| DUKE-NUS |
Bile duct cancer is a deadly type of liver cancer with a poor prognosis. The latest breakthrough could help scientists learn more about the disease, and potentially pave the way for improved treatments.
Image: Raycat/iStockphoto
A combined team of scientists from Singapore and Thailand has made a significant breakthrough in understanding the cause of bile duct cancer, a deadly type of liver cancer. Using the latest genomic technologies, the researchers identified several new genes frequently mutated in bile duct cancers, paving the way for better understanding on how bile duct cancers develop.
The Singapore-Thailand team was led by Professor Teh Bin Tean, Associate Professor Patrick Tan, Associate Professor Steve Rozen (Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School of Singapore) and Professor Vajarabhongsa Bhudhisawasdi from Thailand’s Khon Kaen University. The breakthrough came after two years of intensive research, which saw scientists from Singapore visiting the villagers in northern Thailand, and Thai researchers coming to Singapore to work in NCCS laboratories. The discovery was published online on 6 May 2012 in Nature Genetics. Bile Duct Cancer, or Cholangiocarcinoma, is a fatal cancer with poor prognosis. Accounting for 10 to 25 per cent of all primary liver cancers worldwide, bile duct cancer is a prevalent disease in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Northeast of Thailand which sees about 20,000 new cases each year. The high incidence in Thailand is attributed to long-term consumption of raw fish that is infected with liver flukes, which are food-borne parasites found in fish. Liver fluke infections are widespread in Northeast Thailand, where they are thought to occur in over 6 million people. Once eaten, the flukes accumulate in the bile ducts of the human host, causing constant infection and the onset of cancer. Professor Teh, who was a recipient of the Singapore Translational Research (STaR) Investigator Award in 2009 and the Director and Principal Investigator of the NCCS-VARI Translational Cancer Research Laboratory at the National Cancer Centre Singapore, said the study will pave the way for a better understanding of the roles that newly identified genes play in the development of bile duct cancer. "This discovery adds depth to what we currently know about bile duct cancer. More important is that we are now aware of new genes and their effects on bile duct cancer and we now need to further examine their biological aspects to determine how they bring about the onset of Cholangiocarcinoma." Using state of the art DNA sequencing platforms, the researchers analysed eight bile duct cancers and normal tissues from Thai patients, and discovered mutations in 187 genes. The team then selected 15 genes that were frequently mutated for further analysis in an additional 46 cases. Many of these genes, such as MLL3, ROBO2 and GNAS, have not been previously implicated in bile duct cancers. "With this finding we now know much more about the molecular mechanisms of the disease and we can draw up additional measures that can be taken while we identify the most appropriate treatment protocols. We are talking about the potential to save many lives in Thailand," said Professor Vajarabhongsa Bhudhisawasdi, Director of the Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University of Thailand. "Also, this study shows that we can work closely with our counterparts in other countries and share our expertise and experience to improve the lot for the people." The researchers also compared the bile duct cancers to other related cancers of the liver and pancreas. Surprisingly, they found that the bile ducts cancers shared certain similarities with pancreatic cancer. "This research provides a strong direction for future studies," said Associate Professor Patrick Tan, faculty member of the Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme at Duke-NUS. "Cholangiocarcinoma and Pancreatic Duct Adenocarcinoma appear to share more molecular similarities than earlier studies had indicated, and suggest that there are common biological pathways between the two cancers. By studying these pathways, we can then shed more light on how these tumours develop." Dr Chutima Subimerb, a Thai scientist involved in the project, said she was pleased with the collaboration and to be able to participate in this health diplomacy project. "We are very privileged to be able to work alongside Prof Teh and the other scientists from Singapore. By pooling our resources we were able to make this discovery which will have very wide impact on the people, especially the poor people who have been eating the fish that they catch from the ponds and rivers in the region. I believe this is only a first step and we will see even more collaborations in time to come between our two countries in the field of scientific research." The research was funded by the Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council, Millennium Foundation, Lee Foundation, National Cancer Centre Research Fund, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Cancer Science Institute Singapore, Research Team Strengthening Grant, National Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Center and the National Science and Technology Development Agency (Thailand).
Editor's Note: Original news release can be found here.
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Wednesday, May 9, 2012
New liver cancer genes found
Computers help unravel cancers
| THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND |
Computers can be used to untangle the intricacies of cancer biology, according to the researchers.
Image: AlexRaths/iStockphoto
Computers can be used to identify cancer treatment targets that wouldn't otherwise have been considered, according to research by an Australian team.
Professor Mark Ragan from The University of Queensland's Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), who led the research team, says they found that computational methods could be used to untangle the intricacies of cancer biology. “Cancer is not a disease caused by single genes. Rather, it is changes to the underlying gene regulatory networks that prompt tumours to grow and spread,” he said. “Understanding gene regulatory networks in healthy and diseased tissues is therefore critical to devising effective cancer treatments. “These networks involve vast numbers of interactions between different molecules, making conventional experimental approaches, which are focused on individual genes, too time-consuming,” he said. The findings came from the team's analysis of different computational methods of studying gene regulatory networks. By contrast, computational methods can examine complex networks of interacting molecules across entire systems. The challenge for researchers is determining the accuracy of such methods. The IMB team undertook a thorough analysis of nine different computational methods that represented a variety of approaches. They then took the method judged most effective and applied it to real ovarian cancer data. “Our evaluation demonstrated that it's possible in some cases to use computational methods to gain insights into cancer biology. “These methods can pinpoint targets that wouldn't otherwise have been considered, which can then be validated with laboratory experiments.” The findings are published in the current edition of the scientific journal Genome Medicine, where it has been nominated as part of the thematic series Cancer bioinformatics: bioinformatic methods, network biomarkers and precision medicine.
Editor's Note: Original news release can be found here.
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சளியை விரட்டும் கொய்யாப்பழம்
குளிர்காலத்தில், கொய்யாப்பழம் சாப்பிட்டால் சளி பிடிக்கும் என்ற கருத்தினை இயற்கை மருத்துவம் மறுக்கிறது. உண்மையில் கொய்யாப் பழம் சளியை விரட்டி, சளி ஏற்படும் பிரச்னைகளுக்கு நிவாரணம் தரும் என்பதே அறிவியல் பூர்வ உண்மையாகும்.
கொய்யாப்பழத்தில் நெல்லிக் காயை போல "வைட்டமின் சி' சத்து நிறைந்துள்ளது. வளரும் குழந்தைகள், தினமும் ஒன்று அல்லது இரண்டு கொய்யாப்பழங்களை சாப்பிடுவது நல்லது. ரத்த சோகை இருப்பவர் களுக்கும், நோய் எதிர்ப்பு சக்தி குறைவாக இருப்பவர்களுக்கும் கொய் யாப்பழம் நல்ல அருமருந்தாகும்.
இயற்கை மருத்துவத்தில் மா இலையுடன், கொய்யா இலையைக் காய வைத்து அரைத்து, பல்பொடியாகப் பயன்படுத்தினால் பல்லில், ஈறுகளில் ரத்தம் வடிதல், ஈறுவீக்கம் போன்றவை குணமாகும் என கூறப்படுகிறது. உடலின் சூட்டினைத் தணிக்கும் இயல்பும் கொய்யாப் பழத்திற்கு உள்ளது.
Rabindranath Tagore A poet Novelist Musician and Playwright.
Rabindranath Tagore Bengali Poems, Songs Lyrics
Rabindranath Tagore Songs Lyrics, Bengali Poems / kobita. Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, musician, novelist, playwright par excellence.
He was the first non-European to win a Nobel Prize in literature in 1913 for Gitanjali.
Rabindranath Tagore Songs Lyrics, Bengali Poems / kobita. Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, musician, novelist, playwright par excellence.
He was the first non-European to win a Nobel Prize in literature in 1913 for Gitanjali.
Endless Time – a poem by Rabindranath Tagore
Time is endless in thy hands, my lord.
There is none to count thy minutes.
There is none to count thy minutes.
Days and nights pass and ages bloom and fade like flowers.
Thou knowest how to wait.
Thou knowest how to wait.
Thy centuries follow each other perfecting a small wild flower.
We have no time to lose,
and having no time we must scramble for a chance.
We are too poor to be late.
and having no time we must scramble for a chance.
We are too poor to be late.
And thus it is that time goes by
while I give it to every querulous man who claims it,
and thine altar is empty of all offerings to the last.
while I give it to every querulous man who claims it,
and thine altar is empty of all offerings to the last.
At the end of the day I hasten in fear lest thy gate be shut;
but I find that yet there is time.
but I find that yet there is time.
- Rabindranath Tagore
Have anyone ever visualised a classroom to be a matchbox? The students as the matchsticks? Matchsticks tightly locked in a precise space of a box.
A great Indian did. He never went to a school because of this type of visualization. But proved to the world that education does not merely mean book knowledge but the power within. This great Indian was none other but the great nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
A great Indian did. He never went to a school because of this type of visualization. But proved to the world that education does not merely mean book knowledge but the power within. This great Indian was none other but the great nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
Rabindranath Tagore, was born in 1861, as the 13 child and the youngest son of Debendranath Tagore, who was the leader of the Brahmo samaj. Samaj means a sect or a cult. This Brahmo samaj was a new religious sect in nineteenth-century Bengal and which attempted a revival of the ultimate monistic basis of Hinduism as laid down in the Upanishads.
Rabindranath Tagore was given education by private teachers at home.All that he was interested in, was literature. At the age of seventeen he was sent to England for formal schooling. But still then he left his studies and returned back to Bengal.
From time to time he participated in the Indian nationalist movement, though in his own non-sentimental and visionary way; and Gandhi, the political father of modern India, was his devoted friend.
Rabindranath Tagore was given education by private teachers at home.All that he was interested in, was literature. At the age of seventeen he was sent to England for formal schooling. But still then he left his studies and returned back to Bengal.
From time to time he participated in the Indian nationalist movement, though in his own non-sentimental and visionary way; and Gandhi, the political father of modern India, was his devoted friend.
Tagore was knighted by the ruling British Government in 1915, but within a few years he resigned the honour as a protest against British policies in India. In protest of the Jalianwala Bagh massacare, Tagore returned his honour of knighthood.
He was freedom fighter too. but his weapon was his pen. His writing was aginst the british, about the condition of India. For the world he became the voice of India’s spiritual heritage; and for India, especially for Bengal, he became a great living institution.
Although Tagore wrote successfully in all literary genres, he was first of all a poet.He also started an experimental school at Shantiniketan where he tried his Upanishadic ideals of education.
He was freedom fighter too. but his weapon was his pen. His writing was aginst the british, about the condition of India. For the world he became the voice of India’s spiritual heritage; and for India, especially for Bengal, he became a great living institution.
Although Tagore wrote successfully in all literary genres, he was first of all a poet.He also started an experimental school at Shantiniketan where he tried his Upanishadic ideals of education.
Rabindranath Tagore died on August 7, 1941.
Dug up from the files, half torn or lost and half almost unreadable, here is a very very rare pic of the two great masters of the human history, Albert Einstein and Rabindranath Tagore, Taken back in the year 1930 at Dhaka, where Einstein came to see Mr. Tagore. Nothing more to say, than just having a look at the pic might make your day.
Rabindranath Tagore (Bengali: রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর)α[›]β[›](7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941), sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali polymath. As a poet, novelist, musician, and playwright, he reshaped Bengali literature and music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As author of Gitanjali and its "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse", he became Asia's first Nobel laureate by winning the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature.
A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta, Tagore wrote poems at age eight. At age sixteen, he published his first substantial poetry under the pseudonym Bhanushingho ("Sun Lion") and wrote his first short stories and dramas in 1877. Tagore denounced the British Raj and supported the Indian Independence Movement. His efforts endure in his vast canon and in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University.
Tagore modernised Bengali art by rejecting the strictures of rigid classical Indian forms. His novels, short stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays ranged over political and personal topics alike. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced), and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are among his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed for their lyricism, colloquialism, meditative naturalism, and philosophical contemplation. Two Tagore songs are the national anthems of Bangladesh and India: Amar Shonar Bangla and Jana Gana Mana.
Albert Einstein (pronounced /ˈælbərt ˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n] 14 March 1879–18 April 1955) was a theoretical physicist. His many contributions to physics include the special and general theories of relativity, the founding of relativistic cosmology, the first post-Newtonian expansion, explaining the perihelion advance of Mercury, prediction of the deflection of light by gravity and gravitational lensing, the first fluctuation dissipation theorem which explained the Brownian movement of molecules, the photon theory and wave-particle duality, the quantum theory of atomic motion in solids, the zero-point energy concept, the semiclassical version of the Schrödinger equation, and the quantum theory of a monatomic gas which predicted Bose-Einstein condensation.
Einstein is best known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics “for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect”.
Einstein published more than 300 scientific and over 150 non-scientific works.[3] He is often regarded as the father of modern physics.
Read more: http://www.unp.me/f44/albert-einstein-met-rabindranath-tagore-62890/#ixzz1uMbnYrhi
Novels and Novellas written by Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore (Bengali: রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর)α[›]β[›](7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941), sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali polymath. As a poet, novelist, musician, and playwright, he reshaped Bengali literature and music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As author of Gitanjali and its "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse", he became Asia's first Nobel laureate by winning the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature.
A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta, Tagore wrote poems at age eight. At age sixteen, he published his first substantial poetry under the pseudonym Bhanushingho ("Sun Lion") and wrote his first short stories and dramas in 1877. Tagore denounced the British Raj and supported the Indian Independence Movement. His efforts endure in his vast canon and in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University.
Tagore modernised Bengali art by rejecting the strictures of rigid classical Indian forms. His novels, short stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays ranged over political and personal topics alike. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced), and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are among his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed for their lyricism, colloquialism, meditative naturalism, and philosophical contemplation. Two Tagore songs are the national anthems of Bangladesh and India: Amar Shonar Bangla and Jana Gana Mana.
Albert Einstein (pronounced /ˈælbərt ˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n] 14 March 1879–18 April 1955) was a theoretical physicist. His many contributions to physics include the special and general theories of relativity, the founding of relativistic cosmology, the first post-Newtonian expansion, explaining the perihelion advance of Mercury, prediction of the deflection of light by gravity and gravitational lensing, the first fluctuation dissipation theorem which explained the Brownian movement of molecules, the photon theory and wave-particle duality, the quantum theory of atomic motion in solids, the zero-point energy concept, the semiclassical version of the Schrödinger equation, and the quantum theory of a monatomic gas which predicted Bose-Einstein condensation.
Einstein is best known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics “for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect”.
Einstein published more than 300 scientific and over 150 non-scientific works.[3] He is often regarded as the father of modern physics.
Read more: http://www.unp.me/f44/albert-einstein-met-rabindranath-tagore-62890/#ixzz1uMbnYrhi
Novels and Novellas written by Rabindranath Tagore
- Chaturanga
- Shesher Kobita
- Char Odhay
- Noukadubi
- Ghare Baire
- Nastanirh -The Broken NestGora – Fair-FacedYogayog – CrosscurrentsMemoirs by TagoreJivansmriti – My ReminiscencesChhelebela – My Boyhood DaysWork of Rabindranath Tagore got translated in english and other languages here are few of the famous titles of translated work.
- Chitra
- Creative Unity
- The Crescent Moon
- Fireflies
- Fruit-Gathering
- The Fugitive
- The Gardener
- Gitanjali: Song Offerings
- Glimpses of Bengal
- The Home and the World
- The Hungry Stones and other stories
- I Won’t Let you Go: Selected Poems
- The Lover of God
- My Boyhood Days
- My Reminiscences
- Nationalism
- The Post Office
- Sadhana: The Realisation of Life
- Selected Letters
- Selected Poems
- Selected Short Stories
- Songs of Kabir
- Stray Birds
Dramas and Plays written by Rabindranath Tagore
Valmiki Pratibha – The Genius of Valmiki
Dak Ghar – The Post Office
Chandalika – Untouchable Girl
- Shyama
- Visarjan – The Sacrifice
- Raja – The King of the Dark Chamber
- Achalayatan – The Immovable
- Muktadhara – The Waterfall
- These dramas and plays were termed as “Rabindra nritya natya”.
- Fictions written by Tagore
வாகனங்களை ஓட்ட...
வாகனங்களை ஓட்டத் தெரிந்த பலர், சாலைகளில் இடம் பெற்றவை குறித்து அறிந்திருப்பதில்லை. இது குறித்து மதுரை டிரைவிங் நீட்ஸ் அகாடமியின் பயிற்சியாளர் ஏ.நரசிம்மமணி கூறியதாவது:
* பகலில் முகப்பு விளக்குகளை எரியவிட்டு எதிரே வரும் வாகனத்தை எச்சரித்தபடி முன்னேறுவது குற்றம்.
* சாதாரண நேரங்களில் நான்கு புறங்களிலும் உள்ள எச்சரிக்கை விளக்கை எரிய விடுவது தவறு. அபாயகரமான அல்லது
வாகனம் பழுதாகி நிற்கும்போதோ, பழுதான வாகனத்தை பிற வாகனங்கள் இழுத்துச் செல்லும்போதோ எரியவிட வேண்டும்.
* சிக்னல்கள் அல்லது ரோட்டில் வாகனங்களை நிறுத்தி இருக்கும்போது, அனைத்து விளக்குகளையும் எரியவிடக் கூடாது.
* ரோட்டின் நடுவில் கோடுகளை குறிப்பிட்ட இடைவெளியில் விட்டுவிட்டு போட்டிருந்தால், ஒரு வாகனத்தை நாம் இந்த இடத்தில் முந்திச் செல்லலாம் என்று பொருள். அதேசமயம் தொடர்ச்சியான நீண்ட கோடுகளாக போட்டிருந்தால் முந்தக் கூடாது என்று பொருள்.
* ரோட்டின் நடுவில் தொடர்ச்சியாக இரட்டைக் கோடுகள் போட்டிருந்தால், அதை ஒரு தடுப்புச் சுவராக கருத
வேண்டும்.
* ஓட்டுனருக்கு 20.5 மீ (67 அடி) தொலைவில் இருந்து வரும் வாகனத்தின் பதிவு எண்ணை படிக்க முடிந்தால், கண்கள் நல்ல பார்வையுடன் உள்ளது என பொருள். எனவே, ஆண்டுக்கு ஒருமுறை ரத்த அழுத்தம், சர்க்கரை, கண் பரிசோதனை செய்வது நல்லது.
* கனகர வாகனங்களின் பின்புறம் சிவப்பு நிற முக்கோண வடிவச் சின்னம் உள்ளது. இது முற்றிலும் தவறு. மோட்டார் வாகன சட்டப்படி, அது ஒரு எச்சரிக்கை சின்னம். ரோட்டில் ஒரு வாகனம் பழுதாகி நின்றாலோ, அவசர நிலையிலோ அதை வாகனத்தின் பின்புறம் 15 அடி தள்ளிதான் வைக்க வேண்டும்.
* நெடுஞ்சாலையில் எதிரே வரும் வாகனத்திற்கு வசதியாக முகப்பு விளக்குகளை 250 மீ.,க்கு முன்பே "டிம்' செய்ய வேண்டும்.
* வளைவுகளில் அதிவேகமாக ஓட்டிச் சென்றால் விபத்து நடக்கும். அதற்கு "இன் ஸ்லோ-அவுட் பாஸ்ட்' என்ற முறையில் செல்ல வேண்டும். அதாவது, மைய ஈர்ப்பு விசை, விலக்கு விசைகளின் அடிப்படையில், வளைவுகளில் நுழையும்போது மெதுவாகவும், பின் ஆக்ஸிலேட்டரை லேசாக அழுத்தியும் செல்ல வேண்டும். ஆனால் பலர் வேகமாகவே நுழைந்து பிரேக் அடித்து திரும்புகின்றனர். இதனால் வாகனம் கவிழ்ந்துவிடும்.
* கார்களில் செல்வோர் "சீட் பெல்ட்' அணியும்போது சட்டைப் பையில் போன், பேனா, சில்லரை காசுகள் வைத்திருப்பதை தவிர்க்க வேண்டும். பெண்கள் அதிக நகை அணிந்திருக்கக் கூடாது. அசம்பாவிதம் நேரிட்டால் அந்த பொருட்களே பயணிக்கு எமனாக மாறிவிடும்.
* நான்கு வழிச் சாலையின் நடுவே மீடியனில் அரளி செடிகளையே வைத்துள்ளனர். காரணம் எதிரே வரும் வாகனத்தின் முகப்பு விளக்கு ஒளியில் இருந்து கண்களை பாதுகாக்கும். வறட்சியையும் தாங்கும் இச்செடிகளின் வேர்கள் அதிகம் வெளி வராது. இது வாகனங்களின் கார்பன் டை ஆக்சைடை அதிகம் "அப்சர்வ்'
செய்கிறது. விலங்குகளும் இவற்றை உண்பதில்லை.
* நமக்கு அவசர அழைப்பு எண் 108 என்பது தெரியும். மற்றுமொரு எண் 112 என்பது பலருக்கு தெரியாது. மொபைல் போன் "சிக்னல்' இல்லாத இடங்களிலும், மொபைலின் "கீ லாக்' செய்யப்பட்ட நிலையிலும், ஏன் "சிம்கார்டு' இல்லாத நிலையிலும்கூட இந்த எண்ணை அவசர உதவிக்கு பயன்படுத்தலாம்.
மொத்தத்தில் விவேகமான வேகமே விபத்துக்களில் இருந்து நம்மை பாதுகாக்கும்.
அன்புடன்
பாலதண்டபானி
Bamboo Forest at Arashiyama, Kyoto
The Sagano Bamboo Forest is located to the northwest in Kyoto Basin, Japan, covering an area of 16 square kilometers. It is one of the most beautiful natural environment in entire Japan, not only because of its natural beauty but also because of the sound the wind makes as it blows through the thick bamboo grove.
"The sound of the wind in this bamboo forest has been voted as one of "one hundred must-be-preserved sounds of Japan" by the Japanese government. Back in the 1870s when Edison was looking for a good bamboo as a material of a filament for his early light bulb, the governor of Kyoto recommended two sources for bamboo, this being one of them. Edison used the other one."
The Sagano Bamboo Forest is about 30 minutes from Kyoto by train.
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