கால்ஷியம் கார்பைடு கற்கள் பற்றி கேள்விப்பட்டிருக்கிறீர்களா?,!!!

                                            அருமை நண்பர்களே !!!

கால்ஷியம் கார்பைடு கற்கள் பற்றி கேள்விப்பட்டிருக்கிறீர்களா?,!!!அது ஏற்படுத்தும் சுகாதார சீர்கேட்டை,நோய்களைப் பற்றி அறிவீர்களா?!!! இன்றைய சமூகத்தில் பேராசை பிடித்த வியாபாரிகளின் பணம் சம்பாதிக்கும் வெறிக்கு அப்பாவி பொதுமக்கள் பலியாகி வருவது கண்கூடாயிருக்கிறது, நம் நாட்டில் தான் படிக்காதவர்கள் கூட கேடுவிளைவிக்கும் ரசாயனங்களையும், கனிமங்களையும் கையாள்வது வாடிக்கையாகியுள்ளது. நம் நாட்டில் தான் மனித உயிர்களுக்கு மதிப்பே இல்லாத நிலை நிலவிவருகிறது. இது அவசர யுகம், எல்லாவற்றிற்குமே அவசரம் தான்,விதைப்பதற்கும் அவசரம், விளைச்சலுக்கும் அவசரம், அறுவடைக்கும் அவசரம், அதை பழுக்க வைப்பதற்கும் அவசரம், இதன் பின்னால் இருப்பது அருவருக்கத்தக்க பணம் சம்பாதிக்கும் வெறியன்றி வேறில்லை.இன்றைய ஏனைய பழ வியாபாரிகள் ஈசி மனி செய்ய நாடுவது கால்சியம் கார்பைட் கற்களைத்தான்.

பழவியாபாரிகளது மண்டிகள் அல்லது கிடங்குகளில் வாழை, பலா,பப்பாளி, கொய்யா,சீதாப்பழம்,மாங்காய்களை குவியல் குவியலாக கொட்டி வைத்து , அந்த குவியலுக்குள்ளே சின்னத் துளையிட்ட பாலித்தீன் பைகளில் இந்த கால்சியம் கார்பைடு கற்களைப் போட்டு வைத்து விடுவார்கள் . கால்சியம் கார்பைடில் ஆர்சனிக் , பாஸ்பரஸ் இரண்டும் கலந்திருக்கும் . இது மிகவும் நச்சுத் தன்மை உடையது . இதிலிருந்து வெளிவருகிற அசெட்டிலின் வாயு காய்களின் மீது பரவி , பழுத்தது போன்ற தோற்றத்தை உண்டாக்கும் . ஆனால் , உண்மையில் உள்ளூக்குள் பழுத்திருக்காது . நூறு கிலோ காய்களைப் பழுக்க வைக்க நாற்பது கிராம் கால்சியம் கார்பைடு கல்லே போதுமானது என்றால் எவ்வளவு பெரிய கொடிய நச்சுவை நாம் இது வரை உட்கொண்டிருக்கிறோம் என விளங்கும். . In the ripening of fruit, calcium carbide is used as source of acetylene gas, which is a ripening agent. (similar to ethylene which has the IUPAC name of ethene and the chemical formula of C2H4)[ஆதாரம்-விக்கிபீடியா]

செயற்கையாக பழுக்க வைத்த பழங்களை ஒருவர் பார்த்தவுடன் கண்டறிய முடியாது என்பதால், அதை வாங்கும் பொதுமக்களாகிய நாம் தான் எச்சரிக்கையாக இருக்க வேண்டும். உதாரணத்துக்கு ருசித்து பார்த்து பழுத்ததற்கேற்ற இனிப்பு இருந்தால் மட்டுமே வீட்டு உபயோகத்துக்கு வாங்கலாம், அல்லது வீட்டில் நேரடியாக விளைவதை வாங்கி சாப்பிடலாம். தமிழகம் முழுக்கவே சில வருடங்களாக கால்சியம் கார்பைட் கற்களை பயன்படுத்தி செயற்கையாக பழுக்க வைத்த வாழைப்பழம், மாம்பழங்களையும் கொய்யா,பப்பாளி திராட்சைகளையும் கூட பரவலாக விறபனை செய்து வருவது கண்கூடு, திட்டம் போட்டு திருடுற கூட்டம் திருடிக்கொண்டே இருக்குது!!!,அதை சட்டம் போட்டு தடுக்குற கூட்டம் தடுத்துக்கொண்டே இருக்குது!!!.ஆனால் நடவடிக்கைகள் தான் கடுமையாக இல்லை என்பேன், வாழைப்பழம் ஒரு சாதாரணப் பழவகையைச் சேர்ந்ததாக இருந்தாலும், அதன் மருத்துவ குணங்கள் அதிசயிக்கத்தக்கது,இதில் குளூக்கோஸ், ஃபிரக்டோஸ் மற்றும் சுக்ரோஸ் போன்ற சர்க்கரைகளுடன் நார்ச்சத்தும் அடங்கி உள்ளதால் அற்புதமான உணவாகும்.ஏழைகளின் பழம் என்றும் சொல்லுவர்,ஆனால் இதைக்கூட சதிகாரர்கள் கார்பைட் கற்கள் கொண்டே பழுக்க வைக்கின்றனர்.

இப்பழத்தை உண்போருக்கு வயிற்றுப்போக்கு, பேதி, கேன்சர் போன்ற நோய்கள் ஏற்படுகின்றன. இயற்கையானவற்றை விட "மினுமினுப்பு' கூடி, நன்கு பழுத்த பழம் போல, மக்களை கவரும் இந்த பழங்கள் மிக விஷமானவை. பழங்களின் தோலில் சுருக்கம் இருந்தால் அது இயற்கையான பழம் என வாடிக்கையாளர்கள் நினைக்கின்றனர். அது முழுவதும் சரியானதல்ல. இயற்கையான மாம்பழம் தோல் சுருக்கம் இல்லாமலும் உள்ளன. அதேபோல செயற்கையான மாம்பழங்களின் தோலில் கறுப்பு புள்ளிகள் இருக்கும் என கூறப்படுகிறது. அதுவும் தவறானதே. ஏனெனில் நோய் தாக்குதலாலோ, மாங்காய்களின் பால் படுவதாலோ கூட கறுப்பு புள்ளிகள் தோன்ற வாய்ப்புள்ளன. எனவே செயற்கையாக பழுத்த பழங்களை கண்டு பிடிப்பது கடினமான காரியம்.

கால்சியம் கார்பைடு வெளியிடும் அசெட்டிலின் வாயுவை சுவாசித்தாலே உடல் நலம் பாதிக்கும் . இதனால் முதுமைத் தோற்றம் , இதய நோய் , புற்று நோய் கூட வரலாம் என்று மருத்துவர்கள் கூறுகிறார்கள் . வெல்டிங் செய்ய உபயோகிக்கும் கால்சியம் கார்பைடு , தடை செய்யப்பட்ட ரசாயனம் .ஆனாலும் மனசாட்சியே இல்லாத சில ரசாயன வியாபாரிகள் கள்ளச்சந்தையில் இது போன்ற பழவியாபாரிகளுக்கு கால்சியம் கார்பைடை சப்ளை செய்கின்றனர்.இவர்களை ஜாமீனில் வெளிவரமுடியாத கடுமையான சட்டங்களில் சிறையினால் தள்ளினாலே ஒழிய ,இது தொடந்து கொண்டுதான் இருக்கும்,இது போல சில பணத்தாசை பிடித்த வியாபாரிகளால் சமூகத்தில் இருக்கும் சில நல்ல வியாபாரிகளுக்கும் கெட்ட பெயர்.நீங்கள் எந்த பழ வியாபாரியிடமாவது இதுபோல கார்பைட் கற்களால் பழுக்கச்செய்யப்பட்ட பழங்கள் வாங்கி ஏமாந்திருந்தால் உடனே சுகாதாரத்துறை ஆய்வாளருக்கு புகார் தெரிவிக்கவும்.

Insipiring Beauties Of Sunset Photography

Taking impressive sunset photographs requires an ideal understanding of weather and sunset patterns. These shots can be captured instinctively without any special planning. Sunset photography ideas would quickly come to your mind if you think and visualize a sunset shot. You can take beautiful photographs if you know what you will capture.

It is often suggested to list places that might be excellent for incredible sunsets. Do your homework the day before shooting. You may search internet resources to spot the nearby beaches and suitable places near your area. As these shots are time-dependent, you have to prepare the settings earlier so that you won’t miss the chance.

Sunset Photography Tips

If you are blessed with a DLSR camera, you may easily take quality photographs. You need to know some of the basic tips to polish the photographer in you. Focus on the texture, mood and lighting aspects to upgrade your shot to the next professional level.

• Under-exposure: To get rich and striking colour patterns of the setting sun, you may try with exposure settings. This can be achieved with negative compensation of the exposure and spot meter mode. Depending on the other settings and environmental factors, you may set the compensation to 2 stops rather than keeping at 2/3.
• Be ready to experiment with your shots. Adjust spot meter modes and try from different angles.

• Choosing a lens with extended focal length would help you to portrait sun as a particular subject in the photo.
• Keep special attention to the weather changes. Different colour patterns are produced at different stages of sunset. Some smoky days can result in great shots.

Different shutter speeds give unique results. Keep in mind that there is no specific shutter speed and aperture setting for the sunset photographs. It would be better to avoid keeping the camera in the auto white balance mode so that you will be able to capture warm tones and golden strokes of the sunset. To capture the sky just like a painting, go for a wide lens so that the sun appears relatively tiny in the picture. an

D E W ( Drops Blow Your Mind )

Devastating disease provides insight into development and death of motor neurons

Researchers at UCLA have been searching for the cause of a rare disease that virtually no one has ever heard: PCH1, or pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1, which attacks the brain and the spine.

It's a particularly cruel disorder, occurring mostly in infants, who begin manifesting symptoms at or soon after birth, with poor muscle tone, difficulty feeding, growth retardation and global developmental delay.

Now, thanks to the cooperation of a California family stricken by the disorder and a state-of-the-art genomic sequencing lab at UCLA, Dr. Joanna Jen, a UCLA professor of neurology, and colleagues discovered a specific mutation of a gene that is responsible for PCH1 in this family, then confirmed mutations in the same gene in several other PCH1 families around the world.

The study appears in the April 29 in the online edition of the journal Nature Genetics.

The diagnosis of PCH1 is often delayed or never made because the combination of cerebellar and spinal motor-neuron degeneration is very rare and not commonly recognized. The discovery of the gene, EXOSC3 (exosome component 3), showed that it is critically important in the normal development and survival of neurons, especially in the cerebellum, and for motor neurons in the spine, which innervate or stimulate muscles.

Five years ago, Jen began working with a family living in Southern California with four boys who were neurologically afflicted. They were floppy at birth, suffered from progressive muscle wasting and were never able to stand, walk or speak. Today, they range in age from 9 to the teens, and none weighs more than 50 pounds.

The family was referred to Jen because of her special interest in rare neurological disorders. As Jen reviewed the medical history and examined the children to reach a clinical diagnosis, she began searching for the causative gene in collaboration with Dr. Stanley Nelson, a professor and vice chair of the UCLA Department of Human Genetics.

Nelson, who also directs the UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, and his graduate student Michael Yourshaw, used a new technique called exome sequencing. The exome is the part of the genome that directs those proteins that are actually expressed — that is, it provides the genetic blueprint for functional genes. Exome sequencing searches just the protein-coding regions in the genome to pinpoint disease-causing mutations. In this way, they were able to quickly survey some 22,000 protein-encoding genes to identify a defect in the EXOSC3 gene in this single California family.

To confirm their finding, Jen reached out to other neurologists around the world, eventually verifying the presence of the same defective gene in eight other families stricken with PCH1. And by using a model of the disease in zebrafish, Jijun Wan, a UCLA research scientist in neurology, found that preventing the EXOSC3 gene from expressing in zebrafish caused embryonic maldevelopment and poor movement reminiscent of human clinical features. These symptoms were largely reversed when the researchers injected normal EXOSC3, suggesting that it was indeed the mutations that disrupted normal function.

The EXOSC3 gene encodes a core component of the RNA exosome complex, which is essential for all organisms and which is emerging as the major cellular machinery in the processing of RNA to regulate gene expression, Jen said. There is increasing appreciation for the diversity of RNAs, she noted, as it is becoming clear that the majority of genomic information is transcribed into RNA.

"When we began this study, mutations in the RNA exosome had not been associated with any human disease," Jen said. "Relatively little is known about the human RNA exosome. It is surprising that a gene that is expressed in every cell should have such a selective detrimental impact on the cerebellar and spinal motor neurons.

There is increasing focus on RNA metabolism in motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the leading genetic cause of infant mortality, Jen said. The discovery of defects in the RNA exosome causing combined SMA and PCH further emphasizes the importance of the regulation of RNA metabolism.

"The discovery may lead to potential targets for treatment and in addition enhances our understanding of the biological function of the RNA exosome," said Jen. She is working with other neurologists to better define the clinical spectrum of EXOSC3-associated PCH1.

"It is remarkable that all of the affected children in this family have survived beyond infancy. We are grateful for the generosity of the family in sharing their experience and participating in research to improve the lives of other children who are similarly affected," said Jen.

Provided by University of California, Los Angeles

"Devastating disease provides insight into development and death of motor neurons." April 30th, 2012. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-04-devastating-disease-insight-death-motor.html

Posted by
Robert Karl Stonjek

First Sketches of the Popular Cartoon Characters

The Real Beauty of Kerala Resorts

Technology eases migraine pain in the deep brain

Migraine pain sits at the upper end of the typical pain scale – an angry-red section often labeled "severe." At this intensity, pain is debilitating. Yet many sufferers do not get relief from – or cannot tolerate – over-the-counter and commonly prescribed pain medications.

Recently, a team of researchers that includes Dr. Marom Bikson, associate professor of biomedical engineering in CCNY's Grove School of Engineering, has shown that a brain stimulation technology can prevent migraine attacks from occurring. Their technique, using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), applies a mild electrical current to the brain from electrodes attached to the scalp.

"We developed this technology and methodology in order to get the currents deep into the brain," said Bikson. The researchers aimed to tap into the so-called pain network, among other areas, a collection of interconnected brain regions involved in perceiving and regulating pain.

Professor Bikson and his colleagues, including Dr. Alexandre DaSilva at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry and Dr. Felipe Fregni at Harvard Medical School, found that the technology seems to reverse ingrained changes in the brain caused by chronic migraine, such as greater sensitivity to headache triggers.

Repeated sessions reduced the duration of attacks and decreased the pain intensity of migraines that did occur on average about 37 percent. The improvements accumulated over four weeks of treatment and they persisted.

In pilot studies, the effects lasted for months. The only side effect subjects reported was a mild tingling sensation during treatment. Professor Bikson expects that a patient could use the system every day to ward off attacks, or periodically, like a booster.

The team's computational models show that tDCS delivers therapeutic current along the pain network through both upper (cortical) and deep brain structures. They will publish their results in the journal "Headache." It is currently available online.

Thirty-six million Americans suffer from migraine, according to the Migraine Research Foundation. Of these, 14 million of them experience chronic daily headaches. "The fact that people still suffer from migraines means that the existing treatments using electrical technology or chemistry are not working," said Professor Bikson.

Existing brain stimulation technologies can help relieve a migraine already underway. But those afflicted with chronic migraine pain may suffer 15 or more attacks a month, making treatment a constant battle.

The other techniques also have drawbacks – from heavy, unwieldy equipment to serious side effects, such as seizures. Some only stimulate the upper layers of the brain. Others reach deep brain regions, but require brain surgery to implant the electrodes.

The tDCS technology is safe, easy to use, and portable, Professor Bikson said. "You can walk around with it and keep it in your desk drawer or purse. This is definitely the first technology that operates on just a 9-volt battery and can be applied at home." He envisions future units as small as an iPod.

The next step will be to scale up clinical trials to a larger study population. A market-ready version of the tDCS is still years away.

"There's something about migraine pain that's particularly distressing," noted Professor Bikson. "If it's possible to help some people get just 30 percent better, that's a very meaningful improvement in quality of life."

More information: Headache, 18 April 2012. DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02141.x 

Provided by City College of New York

"Technology eases migraine pain in the deep brain." May 1st, 2012. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-05-technology-eases-migraine-pain-deep.html

Posted by
Robert Karl Stonjek

Key lessons from history on alcohol taxes

Steep rises in taxes on alcohol do not necessarily reduce consumption, according to research funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) into the history of intoxicants in 16^th and 17^th England.

Dr Philip Withington at the University of Cambridge has found that affluence rather than poverty has tended to drive consumption levels, especially among the middle classes and higher,even though legislation and enforcement is often focused on the poorer parts of the population.

"If alcohol consumption is traditionally an index of affluence, then minimum pricing will not do much to the consumption of affluent groups: rather it affects the less affluent." He said the decision in March 2012 by the Coalition Government to set a minimum price of 40p on a unit of alcohol to reduce consumption was a reverse of the principle behind traditional price fixing, which had been to protect consumers from sharp rises and guarantee the availability of necessities like beer.

Dr Withington argues that it was in the 16^th and 17^th centuries that a recognizably modern politics of alcohol and tobacco emerged. He said that there were tensions within society in both eras that made it hard to produce effective regimes for alcohol. These included: growing commercial interests, such as beer brewers and tobacco merchants, at loggerheads with powerful reformatory bodies like the Society for the Reformation of Manners; a state dependent on the revenue from intoxicants but also determined to regulate its consumption; and a vibrant public debate over the issues but an industry resilient to government and public pressure.

"It would be nice if all members in the current debate could recognise that the structure of the politics of intoxication today is very similar to that which had emerged by 1700s'," he said. "There is unlikely, therefore, to be a final solution anytime soon." Dr Withington argues that intoxicants - including traditional alcohols and 'new' commodities such as tobacco and opium helped fuel the transition from medieval to modern society.

However, he also points out some major differences between the current situation and the past. The first is that greater gender equality means that woman drinkers have increased the number of consumers. The second is the role of the medical professions who have replaced moralists as the main drivers of reform.

Dr Withington says that while he has the utmost respect for the statistical analysis upon which the recent policy initiative rests, the Government should also take into account the historical and cultural factors which shape the consumption behaviour of different groups. They should also recognize the complexity of the issue and avoid moral panics.

"Policy makers need to be clear about what they are addressing because intoxicants are embedded in many aspects of modern life, and they can become a scapegoat for real fears about crime and disorder, medical infrastructures and costs, as well as unregulated youths" he says.

Provided by Economic & Social Research Council

"Key lessons from history on alcohol taxes." May 1st, 2012. http://phys.org/news/2012-05-key-lessons-history-alcohol-taxes.html

Posted by
Robert Karl Stonjek