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Wednesday, April 25, 2012
பணம் வந்தால் துன்பமும் சேர்ந்து வருமா?
அனுபவத்திற்கு வயது தேவையில்லை
NINE FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO HAVE WORKED AT MCDONALD’S
Are you in need of work, but think you are overqualified for a position at McDonald’s? Guess what, many famous people have worked at McDonald’s at some point in their life. Find out who has flipped burgers for the fast food joint here!
MSN Money shares…
Internet CEO
Clue: Before moving to Seattle to start his Internet empire, the college grad (what school did he attend?) was working on Wall Street. His résumé includes a stint at McDonald’s for a summer during high school.
Who: Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon.com
Award-winning food author
Clue: He teamed up with his wife to write award-winning cookbooks and has won this prestigious award. But his first stint in the kitchen was at McDonald’s when he was 15.
Who: Andrew Dornenburg, Chef and Author
British actor
Clue: The British actor can be seen in Madonna’s movie about this iconic couple. He worked at McDonald’s after attending drama school (which one?).
Who: James D’Arcy, Actor
Academy Awards host
Clue: This former Oscar host was recently in this ape movie (which one?) and is no stranger to taking on odd jobs. He worked a McDonald’s drive-through window after dropping out of college (which one?) to pursue acting.
Who: James Franco, Actor
Soul singer
Clue: Known for a massive 1990s hit single, she was also a contestant on “Dancing With the Stars,” where she proved a better singer than dancer. Before appearing in a McDonald’s commercial, she worked there in her teens.
Who: Macy Gray, Singer
Actor and stand-up comedian
Clue: A stand-up comedian and an “Original Kings of Comedy,” member, he was a star of a TV sitcom (which one?). His first job, cleaning a McDonald’s lobby, wasn’t so funny.
Who: DL Hughley, Actor and Comedian
Singer-songwriter
Clue: Known for his music and songwriting as well as for his illness (he suffers from this), he promoted himself to customers with tapes of his music while working at a McDonald’s.
Who: Daniel Johnston, Singer and Songwriter
Court TV talk-show host
Clue: This legal mind hit it big as a host on this show and then lost a lot with this procedure. She was promoted from fry cook to cashier while working at a McDonald’s.
Who: Star Jones, Co-Host on The View
An ex-governor
Clue: Before working an initiative with McDonald’s to use his state’s pork supply (read about it), he worked for the fast-food chain before joining the Navy in 1969.
Who: Joe Kernan, Former Governor of Indiana
Get the full article at MSN Money!
Cosmic rays not from gamma bursts
| THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE |
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An international study involving a University of Adelaide researcher has produced surprising results about one of the most enduring mysteries in physics - the origin of cosmic rays.
First discovered 100 years ago, cosmic rays are electrically charged particles, such as protons, that strike Earth from all directions, with energies up to 100 million times higher than those created in man-made accelerators. Physicists have focused their interest on two potential sources: the massive black holes at the centre of active galaxies, and the exploding fireballs observed by astronomers as gamma ray bursts. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a massive detector in Antarctica, is exploring these theories by studying neutrinos, which are believed to accompany cosmic ray production. Dr Gary Hill, ARC Future Fellow with the University of Adelaide's School of Chemistry & Physics, is a member of the IceCube collaboration. He has spent seven Antarctic summers working on the IceCube observatory and has lived and worked in Antarctica 12 times in the past 15 years. In a paper published today in the journal Nature, the IceCube collaboration describes a search for neutrinos emitted from 300 gamma ray bursts (GRBs) observed between May 2008 and April 2010. Surprisingly, they have found no evidence of neutrinos - a result that contradicts 15 years of predictions. "This is the most important result so far from the IceCube observatory," says Dr Hill. "Gamma ray bursts don't seem to make neutrinos as we previously thought, which means they probably aren't making cosmic rays either. "This result has implications for other experiments around the world, including experiments like the Auger cosmic ray observatory that researchers in Adelaide are involved in, and will help to focus the search for the origin of cosmic rays even further." IceCube spokesperson and University of Maryland physics professor Greg Sullivan says the IceCube observatory is the first instrument "with sufficient sensitivity to open a new window on cosmic ray production and the interior processes of GRBs". "The unexpected absence of neutrinos from GRBs has forced a re-evaluation of the theory for production of cosmic rays and neutrinos in a GRB fireball and possibly the theory that high-energy cosmic rays are generated in fireballs," Professor Sullivan says. Principal investigator and University of Wisconsin-Madison physics professor Francis Halzen says: "Although we have not discovered where cosmic rays come from, we have taken a major step towards ruling out one of the leading predictions." Background - about IceCube and gamma ray bursts Completed in December 2010, IceCube is a high-energy neutrino telescope at the geographical South Pole in Antarctica, operated by a collaboration of 250 physicists and engineers from the USA, Germany, Sweden, Belgium, Switzerland, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Barbados. IceCube observes neutrinos by detecting the faint blue light produced in neutrino interactions in ice. Neutrinos are of a ghostly nature; they can easily travel through people, walls, or the planet Earth. To detect their interactions, IceCube is built on an enormous scale: 5160 optical sensors embedded up to 2.5 kilometres deep in the ice, spanning one cubic kilometre of glacial ice. GRBs, the universe's most powerful explosions, are usually first observed by satellites using X-rays and/or gamma rays. GRBs are seen about once per day, and are so bright that they can be seen from half way across the visible Universe. The explosions usually last only a few seconds, and during this brief time they can outshine everything else in the universe. Improved understanding and more data from the complete IceCube detector will help scientists better understand the mystery of cosmic ray production.
Editor's Note: Original news release can be found here.
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Turbo boost for solar cells
| THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY |
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Low cost solar cells suitable for rooftop panels could reach a record-breaking 40% efficiency following an early stage breakthrough by a University of Sydney researcher and his German partners.
With Australian Solar Institute support, Professor Tim Schmidt from the University's School of Chemistry, together with the Helmholtz Centre for Materials and Energy, has developed a "turbo for solar cells", called photochemical upconversion that allows energy, normally lost in solar cells, to be turned into electricity. The finding has been published in the Energy & Environmental Science journal. Professor Tim Schmidt said using the upconversion technique, a process which harvests the part of the solar spectrum currently unused by solar cells, eliminates the need for costly redevelopment of solar cells. "We are able to boost efficiency by forcing two energy-poor red photons in the cell to join and make one energy-rich yellow photon that can capture light, which is then turned into electricity," Professor Schmidt said. "We now have a benchmark for the performance of an upconverting solar cell. We need to improve this several times, but the pathway is now clear." Australian Solar Institute Executive Director Mark Twidell said this is a great example of successful collaboration between leading Australian and German solar researchers. "Together, Australia and Germany can accelerate the pace of commercialisation of solar technologies and drive down the cost of solar electricity," Mr Twidell said. "That's why the Australian Solar Institute is supporting collaboration between the two countries through the Australia-Germany Collaborative Solar Research and Development Program." The Australian Solar Institute is a $150 million commitment by the Australian government to support the development of photovoltaic and concentrating solar power technologies in Australia.
Editor's Note: Original news release can be found here.
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Family history of liver cancer increases risk of developing the disease
Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, is a cancer which starts in the liver, rather than migrating to the liver from another organ or section of the body. In other words, it is a primary liver cancer.
70-fold elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in those with family history and hepatitis B or C markers
A family history of liver cancer is reported to increase risk of developing hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), independent of hepatitis according to findings published in the May issue of Hepatology, a journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. The study also shows 70-fold elevated risk of HCC in those with liver cancer in the family and markers for hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV).
Liver cancer ranks sixth in incidence and the third cause of mortality worldwide.
Liver cancer ranks sixth in incidence and the third cause of mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) liver cancer was responsible for 700,000 deaths in 2008, with HBV and HCV accounting for 78% of all cases of HCC. A vaccine for HBV has been available since 1982; however prior studies have shown familial clustering of HCC in East Asia where HBV is common. While medical evidence reports family history to be related to HCC risk, little is known of this relationship in non-Asian populations.
“There is a high incidence of liver cancer in southern Italy which is likely a result of a higher frequency of HCV in this area,” explains Professor Carlo La Vecchia from the Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ”Mario Negri” and the University of Milan in Italy. “Our study investigated the relationship between family history and liver cancer in a Western population.”
The case-control study was carried out between January 1999 and July 2002, and included 229 cases of HCC and 431 hospital controls. HCC patients ranged in age from 43 to 84 years, providing survey information and blood samples. The control group included patients admitted to hospital for conditions not related to tumors. Analysis of data on family history and liver cancer updated to April 2011 was also performed.
Results show that 75% of the cases and 11% of controls showed evidence of HBV and HCV infection. Family history of liver cancer was associated to HCC risk after adjusting for chronic HBV and HCV. Compared to subjects without family history of liver cancer and no chronic HBV and HCV, researchers reported an odds ratio of 73 for those with both risk factors, indicating a 70-fold increased risk of developing HCC.
“Our findings confirm that individuals with a positive family history of liver cancer have three times higher risk of developing HCC,” notes Professor La Vecchia. “Monitoring individuals with family history, particularly those with hepatitis markers, could help to identify HCC at an earlier stage, and hence potentially reduce mortality from HCC.”
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Full Citation: Family History of Liver Cancer and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.” Federica Turati, Valeria Edefonti, Renato Talamini, Monica Ferraroni, Matteo Malvezzi, Francesca Bravi, Silvia Franceschi, Maurizio Montella, Jerry Polesel, Antonella Zucchetto, Carlo La Vecchia, Eva Negri and Adriano Decarli. Hepatology; Published Online: March 21, 2012 (DOI: 10.1002/hep.24794); Print Issue Date: May 2012. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.24794/abstract.
Author Contact: To arrange an interview with Professor La Vecchia, please contact Sergio Vicario with the University of Milan at svicario@metafora-mi.it or at +39 02 45485059.
This study is published in Hepatology. Media wishing to receive a PDF of the article may contact healthnews@wiley.com.
Avocado oil may protect against harmful free radicals
Mexican researchers find the fruit bolsters cells’ power centers against harmful free radicals
Atmospheric oxygen facilitated the evolution and complexity of terrestrial organisms, including human beings, because it allowed nutrients to be used more efficiently by those organisms, which in turn were able to generate more energy. However, as we find out more about how oxygen molecules work inside the body, more attention is being paid to their not-so-good effects, and researchers are seeking ways to thwart them.
A number of environmental factors — such as pollution, cigarette smoke and radiation — can turn the oxygen molecules found in mitochondria, the power plants of cells, into free radicals. These unstable molecules destroy virtually all the normal molecules forming cells, such as lipids, proteins and even DNA, by turning them into free radicals, too. This destructive phenomenon is associated with aging and occurs in a variety of diseases, including hypertension and diabetes, which represent major challenges for health systems due to their great social and economic costs. Those costs have motivated scientists worldwide to undertake intensive searches for substances that bolster cell resistance to the harmful effects of free radicals.
Many studies of antioxidants in vegetables and fruits, such as carrots and tomatoes, have been completed with few encouraging results, says Christian Cortés-Rojo, a researcher at Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo in Morelia, Michoacán, México. “The problem is that the antioxidants in those substances are unable to enter mitochondria. So free radicals go on damaging mitochondria, causing energy production to stop and the cell to collapse and die. An analogy would be that, during an oil spill, if we cleaned only the spilled oil instead of fixing the perforation where oil is escaping, then the oil would go on spilling, and fish would die anyway.”
But Cortés-Rojo is prepared to reveal next week the first research results showing the protective effects of avocado oil against free radicals in mitochondria. At 12:25 p.m. Sunday, April 22, Cortés-Rojo will present his group’s work at the annual meeting of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, held in conjunction with the Experimental Biology 2012 conference in San Diego.
The research team used yeast cells – those used in wine and beer production – to examine avocado oil’s properties.
“The reason why we have chosen yeast,” explains Cortés-Rojo, “is that (a) this microorganism is easier to study than other biological models due to its relative simplicity and (b) because studies our group published in 2009 and 2011 found that yeast mitochondria are very resistant to free radicals due to the sort of fat that forms its envelope, which is highly resistant to oxidation. The same kind of fat can be found in avocado oil; but, in addition, avocados also contain some plant pigments that inhibit oxidation. That is why we decided to test whether these avocado properties could increase even more the yeast’s resistance to mitochondrial oxidation.”
The results of this research, he says, show that avocado oil allowed the yeast cells to survive exposure to high concentrations of iron, which produces a huge amount of free radicals, “even to higher levels to those found in some human diseases.”
He continues: “These results could be attributed to the fact that avocado oil caused accelerated respiration in mitochondria, which indicate that the use of nutrients for producing energy for cell functions remains effective even in cells attacked by free radicals and that mitochondria itself could produce little amounts of damaging free radicals.”
Cortés-Rojo emphasized that these findings reinforce the good reputation the avocado has when it comes to health maintenance. He points to pioneering research by Mario Alvizouri-Muñoz, a doctor at the Morelia General Hospital, who demonstrated that avocado lowers the blood concentration of cholesterol and certain fats that are increased in diabetic patients and that may lead to stroke or heart attack.
“Our results are promising because they indicate that avocado consumption could improve the health status of diabetic and other patients through an additional mechanism to the improvement of blood lipids,” he says. “We’ll need to confirm that what has been observed in yeasts could occur in higher organisms, such as humans. We hope this will be the case, because there are many vital processes conserved in organisms that seem very dissimilar to humans.”
Moreover, Cortés-Rojo says, the findings, and the fact that México is the largest producer of avocados in the world, could promote the use of avocado oil or some of its components to reduce the socioeconomic impact of chronic degenerative diseases. “In some Mediterranean countries, low or almost no appearance of these kinds of diseases has been associated with the high olive oil consumption,” he explains. “Olive oil has a fat composition similar to that found in avocado oil. Therefore, avocado oil could eventually be referred to as the olive oil of the Americas.”
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The team’s work was supported by the Mexico’s National Council on Science and Technology and the Program for Improvement of Professorate of the Mexican Ministry of Public Education.
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About Experimental Biology 2012
Experimental Biology is an annual gathering of six scientific societies that this year is expected to draw 14,000-plus independent scientists and exhibitors. The American Association of Anatomists (AAA) is a co-sponsor of the meeting, along with the American Physiological Society (APS), American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB), American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP), American Society for Nutrition (ASN) and the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET).
More information about EB2012 for the media can be found on the press page: http://experimentalbiology.org/EB/pages/Press-Registration.aspx.
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