ஏன்னா ஆடம்பரமாக பெரிய படையோட வரணும்னு எதிர்பார்க்குறாங்க அதிகாரிங்க. என்னோட அடையாள அட்டையைக் காட்டினதற்கு அப்புறம்தான் உள்ளேயே விட்டாங்க” என்கிறார். இந்தக் காலத்திலும்எம்எல்ஏவுக்கான எந்த அடையாளமும் இல்லாமல் இருப்பவர்.‘எங்க போனாலும் பஸ்தாங்க. பலமுறை எம்எல்ஏன்னு நடத்துனர் கிட்ட சொன்னாக் கூட நம்ப மறுக்கிறாங்க.சாதாரண குடும்பத்துல இருந்து வந்தவள் நான். ஊர்ல என் அம்மாவும், அப்பாவும் கூலி வேலைக்குப் போறாங்க. இந்த மக்கள் என்னை மாதிரியான ஒரு ஏழ்மையான பின்னணியில் இருந்து வந்தவளை ஏற்றுக் கொண்டாங்க இல்லையா? அவங்களுக்கு தான் நான் நன்றி சொல்லணும்’ என்று சொல்லும் லீமாரோஸ் பணபலம் இல்லாமல் வெற்றி பெற்ற எம்எல்ஏ.‘உங்களுக்கு என்று உள்ள சொத்து என்ன?’ என்றால், பெரியதாக சிரித்த வர்… ‘ஒன்றுமில்ல. 2002ல் இருந்து மூன்று மாசத்துக்கு ஒருமுறை 359 ரூபாய் பிரீமியம் கட்டுற மாதிரி ஒரு எல்ஐசி பாலிசி போட்டேன். அதான் என் சொத்து’ என்று நம்மை பதற்றப் பட வைக்கிறார்.கட்சி இவருக்கு சம்பளமாக கொடுப்பது மாதம் 4 ஆயிரம்!“சட்டமன்றக் கூட்டத் தொடருக்கு வரும்போது கூட ரயிலில் இரண்டாம் வகுப்புலதான் வருகிறேன். ஏ.சி. கோச்ல வரலாமே என்று ரயில் பரிசோதனை அதிகாரிகள் கேட்கிறார்கள். எந்த கிளாஸ்ல வந்தா என்ன சார்? எல்லா ரயிலும் சென்னைக்குதானே வருகிறது?” என்று சொல்லும் லீமா ரோஸ், நன்மாறன் மாதிரியான எம்எல் ஏக்களை மக்கள் கௌரவிப்பார்களா?

Old Fort

Chemistry nobel DNA research lays foundation for new ways to fight cancer

Our cells are up against a daily onslaught of damage to the DNA that encodes our genes. It takes constant effort to keep up with the DNA disrepair – and if our cells didn't bother to try to fix it, we might not survive. The DNA damage repair pathways are an essential safeguard for the human genome.

The 2015 Nobel Laureates in chemistry received the prize for their pioneering work figuring out the molecular machinery that cells use to repair that DNA damage. In their basic research, Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar each narrowed in on one piece of the DNA repair puzzle.

They've laid the framework for the research that many basic and translational scientists are expanding upon to try to crack cancer. Ironically, we're finding ways to turn that DNA repair system against cancerous cells that have often arisen from DNA damage in the first place.

DNA under siege

DNA is composed of four simple letters, or nucleotides, A, T, C and G. When combined, these nucleotides form the genetic code. There are approximately 30,000 genes in the human genome.

Each time a cell grows and divides, every single gene needs to be faithfully copied to the next generation of cells. This process of DNA replication is constantly threatened by both internal and external sources of DNA damage. There are environmental sources such as radon from the earth or UV light from the sun. Or it can be just a mistake, happening within the cell as a consequence of normal growth and division.

அமெரிக்க அதிபர் பாரக் ஒபாமா கண்ணியமாய் கைகுலுக்கிக் கொண்டு இருக்கும் இந்தச் சிறுமி யார்? தீபிகா குரூப்

அப்படி என்ன செய்துவிட்டாள் இந்த இந்தியச் சிறுமி?
அப்படித்தானே கேட்க்கத் தோன்றுகிறது??

இந்திய மூளையைக் கொண்டிருக்கும் இந்தச் சிறுமியை ’அமெரிக்காவின் தலைசிறந்த இளம் ஆராச்சியாளர்’ என்று சொந்தம் கொண்டாடுகிறது அமெரிக்கா. ஆச்சர்யமா இருக்கா??
உண்மைதான், கேரளாவின் தலைநகரம் திருவனந்தபுரத்தைச் சார்ந்த பெற்றோருக்குப்
பிறந்த தீபிகா குரூப் தற்போது
பொற்றோருடன் அமெரிக்காவின் போஸ்டன் நகரில் வசிக்கிறார்.

14 வயதே ஆன தீபிகா தனது விடுமுறை நாள்களை கழிப்பதற்காக இந்தியா வந்தபோது பார்த்த ஒரு நிகழ்வு அவரை ஒரு ஆராச்சியாளராக மாற்றியுள்ளது.

தீபிகா தன் கண்ணால் பார்த்த காட்சி எது தெரியுமா? கிராமத்தில் வாழும் சிறுவர்கள் தேங்கிக் கிடக்கும் குட்டையில் தண்ணீர் குடித்ததைப் பார்த்ததுதான். மாசு நிறைந்த
தண்ணீரைக் குடிக்கிறார்களே….
இவர்களுக்காக ஏதேனும் செய்தாகனும் என்ற
முடிவுடன் அமெரிக்கா திரும்பிய தீபிகா
தனது ஆராய்ச்சியினைத் துவக்கினார்.
சூரிய சக்தியினைக் கொண்டு நீரைத்
தூய்மைப்படுத்தும் ஒரு கலன்
உருவாக்குவதே அவரின் இலட்சியமாய்
இருந்தது. தனது ஆசிரியர்களின் உதவியுடன் திட்டம் தயாரித்து ஆராய்ச்சியில் இறங்கிவிட்டார். அதில் அவர் வெற்றியும் கண்டார். நூற்றுக்கணக்கான மாணவர்களின்
ஆராய்ச்சித் திட்டஙகளில் கடைசியாக கணிதம் மற்றும் அறிவியல்வகை சார்ந்த ஒன்பது மாணவர்களின் கண்டுபிடிப்புகள் இறுதித்
தேர்வுக்கு எடுத்துக்கொள்ளப்பட்டன. அவற்றில்.முதல் பரிசினைப் பெற்றது தீபிகாவின் கண்டுபிடிப்பு.

25,000 அமெரிக்க டாலர் பரிசுத்தொகையுடன்
முதலிடமும், அதிபரின் பாராட்டும்
கிடைத்தது வெறும் கண்டுபிடிப்புக்கு
மட்டுமல்ல; ”இந்தியா மற்றும் இதுபோன்ற இன்னும் சில நாடுகளில் சுகாதாரமற்ற குடிநீரைக் குடிக்கும் குழந்தைகளின் நலன் காக்கவே எனது கண்டுபிடிப்பான சூரிய மின்சக்தியில் இயங்கும் தண்ணீர் சுத்திகரிப்புக் குவளை பயன்படும்” என்று
சொன்ன மனிதமும் தான்.

Ubiquitous fundamental fractal dimension to reality,

There exists a ubiquitous fundamental fractal dimension to reality,to the effect that,there is a never ending ontological chain in Experience.
In case of our Experience as we call it "Life" in its broadest sense possible,the richness of life depends directly on how many dimensions of that reality we can tap into and how much of them.
Lets have a thought experiment; Imagine a 2 year old child with a laptop.
He/she may not be even able to turn it on,but going towards the other end of our continuum we can imagine at least 2 distinct layers of reality going on under the skin of this square-shape flat object,Namely,Its digital ontology and the deeper ontological layer of "Cyber space."
Now what enables a person to interact with these sub-dimensional realities is the ability to use Interfaces,which allow him/her to map one ontological dimension onto another.Windows is a good example of an interface between the semantic and digital ontologies.Which in turn is the result of mapping physical ontologies of our physical Experience onto our Lexicon.

What allows humans to exist in a multidimensional and incredibly rich "World" in comparison with other units of consciousness is the multiplexity of their physical Experience,which itself is a consequence of ;first,the multiple forms of data collecting sensors,namely our senses,and second,the considerably higher and more complex storing and processing systems for the data.
It is obviously observable in the case of Human Languages.To an individual unequipped with the conceptual toolbox to either access the data or the necessary Lexicon to map and process the data packages and neither the instructions to map them onto physical reality(Grammar),he/she is completely blind to this dimension of reality.

Leonardo DiCaprio (UN Messenger of Peace) at the opening of Climate Summ...

Improve Eyesight ::

EYE EXERCISES
1. Blink your eyes as fast as you can for some time.
2. Close the eyes tightly for some time and then open. Do this for 5 times.
3. Roll your eyes in clockwise as well as anticlockwise direction for 5 times.
4. While walking on the road or when you are in an open space, look as far as possible.
5. Look at an advertisement or some written material from a far place and try to read it by focusing your eyes.

FOOD THAT IS GOOD FOR EYE
1. Carrot
2. Eggs
3. Milk
4. Apricots
5. Berries
6. Black Currants
7. Cold-water Fish
8. Collard Greens
9. Grapefruits
10. Grapes
11. Lemons
12. Spinach
13. Fish Oils

HARMFUL FOR YOUR EYES
1. Foods and additives containing Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
2. Looking directly into the sun for some time.
3. Drugs which are harmful to the eyes
4. Cell phone games may also be harmful.

King Tutankhamen

Panasonic has made the world's most efficient rooftop solar panel

At the end of last week, solar technology company SolarCity, which was co-founded by Tesla CEO Elon Musk, made headlines when it announced it had developed the most efficient rooftop solar panel to date, with a module-level efficiency of 22.04 percent. Now, just a few days later, Panasonic has one-upped them by announcing a rooftop panel prototype that's nearly half a percent more efficient.

"Sorry Elon, I'mma let you finish..." and, well, you know how that pun goes. What's cool about Panasonic's record-breaking prototype is that it was mass-produced, and able to convert 22.5 percent of sunlight into electrical energy straight off the production line, which means it'll be easily commercialised and presumably relatively cheap for consumers.

Right about now you're probably wondering why this is a big deal, when researchers have already managed to convert the Sun's rays into electricity with more than 40 percent efficiency, and just last year Panasonic themselves announced they'd madea solar cell with 25.6 percent efficiency. 

What's new is that this power conversion rate was achieved by an entire, commercial-sized rooftop solar panel, rather than an individual crystalline silicon solar cell. And yes, scientists have achieved better power conversion efficiencies in the past with different panels, but generally that's only been done by either:

• setting up a system of solar panels
• using alternative solar cells, such as multi-junction solar cells, instead of crystalline silicon solar cells, or
• concentrating sunlight before it hits solar panels.

According to Panasonic, their new solar panel is a 72-cell, 270-watt prototype, and was built using crystalline silicon solar cells - the type most commonly used in rooftop set-ups.

Crystalline silicon solar cells are less efficient than other technology, and it's unlikely they're going to get much better than they are now, with only small percentage gains being made over the past decade. But what's good about them is they're relatively cheap and easy to make.

That's why this new record is important, because it's not just straight solar to electricity efficiency that matters - it's the cost per watt ratio. And even though 22.5 percent may not sound that impressive, this prototype will be significantly cheaper when it hits the market than those multi-junction solar cells that are able to achieve 40+ percent energy conversion.

This chart from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory provides a great break-down of the different photovoltaic cells currently being developed and their efficiencies (high-res here).

The Panasonic prototype record has been confirmed by the Japanese National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and will be discussed at the Solar Energy UK exhibition held in Birmingham next week.

thanks http://www.sciencealert.com/

வீட்டில் விளக்கேற்றி வழிபடும்போது

வீட்டில் விளக்கேற்றி வழிபடும்போது பஞ்சால் திரியிடுவதே மிகவும் சிறப்பானதாகும்.

1. வாழைத் தண்டினை நூலாகத் திரித்து ஏற்றினால் தெய்வ சம்பந்தமான குற்றங்கள் நீங்குவதோடு செய்வினைக் கோளாறுகளும் நிவர்த்தியாகும். மழலைச் செல்வம் ஏற்படும். குடும்பத்தில் எவரேனும் சாபமிட்டிருந்தால் அது நீங்கும்.

2. தாமரைத் தண்டைத் திரிந்து ஏற்றினால் முன்வினை, பாவம் நீங்கும். செல்வம் நிலைத்து நிற்கும்.

3. வெள்ளெருக்கு பட்டையை திரியாக்கிப் போட்டால் செல்வம் அதிகரிக்கும்.

4. புதுச் சிவப்பு சேலைத் துண்டினைத் திரியாக்கி ஏற்றினால் திருமணத்தடை விலகுவதுடன், புத்திரப்பேரும் கைகூடும்.

5. மஞ்சள் சேலைத் திரி என்றால் அம்பாள் அருள் அதிகரிப்பதுடன் மனப்பிரமையும் நீங்கும்.

6. வெள்ளை எருக்கலை திரி என்றால் பெருமளவில் செல்வம் தரும் பேய், பிசாசு தொல்லை அகலும்.

ஓரு சிகப்பத் துணியில் உங்கள் வயது எண்ணிக்கைக்கு தக்கவாறு மிளகு வைத்து முடிந்து, அதை அகல் விளக்கில் வைத்து நெய் விட்டு சனிக்கிழமை ராகு காலத்தில் அமிர்த கடிகை நேரமான 9:20 - க்கு மேல் 9:30 - க்குள் காலபைரவருக்கு 19 - வாரம் தீபம் ஏற்றினால் திராத நோயும் விலகும். ஏழரை சனி, அஷ்டமத்துச்சனியின் பாதிப்புகள்
அகலும்.

What is depression?

What is depression?

The word depressed is a common everyday word. People might say "I'm depressed" when in fact they mean "I'm fed up because I've had a row, or failed an exam, or lost my job", etc. These ups and downs of life are common and normal. Most people recover quite quickly. With true depression, you have a low mood and other symptoms each day for at least two weeks. Symptoms can also become severe enough to interfere with normal day-to-day activities.

Who gets depression?

About 5 in 100 adults have depression every year. Sometimes it is mild or lasts just a few weeks. However, an episode of depression serious enough to require treatment occurs in about 1 in 4 women and 1 in 10 men at some point in their lives. Some people have two or more episodes of depression at various times in their life.

What are the symptoms of depression?

Many people know when they are depressed. However, some people do not realise when they are depressed. They may know that they are not right and are not functioning well but don't know why. Some people think that they have a physical illness - for example, if they lose weight.

There is a set of symptoms that are associated with depression and help to clarify the diagnosis. These are:

Core (key) symptoms

• Persistent sadness or low mood. This may be with or without weepiness.
• Marked loss of interest or pleasure in activities, even for activities that you normally enjoy.

Other common symptoms

• Disturbed sleep compared with your usual pattern. This may be difficulty in getting off to sleep, or waking early and being unable to get back to sleep. Sometimes it is sleeping too much.
• Change in appetite. This is often a poor appetite and weight loss. Sometimes the reverse happens with comfort eating and weight gain.
• Tiredness (fatigue) or loss of energy.
• Agitation or slowing of movements.
• Poor concentration or indecisiveness. For example, you may find it difficult to read, work, etc. Even simple tasks can seem difficult.
• Feelings of worthlessness, or excessive or inappropriate guilt.
• Recurrent thoughts of death. This is not usually a fear of death, more a preoccupation with death and dying. For some people despairing thoughts such as "life's not worth living" or "I don't care if I don't wake up" are common. Sometimes these thoughts progress into thoughts and even plans for suicide.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

An episode of depression is usually diagnosed if:

• You have at least five out of the above nine symptoms, with at least one of these a core symptom; and:
  • Symptoms cause you distress or impair your normal functioning, such as affecting your work performance; and
  • Symptoms occur most of the time on most days and have lasted at least two weeks; and
  • The symptoms are not due to a medication side-effect, or to drug or alcohol misuse, or to a physical condition such as an underactive thyroid or pituitary gland. (However, see section later on depression and physical conditions.)

Many people with depression say that their symptoms are often worse first thing each day. Also, with depression, it is common to develop physical symptoms such as headaches, palpitations, chest pains and general aches. Some people consult a doctor at first because they have a physical symptom such as chest pains. They are concerned that they may have a physical problem such as a heart condition when it is actually due to depression. Depression is in fact quite a common cause of physical symptoms. But, the opposite (converse) is also true. That is, people with serious physical conditions are more likely than average to develop depression.

Some people with severe depression also develop delusions and/or hallucinations. These are called psychotic symptoms. A delusion is a false belief that a person has, and most people from the same culture would agree that it is wrong. For example, a belief that people are plotting to kill you or that there is a conspiracy about you. Hallucination means hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling, or tasting something that is not real.

Severity of depression

The severity of depression can vary from person to person. Severity is generally divided as follows:

• Severe depression - you would normally have most or all of the nine symptoms listed above. Also, symptoms markedly interfere with your normal functioning.
• Moderate depression - you would normally have more than the five symptoms that are needed to make the diagnosis of depression. Also, symptoms will usually include both core symptoms. Also, the severity of symptoms or impairment of your functioning is between mild and severe.
• Mild depression - you would normally have five of the symptoms listed above that are required to make the diagnosis of depression. However, you are not likely to have more than five or six of the symptoms. Also, your normal functioning is only mildly impaired.
• Subthreshold depression - you have fewer than the five symptoms needed to make a diagnosis of depression. So, it is not classed as depression. But, the symptoms you do have are troublesome and cause distress. If this situation persists for more than two years it is sometimes called dysthymia.

What causes depression?

The exact cause is not known. Anyone can develop depression. Some people are more prone to it and it can develop for no apparent reason. You may have no particular problem or worry, but symptoms can develop quite suddenly. So, there may be some genetic factor involved that makes some people more prone than others to depression. 'Genetic' means that the condition is passed on through families.

An episode of depression may also be triggered by a life event such as a relationship problem, bereavement, redundancy, illness, etc. In many people it is a mixture of the two. For example, the combination of a mild low mood with some life problem, such as work stress, may lead to a spiral down into depression.

Women tend to develop depression more often than men. Particularly common times for women to become depressed are after childbirth (postnatal depression) and the menopause.

Depression and physical conditions

Although the cause of depression is not clear, there are some useful things to remember about depression in relation to physical conditions.

• Depression is more common in people who are known to have certain physical conditions.
• The diagnosis of depression is sometimes confused with some undiagnosed diseases caused by physical conditions.

Known physical conditions

Depression is more common than average in people coping with serious or severe physical diseases. Although the treatment of the physical disease may take priority, the treatment of depression is also useful to improve overall well-being.

Undiagnosed physical conditions

Various physical conditions may at first seem to mimic depression. Doctors aim to be on the lookout for these diseases and may order tests to rule them out if one is suspected. Perhaps the most common examples are:

• An underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) - can make you feel quite low, weepy and tired. A blood test can diagnose this.
• An underactive pituitary gland (hypopituitarism) - the pituitary gland is just under the brain. It makes various hormones which have various actions. Sometimes one hormone can be deficient; sometimes more than one. There are various symptoms that can develop. These include loss of sex drive, sexual problems, infertility, uncontrollable weight gain and feeling low, depressed and even suicidal. Blood tests can help to diagnose hypopituitarism. There are various causes of hypopituitarism, including head injury.
• Head injury - even a relatively mild one, even many years ago. For example, studies have shown that rates of suicide (presumably related to depression) are more common than average in people who have previously had a head injury. The reason for this is not fully understood. However, one factor that may be significant in some cases is that a head injury may result in hypopituitarism, as discussed above.
• Polymyalgia rheumatica - this condition mainly affects older people. Typical symptoms include stiffness, pain, aching, feeling depressed and tenderness of the large muscles around the shoulders and upper arms. Feeling depressed can be the first main symptom before the other symptoms predominate.
• Early dementia - is sometimes confused with depression.
• Certain drugs, both prescribed and street (illicit) drugs - can cause side-effects which may mimic depression.

The rest of this leaflet is about depression of unknown cause that is not associated with any physical condition.

Some myths and other points about depression

Depression is common but many people don't admit to it. Some people feel there is a stigma attached, or that people will think they are weak. Great leaders such as Winston Churchill have suffered depression. Depression is one of the most common illnesses that GPs deal with. People with depression may be told by others to "pull their socks up" or "snap out of it". The truth is, they cannot,and such comments by others are very unhelpful.

Understanding that your symptoms are due to depression and that it is common, may help you to accept that you are ill and need help. Some people ask "Am I going mad?". It may be a relief to know that you are not going mad and that the symptoms you have are common and have been shared by many other people.

You may 'bottle up' your symptoms from friends and relatives. However, if you are open about your feelings with close family and friends, it may help them to understand and help.

What are the treatment options for depression?

In general, treatments are divided into those used for mild depression and those used for moderate and severe depression.

What if I don't have any treatment?

Most people with depression will get better without treatment. However, this may take several months or even longer. (The average length of an episode of depression is 6-8 months.) Meanwhile, living with depression can be difficult and distressing (and also for your family and friends). Relationships, employment, etc, may be seriously affected. There is also a danger that some people turn to alcohol or illegal drugs. Some people think of suicide. Therefore, many people with depression opt for treatment.

Treatment options for moderate or severe depression

Antidepressant medicines

Antidepressant medicines are commonly used to treat moderate or severe depression. A medicine cannot alter your circumstances. However, symptoms such as low mood, poor sleep, poor concentration, etc, are often eased with an antidepressant. This may then allow you to function more normally and increase your ability to deal with any problems or difficult circumstances.

An antidepressant does not usually work straightaway. It can take 2-4 weeks before the effect builds up fully. A common problem is that some people stop the medicine after a week or so as they feel it is not helping. You need to give it time. Also, if it is helping, follow the course that a doctor recommends. A normal course of an antidepressant lasts for at least six months after symptoms have eased. Some people stop their medication too early and the depression may then quickly return.

There are several types of antidepressants, each with various pros and cons. For example, they differ in their possible side-effects. (The leaflet that comes in the medicine packet provides a full list of possible side-effects.) If the first one that you try does not suit, then another may be found that will suit. So, tell your doctor if you have any problems with an antidepressant. Antidepressants are not tranquillisers and are not thought to be addictive.

People with moderate or severe depression have a good chance of improving within a few weeks of starting an antidepressant. But, they do not work in everybody. However, some antidepressants work better in some people than in others. Therefore, tell your doctor if symptoms do not start to improve after about 3-4 weeks of taking an antidepressant. In this situation it is common to advise either an increase in dose (if the maximum dose is not yet reached) or a switch to another type of antidepressant.

At the end of a course of treatment it is usual to reduce the dose gradually over about four weeks before finally stopping. This is because some people develop withdrawal symptoms if an antidepressant is stopped abruptly.

Psychological (talking) treatments

Various psychological treatments have been shown in research trials to be good treatments for depression. These are briefly listed below. In general, a combination of an antidepressant plus a psychological treatment is thought to be better than either treatment alone. However, further research is required to work out the best option. Typically, most psychological treatments for depression last in the range of 12-20 weekly sessions of 1-2 hours per session.

Those most commonly used for moderate or severe depression are:

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Briefly, cognitive therapy is based on the idea that certain ways of thinking can trigger, or fuel, certain mental health problems such as depression. The therapist helps you to understand your thought patterns. In particular, to identify any harmful or unhelpful ideas or thoughts which you have that can make you depressed. The aim is then to change your ways of thinking to avoid these ideas. Also, to help your thought patterns to be more realistic and helpful. Behavioural therapy aims to change any behaviours which are harmful or not helpful. CBT is a combination of cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy. In short, CBT helps people to achieve changes in the way that they think, feel and behave.
• Interpersonal therapy (IPT). This is sometimes offered instead of CBT. IPT is based on the idea that your personal relationships may play a large role in affecting your mood and mental state. The therapist helps you to change your thinking and behaviour and improve your interaction with others. For example, IPT may focus on issues such as bereavement or disputes with others that may be contributing to the depression.

Other types of therapy sometimes used, depending on circumstances, include:

• Behavioural activation. The basis of this therapy is that behaviours such as inactivity and ruminating on certain thoughts can be key factors in maintaining depression. The therapist aims to help you to combat these unhelpful behaviours.
• Couple therapy. This may be an option for people who have a regular partner and where the relationship contributes to the depression. Or, where involving the partner is considered to be of potential useful benefit.

Other treatments

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be advised as a last resort if you have severe depression which has not improved with other treatments.

Some promising possible new treatments

Some newer treatments have recently had some press coverage. None of those listed below is currently routine treatment for depression. However, further research may clarify how useful they are for depression:

• Eating a Mediterranean diet may help to prevent depression. One theory as to why this may help is that a diet high in olive oil may increase the amount of brain chemical called serotonin. This is similar to the effect of some antidepressants.
• Magnetic stimulation therapy. A study (cited below) that looked at magnetic stimulation of the brain showed promise to improve depression symptoms.
• Omega-3 supplements. One research study (cited below) has reported that some people with depression (but not people with depression and anxiety) had an improvement in symptoms after taking omega-3 supplements (fish oil supplements).
• Ketamine. A small study reported that an injection of ketamine improved symptoms for a few days in some people with otherwise treatment-resistant depression.

Some dos and don'ts about depression

• Don't bottle things up and 'go it alone'. Try to tell people who are close to you how you feel. It is not weak to cry or admit that you are struggling.
• Don't despair - most people with depression recover. It is important to remember this.
• Do try to distract yourself by doing other things. Try doing things that do not need much concentration but can be distracting, such as watching TV. Radio or TV is useful late at night if sleeping is a problem.
• Do eat regularly, even if you do not feel like eating. Try to eat a healthy diet.
• Don't drink too much alcohol. Drinking alcohol is tempting to some people with depression, as the immediate effect may seem to relieve the symptoms. However, drinking heavily is likely to make your situation worse in the long run. Also, it is very difficult either to assess or to treat depression if you are drinking a lot of alcohol.
• Don't make any major decisions whilst you are depressed. It may be tempting to give up a job or move away to solve the problem. If at all possible you should delay any major decisions about relationships, jobs, or money until you are well again.
• Do tell your doctor if you feel that you are getting worse, particularly if suicidal thoughts are troubling you.
• Sometimes a spell off work is needed. However, too long off work might not be so good, as dwelling on problems and brooding at home may make things worse. Getting back into the hurly-burly of normal life may help the healing process when things are improving. Each person is different and the ability to work will vary.
• Sometimes a specific psychological problem can cause depression but some people are reluctant to mention it. One example is sexual abuse as a child leading to depression or psychological difficulties as an adult. Tell your doctor if you feel something like this is the root cause of your depression. Counselling may be available for such problems.

Will it happen again?

A one-off episode of depression at some stage in life is common. However, some people have two, three, or more episodes of depression. You can have treatment for each episode. But, if you are prone to recurring episodes of depression, options that may be considered by you and your doctor include the following:

• To take an antidepressant long-term to help prevent depression from recurring.
• Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. This may be advised (if available) for people who are currently well but have had three or more episodes of depression. This therapy is a specialist type of talking treatment. There is good evidence that it can help to prevent the recurrence of depression. The therapy is typically done in groups of 8 to 15 people. It consists of weekly two-hour meetings over about eight weeks. There are then four follow-up sessions in the 12 months after the end of treatment.

Some related conditions

Postnatal depression

Some women develop depression just after having a baby. See separate leaflet calledPostnatal Depression for details.

Bipolar disorder

In some people, depression can alternate with periods of elation and overactivity (mania or hypomania). This is called bipolar disorder (sometimes called manic depression). Treatment tends to include mood stabilising medicines such as lithium. See separate leaflet called Bipolar Disorder for details.

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Some people develop recurrent depression in the winter months only. This is called seasonal affective disorder (SAD). For people in the UK with SAD, symptoms of depression usually develop each year sometime between September and November. They then continue until March or April. You and your doctor, may not realise for several years that you have SAD. This is because recurring depression is quite common. You may have been treated for depression several times over the years before it is realised that you have the seasonal pattern of SAD. Treatment of SAD is similar to other types of depression. However, light therapy is also effective. See separate leaflet called Seasonal Affective Disorder for details.

திருப்பதி ஏழுமலையான் தரிசனம்..!

The 7-Minute Miracle Of Japanese Train System

Vedalam Official Teaser | Ajith, Shruti Hassan | Anirudh , Siva

Fallen Angel In France Is Too Realistic

Cyborg brains are heading this way, soon (VIA FINANCIAL TIMES I BY FINANCIAL TIMES)

"Beyond resource allocation and patient selection lie broader questions about human identity as computerised implants enter our minds and bodies. Although human-machine hybrids worthy of the name “cyborg” are unlikely to appear in the real world for decades, even if research continues to accelerate and the cost of the technology begins to fall, it is not too soon to think about the implications of electronic enhancement of the healthy as well as the sick.

Some of the questions are similar to those that people have been asking for some time about future genetic enhancement. For instance, there will be issues of equity if a privileged few can afford to implant an electronic memory and mental performance booster beyond the means of the majority. On the other hand, human computerisation will raise some problems of its own, above all security and privacy. Sooner or later we will have to face up to the threat of malicious hacking into personal memories."
________________________________________________

Computing and neuroscience are coming together fast — a convergence illustrated vividly by the first use of a computer algorithm to process electrical signals in the human brain, disclosed this week. The implant developed at the University of Southern California helps a damaged brain to encode memories and offers the hope of banishing extreme forgetfulness, whether caused by injury or disease.

Recent advances are taking neurotechnology into realms that would have seemed science fiction a decade or two ago. For example, paralysed people can operate robotic arms and even move their own limbs when their thoughts are channelled through electronic implants. Superscanners are beginning to unlock the minds of some patients who were thought to be in a permanently vegetative state. And experiments with lab animals, free of ethical constraints that apply to human subjects, give a peek at future possibilities, such as rewriting memories to obliterate bad experiences and reinforce good ones.

Apart from expressing sheer wonder at the speed of progress in bioelectronics, how should society respond? Using information technology to manipulate human thoughts and memories clearly raises moral and ethical issues, but first we should welcome the promised medical benefits.

If clinical trials confirm that the USC prosthesis can restore memory in relatively young patients with head injuries or stroke, by encoding their brain signals to bypass the damaged brain region, that would be a fantastic advance.

But the researchers have also mentioned Alzheimer’s disease as a possible long-term application of the technology. Restoring memory through an implant in Alzheimer’s patients, who suffer from widespread and diffuse neurodegeneration, is likely to be more difficult technically than rerouting neural signals past a localised lesion caused by head injury or stroke.

Even if this becomes possible, there are troubling questions about the resources that should be devoted to using neural implants to treat progressive diseases in the elderly — and more generally about who should receive bioelectronic therapy.

As we look forward, excitement about neurotechnology should not blind us to the probability, little discussed in scientific circles, that the commercial production and surgical implantation of these devices will make them much more expensive than today’s relatively simple devices such as cochlear implants and heart pacemakers. People who blanch at the price of conventional biological medicines now may get a shock.

Beyond resource allocation and patient selection lie broader questions about human identity as computerised implants enter our minds and bodies. Although human-machine hybrids worthy of the name “cyborg” are unlikely to appear in the real world for decades, even if research continues to accelerate and the cost of the technology begins to fall, it is not too soon to think about the implications of electronic enhancement of the healthy as well as the sick.

Some of the questions are similar to those that people have been asking for some time about future genetic enhancement. For instance, there will be issues of equity if a privileged few can afford to implant an electronic memory and mental performance booster beyond the means of the majority. On the other hand, human computerisation will raise some problems of its own, above all security and privacy. Sooner or later we will have to face up to the threat of malicious hacking into personal memories.

Self-assembling material that grows and changes shape could lead to artificial arteries

Researchers at QMUL have developed a way of assembling organic molecules into complex tubular tissue-like structures without the use of moulds or techniques like 3D printing.

The study, which appeared in the journal Nature Chemistry, describes how peptides and proteins can be used to create materials that exhibit dynamic behaviors found in biological tissues like growth, morphogenesis, and healing.
The method uses solutions of peptide and protein molecules that, upon touching each other, self-assemble to form a dynamic tissue at the point at which they meet. As the material assembles itself it can be easily guided to grow into complex shapes.

This discovery could lead to the engineering of tissues like veins, arteries, or even the blood-brain barrier, which would allow scientists to study diseases such as Alzheimer’s with a high level of similarity to the real tissue, which is currently impossible. The technique could also contribute to the creation of better implants, complex tissues, or more effective drug screening methods.
Alvaro Mata, Director of the Institute of Bioengineering at QMUL and lead author of the paper, said:

“What is most exciting about this discovery is the possibility for us to use peptides and proteins as building-blocks of materials with the capacity to controllably grow or change shape, solely by self-assembly.

RNA editing and cancer

Genomic mutations in key genes are known to drive tumorigenesis and have been the focus of much attention in recent years. However, genetic content also may change farther downstream.

RNA editing alters the mRNA sequence from its genomic blueprint in a dynamic and flexible way. A few isolated cases of editing alterations in cancer have been reported previously.

Researchers provide a transcriptome-wide characterization of RNA editing across hundreds of cancer samples from multiple cancer tissues, and show that A-to-I editing and the enzymes mediating this modification are significantly altered, usually elevated, in most cancer types.

Increased editing activity is found to be associated with patient survival. As is the case with somatic mutations in DNA, most of these newly introduced RNA mutations are likely passengers, but a few may serve as drivers that may be novel candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

http://www.cell.com/cell-rep…/abstract/S2211-1247(15)00993-6

Construction of a hut a primitive dwelling by Timber and mud

Three enigmatic Giza pyramids and three stars forming the belt of the constellation of Orion

The gods left many signs using mathematics and astronomy, especially those signs built into the Great Pyramid. Robert Bauval discovered that the three enigmatic Giza pyramids are aligned the same as the three stars forming the belt of the constellation of Orion, the sign of Osiris, the most important of the early Egyptian gods. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the extensive preparations for the Pharaohs to make the dangerous journey to join Osiris in Orion. The illustration below shows that Al Nitak corresponds to the Great Pyramid. The Egyptian god Thoth taught that as in heaven, so on earth. The gods are pointing to Al Nitak and Sirius for reasons now known only by the gods.

Using Archaeoastronomy, Bauval calculates that 10,450BC is the time when the Orion belt and Al Nitak are lowest on the horizon. That is also the date with the best match between the orientation of the Giza Pyramids and the Orion belt stars. Later in this article, I will suggest that this “Earth in Upheaval” age and start of the Mayan Third Age of Man is one of the last three times the gods have visited Earth in mass. Plato and Cayce recorded that 10.500 BC is one of the date of the destruction of Atlantis. Physical and mythical signs have convinced me that extraterrestrial gods periodically intervene in human physical and cultural evolution. Next I will discuss the location of the most important of the extraterrestrial signs, a great circle thru Giza that once was the Old Equator.

http://blog.world-mysteries.com/scien…/2012-and-old-equator/