 “Hearing the words of the king, Vishvamitra complimented him in return. The sage then discussed dharma and his reason for coming there.” (Janaki Mangala, 23)
kausika suni nṛpa bacana sarāheu rājahiṃ |
dharmakathā kahi kaheu gayau jehi kājahiṃ ||
While it’s nice to have peers to share your experiences with, it is more beneficial to be in the company of authority figures who are capable of assertively identifying and revealing the real religious principles, remaining unafraid to discuss them with whoever is worthy. Our friendships are formed for our own immediate satisfaction, as it is beneficial to have people around whom we consider to be equals. Just being able to share experiences with others, to let them know what you are feeling and not have them judge you in return, is such a contributing factor towards mental health that people who lack this association often have to resort to approaching trained professionals to hear their problems.Dharma-katha, or discussion on religious topics, is a primary benefit coming from the brahmana community, and in this interaction the relationship is one between teacher and student. Hearing about dharma is so powerful that even a famous king like Dasharatha stood by quietly and listened attentively while such words came from Vishvamitra, an exalted sage who visited his community.
 What would a king have to gain from listening to a person with a long beard who lived in the woods? Can a homeless person give us advice on how to live our lives, which are dependent on technological advancements and involve the constant pressure of having to meet the monthly bills? What would they know about raising a family, tending to matters at work, or maintaining a sound financial footing? The brahmanas of ancient times weren’t poor without cause. They voluntarily accepted a meager lifestyle so that they would have a wealth of knowledge. From distractions in activity, through the feverish pursuit to best our fellow man in competition, a loss of rational thought results.
The first thing to go is proper identification. The country of origin, religious tradition, bank balance, skin color, gender, and so many other factors get used for identification, when in reality such attributes are transient. The bank balance can change quickly, as can the country of residence. Our physical abilities gradually diminish over time, yet we still remain vibrant living beings. Therefore identification must come from something besides the body or external attributes.
A brahmana earns their distinction by knowing Brahman, which is pure spirit. Strip away external appearances and conditions and you’re left with a vibrant energy, a spark of life if you will. Since that spark pervades nature, it can be thought of as a singular collective energy. The Vedas give a name to that force: Brahman. The living beings are all part of Brahman, which means that their identity comes from pure spirit and not external conditions.
Hearing about Brahman is easy, but actually realizing it is a totally different matter. To maintain the proper identification, to not get sidetracked by illusion, the Vedic literature institutes dharma, which can be thought of as religiosity or religious law codes. Dharma actually means an essential characteristic, so when it is used in place of religiosity, the guiding principles are meant to maintain the essential characteristic of Brahman within the living being.
Dharma is flawless, so even the person not willing to accept any philosophy at all can progress in knowledge through following the guiding principles. Not everyone you meet will be up for philosophical discussion. They will sometimes be guided by emotion, the problem of the day. The worldwide news media exploits this tendency. Television news especially caters to emotion rather than intellect. The latest murders, shootings, rapes and statements from politicians are presented as important events, but if you looked at the entire picture from a mathematical point of view, these incidents are trivial. For instance, yesterday the majority of the world lived peacefully, didn’t die, and didn’t have anything horrible happen to them. Yet if only one tragedy occurred, it becomes the most talked about event due to the influence of news providers and their consumers.
 Following dharma maintains sobriety of thought within the living being. Each personality type is provided their own religious principles to follow, with the idea being that eventually, maybe even in a future life, full enlightenment will be reached. The brahmanas are already at this stage, and their occupational duties call for teaching others about virtue and how to follow the proper principles. A wise king like Dasharatha was already a devoted soul, so he didn’t need a lecture on dharma. He was a wealthy king, but this didn’t mean that he somehow took his identity from his wealth or his standing in society. Rather, he viewed everything within the framework of his purpose, what role he had to play in upholding dharma for the good of everyone else.
Vishvamitra, a forest-dwelling brahmana, once visited the good king. Dasharatha received him nicely and offered him kind words of praise. The sage complimented the king in return and then discussed matters of duty, or dharma-katha. He also revealed the purpose of his visit. Brahmanas don’t need much for their maintenance. As their aim is to behave righteously and stay connected with Brahman and its source, the Supreme Lord, they can get by with a small amount of land and basic food. In Vedic rituals held by pious kings, the brahmanas were always gifted things so that they didn’t have to work for a living. Gold, jewelry andcows
Vishvamitra didn’t need any of these things from the king, however. He required expert protection, for the terrorist-like night-rangers in the forest were disturbing his adherence to piety. These creatures would appear in the dark with false guises and then attack just at the moment that a fire sacrifice was culminating. In the Vedic tradition a religious sacrifice is known as a yajna, which is another name for God. A sacrifice didn’t have to involve an animal being killed or offered up. A sacrifice generally consisted of a fire, with clarified butter offered as oblations. With a fire sacrifice, the component actions are pure and the presiding deities of creation are pleased. AsLord Krishna
 Krishna, or God, is the enjoyer of sacrifice. If one isn’t worshiping Him directly, the Lord still must be present for any of the worshiped personalities to receive their share. In this way sacrifice is very important. It is the backbone of a life dedicated to dharma. In the modern age the most effective sacrifice is known as thesankirtana-yajna, where one regularly recites the holy names: “Hare Krishna Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare Hare, Hare Rama Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare
To try to picture what Vishvamitra was going through, imagine sitting in meditation in your room and then getting attacked just as you started to think about God. This was basically what the sages in the forest were facing, as the night-rangers weren’t just attacking but also killing them and then eating their flesh. Dasharatha had jurisdiction over that part of the forest, so Vishvamitra came to request special protection. What the king didn’t know was that the sage had a special protector in mind, He who protects all the fallen souls.
Dasharatha’s eldest son Rama was the same Krishna, the Supreme Lord, in the guise of a human being. Though quite young at the time, Rama was an expert bow warrior. He played the role of a fighter to give pleasure to Dasharatha’s family line, the Ikshvakus, and protect the surrendered souls, the pious brahmanas, living in the forest. Dasharatha would rather die than part with Rama, but since he lived dharma, since he swore to uphold it, since he praised Vishvamitra with the sweetest words, he had no choice but to agree to the request.
From that acquiescence Rama and His younger brother Lakshmana
 Vishvamitra would also impart on the boys confidential mantras to be used in fighting. Rama is the creator of the universe and Lakshmana His eternal servant, so they don’t require any aid in fighting. Nevertheless, to add to Vishvamitra’s stature, to prove just how important discussing dharma and teaching it to others is, they listened attentively, as if they were ignorant on the matter. Maintaining that veil of ignorance, the boys would enter King Janaka’s kingdom on the day of a grand sacrifice, where Janaka’s daughter would wed whoever could lift the extremely heavy bow given by Lord Shiva
Vishvamitra didn’t need to provide a reason for his visit to Ayodhya, but he did so to let Dasharatha know that he wasn’t just taking his son away without cause. Moreover, Dasharatha didn’t need to worry about whether or not the request was appropriate, for by hearing about dharma, the king was reminded of his duty to uphold it. The most elevated brahmanas live bhagavata-dharma, or devotional service
In Closing:
About dharma the brahmana speaks,
Others about purpose in life to teach.
These discussions attentively hear,
Cycle of birth and death no longer fear.
Praise and honor Vishvamitra earned,
The kind words of king he did return.
Sacrifices of sages night-rangers did harm,
Thus needed Rama, He of mighty arms.
Because King Dasharatha finally did agree,
Splendid marriage of Sita and Rama world to see.
 |
Friday, February 10, 2012
Dharma-katha
New insights into how to correct false knowledge
The abundance of false information available on the Internet, in movies and on TV has created a big challenge for educators.
Students sometimes arrive in classrooms filled with inaccurate knowledge they are confident is correct, indicating it is deeply entrenched in their memory.
According to Duke University researchers, educators might be able to help students overcome their misconceptions by correcting inaccurate information then having the students practice retrieving it from memory.
"Errors that are deeply entrenched in memory are notoriously difficult to correct," said Andrew Butler, a post-doctoral researcher in Duke's Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, who led a recent study of how students correct false knowledge. "Providing students with feedback is the first step because it enables them to identify the error and learn the correct information."
Recent research in cognitive science has shown it is possible to correct false knowledge with feedback -- a phenomenon known as the hypercorrection effect. When students answer a test question wrong, the more confident they are in their original answer, the more likely they are to remember the right answer if corrected.
However, the hypercorrection effect seems to contradict our common experience that it is very difficult to correct deeply entrenched false knowledge. For example, anyone who has changed phone numbers knows how hard it is to learn the new number because the old number keeps coming to mind.
The Duke-led study helps to resolve this paradox. The study showed that false knowledge held with high confidence is more likely to be corrected in the short-term, but also more likely to come back in the long-term if the correction is forgotten.
"The hypercorrection effect is an interesting new phenomenon that seemed to contradict much of what we know about how people's memory works," Butler said. "The findings from our study show that this apparent contradiction is really just the result how the dynamics of error-correction shift over time."
Along with co-authors Lisa Fazio, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University, and Elizabeth Marsh, an associate professor in Duke's Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Butler wanted to better understand how the relationship between a person's confidence in a response and his ability to correct errors changes over time.
The researchers gave 50 Duke undergraduate students a 120-question test on basic science information, with questions including: What is stored in a camel's hump? How many chromosomes do humans have? What is the driest area on Earth? After answering each question, students rated their confidence in their response, and then received the correct answer as feedback. Half the students were retested six minutes later, while the other half were retested one week later.
Students who were retested immediately corrected 86 percent of their errors. As expected, their responses showed a hypercorrection effect -- they were more likely to correct errors that they had made with high confidence relative to low-confidence errors.
In contrast, students who were retested one-week later also showed a hypercorrection effect. However, these students only corrected 56 percent of their errors, indicating they had forgotten many of the correct answers that they had learned from the feedback.
When students forgot the correct answer over the one-week delay, the opposite of the hypercorrection effect occurred -- the higher their confidence in their initial error, the more likely they were to re-produce that same error on the final test.
"Although high-confidence errors may be easily corrected in the short-run, our findings suggest that one presentation of feedback is not enough to produce a long-lasting correction of deeply entrenched false knowledge," Butler said. "Without further practice, high-confidence errors seem to be more likely to return over time."
Does this finding indicate we are doomed to retain deeply entrenched false knowledge? Perhaps not. The authors suggest we should view the hypercorrection effect as a valuable opportunity.
One idea they propose is to capitalize on the hypercorrection effect by providing students with additional opportunities to retrieve the correct information.
"Giving students repeated practice with retrieving information has been shown to promote long-term retention of that information," said Butler, who has also conducted research on using testing to promote long-term retention of information. "If students practice retrieving the correct information, then they may be able to avoid reverting back to their deeply entrenched false knowledge."
More information: The study, "The Hypercorrection Effect Persists Over a Week, but High-Confidence Errors Return," appeared in the December print edition of the Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Provided by Duke University
"New insights into how to correct false knowledge." February 7th, 2012. http://www.physorg.com/news/2012-02-insights-false-knowledge.html
Posted by
Robert Karl Stonjek
Robert Karl Stonjek
Research finds children with social phobia are judged less attractive
(Medical Xpress) -- A recent study from the Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, has found children with social phobia are judged as less attractive and are less liked by their peers, than children without anxiety disorders.
The study conducted by M Barrow, J Baker and J Hudson had children watch video footage of their peers delivering a brief speech. Children with an anxiety disorder, specifically those with social phobia, were less liked and perceived as less physically attractive than non-anxious children.
According to the study, perceived attractiveness was highly related to poor micro social skills, and it is possible that this may have lead to the harsher judgment of attractiveness.
“Perceived physical attractiveness accounted for a significant degree of variance in peer liking,” says Dr Jess Baker. “Once physical attractiveness was considered in analyses, observed anxiety or having an anxiety disorder was no longer significant determinants of peer liking. This suggests that physical attractiveness is a stronger predictor of peer liking than the child’s anxiety”.
Social phobia is common among both adults and children with around seven per cent of the population experiencing a marked fear of negative evaluation from others in social or performance situations. Social phobia typically begins in early life with approximately half of socially anxious adults experiencing symptoms before the age of 11.
The findings highlight the specific relationship between social phobia and peer dislike and demonstrate the importance of observed anxiety and perceived physical attractiveness in determining peer dislike.
“It’s important to recognise the impact that social phobia can have on children. Children with social phobia are less likely to have close friendships, are more likely to drop out of school and can experience real issues in later life,” says Baker.
Provided by Macquarie University
"Research finds children with social phobia are judged less attractive." February 7th, 2012. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-02-children-social-phobia.html
Posted by
Robert Karl Stonjek
Robert Karl Stonjek
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BREAKING: MOST UNEMPLOYED YOUTH SINCE WORLD WAR II
The ability to build wealth is usually only feasible with a steady income. Yet every year a new class of young adults graduate from America’s universities to find a tough job market and frequent unemployment. This new group dubbed the “jobless generation” will have trouble building wealth from the get go as is often recommended. Get the statistics on the situation here!CNN Money shares…
The share of young adults with jobs has hit its lowest level since the government started keeping records just after World War II.
By the end of 2011, only 54.3% of those between the ages of 18 and 24 were employed, according to a Pew Research Center report released Thursday. And the gap in employment between the young and all working-age adults is roughly 15 percentage points — the widest on record.
The Great Recession hurt the young more than most other age groups. Their employment decline has been steeper and their median weekly earnings fell by 6%, while holding steady for others, Pew found.
Only part of this can be explained by the growth in college attendance. While a greater share of 18- to 24-year-olds are in school than ever before, the employment rate has fallen regardless of enrollment.
For those in college, only 40.7% had jobs last year, down from 47.6% in 2007. And the employment rate for young adults not in school dropped to 65%, from 73.2% in 2007.
The jobless rate for 18- to 24-year-olds was 16.3% last year, compared to 8.8% for the overall population.
Nearly half of 18- to 34-year-olds say they’ve taken a job they didn’t want just to pay the bills, while another quarter have accepted unpaid work in order to gain experience. Nearly a third postponed getting married or having a baby. One in four moved back home with their parents after living on their own.
But the young have maintained their optimism. Some 88% of 18- to 34-year-olds say they either have earned enough money now to lead the kind of life they want or expect they will earn enough in the future. Their older compatriots have a much darker view, with 28% of people over the age of 35 saying they will never earn enough
Get the entire story at CNN Money!
FIVE FACTS OF LIFE THAT MATTER IN BUSINESS
5 Simple Business Truths From Mom
Essential lessons about life turned out to be lessons for business.
By Paul Spiegelman | @paulspiegelman| Feb 8, 2012
In my speaking engagements, I often get asked how I decided to focus on culture and employee engagement as the most important drivers for my business. Did some event trigger this approach? Did I work somewhere else and then decide that this is the way I wanted to do business? The answer is neither. Beryl has been my only gig (at least for the last 27 years). I guess I just didn’t know any better.
The credit goes to my mom and dad.
My parents are terrific people who managed to keep three boys from killing each other in a very rambunctious household. And while we may have battled as youngsters, the unifying values my parents instilled in us enabled my brothers and I to all go into business together and build a successful enterprise. I’m the only one still involved in the business, but the key principles remain the same.
Since we knew little to nothing about running a business and had no real professional experience, we decided to build our company on what we did know…and that is directly related to how we were brought up. And like many parents out there, ours had a few go-to sayings that ended up well beyond the Spiegelman house and directly in the culture of our business. Here are some of my favorites and why they’ll be important to your success.
1. “Always Be Nice”
It seems so simple, but I’ll never forget my dad telling me that. When I was a child and my dad would run into an old business colleague, that person would pull me aside and tell me that my dad was one of the nicest people he had ever met. I always hoped people would say that about me one day. (And I’m still working on it.) Being nice and having kindness in your heart will get you through almost any situation.
2. “Listen”
Stop telling people what you can do for them and listen to what they’re saying they need from you. You can’t learn what your customer needs (and what they will buy from you) if you’re too busy talking about what you can give them.
3. “Eat Your Vegetables”
The same way it’s good for you to plow through your vegetables as a kid, you’ll find enormous benefits in reading to improve your business. Even the artichokes of business books. You can never read too much.
4. “Stop Picking Your Nose”
Be aware how you conduct yourself out in the world. People are watching you and your business. And not only should you avoid them catching you doing something questionable, don’t do that questionable thing in the first place.
Continue reading this article at INC.com after the break!
3 WAYS TO BE TAKEN MORE SERIOUSLY
Appearance in the workplace is everything. If you believe otherwise, you are kidding yourself. If you have your sights set on that promotion, make sure you are acting the part. These 3 tips will help you snag the job you deserve. Get the tips here!INC recommends…
1. Hire a Copy Editor
There’s no denying that business communications have become increasingly casual as people more frequently use email, messaging, blogs and so forth. This creates an opportunity, because you can now create an aura of superior professionalism simply by communicating with error-free text … especially if your competition is winging it.
If you’re not capable of writing perfect copy yourself, though, hire a copy editor to go over your most important documents–even emails. It’s surprisingly inexpensive. I’ve had good experiences with PureText, but if they’re too busy, it shouldn’t be too difficult to locate an alternative.
2. Speak More Clearly
I’ve interviewed hundreds of top executives, and the most successful (like Larry Ellison and Michael Dell) have well-modulated voices and tend to speak slowly and clearly. The wannabes, on the other hand, talk fast, say “uh …” or “like …” in the middle of their sentences or, worst of all, have that annoying little uptick at the end of a sentence that turns it from a statement into a question.
To sound more professional, record your voice when you’re talking in person and on the telephone, listen carefully to the playback, become aware of what you’re doing, then try again. Repeat until you’ve learned to slow down and speak more clearly. If necessary, hire a vocal coach.
3. Sanitize Your Online Persona
I’ve written about this in the past, but it bears repeating: Don’t buy into this nonsense that you should meld your business and personal life.
Unless you’re running for political office, publicity about your family distracts from your professional image, even if you’ve got a trophy spouse and perfect children. And if you’re into anything at all unusual or weird, I guarantee you that it will come up in some business situation that makes you wish it hadn’t. So troll through the social networking sites and make your personal life private again. If this means creating a separate Facebook page for your working life, so be it.
Get more great tips at INC!
TIPS TO RECRUIT THE BEST AND THE BRIGHTEST
How I Find and Hire the World’s Best Employees
It’s no secret that great people build great companies, so it’s baffling that more companies don’t treat recruiting as the most critical job.
By Joe Reynolds | @RedFrogEvents |
A five-piece mariachi band, a cake with a hidden message, and more food than you’d believe, were all delivered to our office—resume in tow—to help an applicant stand out from the other 2,000 monthly hopefuls who apply for a job here. People do crazy things like this because they, with all their hearts, want to work at Red Frog Events.
It’s no secret that great people build great companies, so it’s baffling that more companies don’t treat recruitment as the most critical department. Red Frog has treated it this way from day one with spectacular results: We currently hire just one out of every 750 applicants.
How to attract great applicants:
- Positive work culture. It’s flat-out fun working at Red Frog. I work with 130 of the nicest, smartest, and most fun people I’ve ever met. The pure fun and excitement of an ordinary Red Frog day never gets old. New recruits notice.
- Incredible benefits. Our benefits package includes unlimited vacation days (see Give Your Employees Unlimited Vacation Days), a sabbatical every five years, a 10 percent 401k match with no vesting schedule and many more great perks.
- Office environment. We have an award-winning camp-themed office environment that includes a tree house (see Your Employees Need a Treehouse), zip-line and rock-climbing wall, among many other fun surprises. It makes coming to work exciting.
- Heavy recruitment. We could simply let the applicants come to us, but we don’t. Long lines and raw excitement to meet the Red Frog crew at nearly every job fair within six hours of Chicago is the norm.
How to interview them:
- Resumes are mostly garbage. This completely deviates from status quo, but it works for us. We look for nice-to-the-core, passionate people and a resume simply doesn’t communicate that. We just make sure the basics are in place and move on.
- Cover letters. The cover letter is where passion shines. Our hires submitted passionately written cover letters.
- Passion wins. The best employees, assuming some vitals are in place, are the most passionate ones.
- Untraditional interviews. It kills me that businesses still ask standard interview questions. “What’s your biggest weakness?” surely won’t get you an answer of value when the answer has already been rehearsed. Get creative.
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பேப்பர் தட்டு, கப் தயாரிப்பு
இன்று பிளாஸ்டிக் பொருட்கள் எங்குமே தடை செய்யப்பட்டு விட்டன. பிளாஸ்டிக் யுகம் முடிந்து விட்டது எனலாம். இனி எங்கும் எப்போதும் பேப்பர் தட்டு, கப்களுக்குத் தான் டிமாண்ட் ஏற்படும் சூழல். சுமாரான முதலீட்டில் ஈடுபட நினைப்பவர்களுக்கு ஏற்ற பிஸினஸ். இங்கு நான் ஒரளவுக்கு அறிமுக நிலையைப் பற்றித் தான் விளக்கியிருக்கிறேன். தொழில் தொடங்கும் முன் சம்பந்தப்பட்ட துறையை அணுகி மேலதிக விவரங்கள் பெற்றுக் கொள்ளவும். சுற்றுச் சூழலுக்கு கேடு விளைவிக்காதவை பேப்பர் தட்டுகள். ஆடம்பரமாகவும் இருக்கும். வாழை இலை, பிளாஸ்டிக் தட்டுகளுக்கு மாற்றாக விளங்கும் இவற்றை தயாரித்து விற்றால் நல்ல லாபம் பார்க்கலாம் என்கிறார் கோவை மாவட்டம் பொள்ளாச்சி அடுத்த சின்னாம்பாளையத்தில் உள்ள கற்பகவிருட்சம் மகளிர் சுய உதவி குழுவை சேர்ந்த சுகுணா. அவர் கூறியதாவது: கடந்த 4 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பு மகளிர் குழுவை துவக்கினோம். உறுப்பினர்கள் 5 பேர் சேர்ந்து, பேப்பர் பிளேட் தயாரிக்க பயிற்சி பெற்றோம். வங்கியில் ரூ.5 லட்சம் கடன் வாங்கி தொழிலுக்கு தேவையான மெஷின்களை நிறுவினோம். 5 பேரும் பக்கத்து பக்கத்து வீடுகளை சேர்ந்தவர்கள் என்பதால் வீட்டு வேலைகளை சீக்கிரம் முடித்துவிட்டு பேப்பர் பிளேட் தயாரிக்கும் பணிகளை தொடங்குவோம். ஒருவர் பேப்பரை கட்டிங் செய்யும் இயந்திரத்தையும், மற்றொருவர் பிளேட் தயாரிக்கும் மெஷினையும் இயக்குவோம். மற்ற 2 பேர் பேக்கிங் செய்வார்கள். உற்பத்தியோடு விற்பனையையும் நாங்களே கவனிக்கிறோம். மின் தடை இல்லாமல் இருந்தால், ஒரு நாளில் 10 ஆயிரம் பிளேட் தயாரிக்கலாம். ஒரு பிளேட்டுக்கு 20 பைசா லாபம். மாதம் ரூ.18 ஆயிரம் வங்கிக்கு செலுத்துகிறோம். தினசரி சம்பளமாக நாங்கள் தலா ரூ.100 எடுத்து கொள்கிறோம். அலுவலகம், வீடு ஆகியவற்றில் நடைபெறும் விசேஷங்களில் பேப்பர் பிளேட் பயன்பாடு அதிகரித்து வருவதால் தயாரித்தவுடன் விற்று விடுகிறது. பொள்ளாச்சி தொழிற்பேட்டையில் உள்ள தொழிற்சாலைகளிலும் எங்கள் பேப்பர் தட்டுகளை விற்று வருகிறோம். இதனால் நல்ல லாபம் கிடைக்கிறது. பெண்கள் வீட்டில் இருந்தபடியே செய்வதற்கு ஏற்ற தொழில் இது. நீண்ட நாள் ஸ்டாக் வைத்து விற்கலாம். நல்ல வருமானமும் கிடைக்கும். கட்டமைப்பு: இயந்திரங்கள் நிறுவ 10 அடி நீள, அகலத்தில் ஒரு அறை, தேவையான பேப்பர், உற்பத்தியான பிளேட்களை இருப்பு வைக்க மற்றொரு அறை, 1.5 ஹெச்பி மின் இணைப்பு (ரூ.3 ஆயிரம்). முதலீடு: பேப்பர் பிளேட் இயந்திரம் 1 (ரூ.1.4 லட்சம்), பேப்பரை 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 ஆகிய இஞ்ச் அளவுகளில் வட்ட வடிவில் வெட்ட பிளேடுகள் மற்றும் அந்த அளவுகளில் பிளேட் செய்வதற்கான டை 7 (ரூ.54 ஆயிரம்) என மொத்தம் முதலீடு ரூ.1.94 லட்சம். உற்பத்தி பொருட்கள்: பாலிகோட் ஒயிட் பேப்பர் (திக் ரகம் டன் ரூ.72 ஆயிரம், நைஸ் ரகம் ரூ.40 ஆயிரம்) சில்வர் திக் (டன் ரூ.38 ஆயிரம்), சில்வர் நைஸ் (டன் ரூ.30 ஆயிரம்), புரூட்டி பேப்பர் திக் (டன் ரூ.50 ஆயிரம்), நைஸ் ரகம் (ரூ.38 ஆயிரம்) மற்றும் பேக்கிங் கவர், லேபிள், செலோ டேப். கிடைக்கும் இடங்கள்: பேப்பர் பிளேட் மெஷின் சென்னை, கோவை உள்ளிட்ட பெருநகரங்களிலும், பேப்பர்களில் பாலிகோட் ஒயிட், சில்வர் திக் ஆகியவை சிவகாசி, சில்வர் நைஸ் டெல்லி, புரூட்டி பேப்பர் திக், நைஸ் ஆகியவை கேரளாவிலும் மலிவாக கிடைக்கின்றன. உற்பத்தி செலவு: வாடகை, மின்கட்டணம், உற்பத்தி பொருட்கள், கூலி உள்பட பாலிகோட் ஒயிட் 6 இஞ்ச் பேப்பர் பிளேட் தயாரிக்க 20 பைசா, 7 இஞ்ச் தயாரிக்க 45 பைசா, 8 இஞ்ச் 60 பைசா, 10 இஞ்ச் ரூ.1, சில்வர் திக் 8 இஞ்ச் ரூ.1, 10 இஞ்ச் ரூ.1.30, சில்வர் நைஸ் 6 இஞ்ச் 25 பைசா, 7 இஞ்ச் 45 பைசா, புரூட்டி பேப்பர் 8 இஞ்ச் ரூ.1, 10 இஞ்ச் ரூ.1.30 செலவாகிறது. 10 ஆயிரம் பிளேட் தயாரிக்க ஆகும் செலவு ரூ.7700. மாதத்தில் 25 நாளில் 2.5 லட்சம் பிளேட் உற்பத்திக்கு ரூ.1.92 லட்சம் தேவை. வருவாய்: ஒரு பேப்பர் பிளேட்டுக்கு 20 பைசா லாபம் கிடைப்பதால் தினசரி லாபம் ரூ.2 ஆயிரம். 25 நாளில் ரூ.50 ஆயிரம் லாபம் கிடைக்கும். விற்பனை வாய்ப்பு: கேட்டரிங் நடத்துபவர்கள், சமையல் ஏஜென்ட்கள், விழாக்கள், அன்னதான நிகழ்ச்சி நடத்துபவர்கள் பேப்பர் பிளேட்களை வாங்குகிறார்கள். அவர்களுக்கு நேரடியாக சப்ளை செய்யலாம். கடைகளுக்கும் சப்ளை செய்யலாம். தரம், குறைந்த லாபம், நேரடி அணுகுமுறை இருந்தால் நிறைய ஆர்டர் கிடைக்கும். பேப்பர் டீ கப் தயாரிப்பு:அதிகரித்து வரும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் விழிப்புணர்வால் யாருக்கு அதிக பலன் என்று கேட்டால் கண்ணை மூடிக்கொண்டு சொல்லிவிடலாம், பேப்பர் கப் தயாரிப்பவர் களுக்கு என்று! டீ கடையில் ஆரம்பித்து, கல்யாண வீடு வரை தனக்கென ஒரு இடத்தைப் பிடித்துவிட்டது பேப்பர் கப்கள். சுகாதாரத்திற்கு சுகாதாரம், சுற்றுச் சூழலுக்கும் நல்லது என்ற இரட்டைக் காரணத்தால் இதற்கான மவுசும் தேவையும் கூடிக்கொண்டே இருக்கிறது. திருமண வீடுகளில் மட்டுமல்ல, டீக்கடை களிலும் இதுதான் நிலைமை . சந்தை வாய்ப்பு!டீக்கடைகளில் கண்ணாடி கிளாஸ்களை பராமரிப்பதில் உள்ள சிரமத்தின் காரணமாக பேப்பர் கப்கள் மிகச் சிறந்த மாற்றாகி உள்ளது. பெரும் பாலான அலுவலகங்களும் பேப்பர் கப்களுக்கு மாறிவிட்டதால், இதற்கான சந்தை வாய்ப்பு பிரகாசமாக உள்ளது. எனவே புதிதாகத் தொழில் தொடங்க நினைப்பவர்களுக்கு சரியான தேர்வாக இருக்கிறது இந்த பேப்பர் கப் தயாரிப்பு. உள்ளூர் மட்டுமல்லாமல் வெளிநாடுகளுக்கு ஏற்றுமதி செய்யும் அளவுக்கு இந்த பிஸினஸில் வாய்ப்புகளும் அதிகம். மூலப் பொருளான பேப்பர் ரோல்களை வாங்கி மெஷின் மூலம் எளிதாக தயாரித்து விடலாம். மெஷினை இயக்கத் தெரிந்தால் போதுமானது. தயாரான கப்களை பேக்கிங் செய்துவிட்டால் மார்க்கெட்டுக்கு ரெடி! இத்தொழிலைத் தொடங்கும் முதலீட்டாளர் கள் கையிலிருந்து ஐந்து சதவிகிதத் தொகையை முதலீடு செய்தால் போதுமானது. மீதி 95 சதவிகித தொகையை வங்கிக் கடன் மூலம் பெற்றுக் கொள்ளலாம். குறைந்தபட்சம் ஆறரை லட்சம் ரூபாய் முதலீடாகக் கொண்டு இத்தொழிலைத் தொடங்கலாம். இதன் முக்கிய மூலப்பொருளான பேப்பர் தமிழ்நாட்டிலேயே கிடைக்கிறது. இந்த பேப்பர் ரோலின் தரத்தைப் பொறுத்துத்தான் பேப்பர் கப்பின் தரமும் இருக்கும். ஜி.எஸ்.எம். அளவு களைப் பொறுத்தே இதன் தரம் இருக்கும். இந்த பிஸினஸுக்கு அதிகளவில் இடம் தேவைப்படாது. குறைந்தபட்சம் 350 சதுரடி இடம் போதுமானது. கப்களைத் தயார் செய்யும் இடமும் சொந்தமாகவே இருக்க வேண்டும் என்பதில்லை. வாடகைக்கு இடம் கிடைத்தால்கூட போதுமானது. வழியில்லை எனில் வீட்டிலேயேகூட இயந்திரத்தை நிறுவி தயாரித்துக் கொள்ளலாம். பே ப்பர் ரோல்களை இயந்திரத்தில் கொடுத்தால் விரும்பிய அளவிலான கப்கள் கிடைக்கும். இந்த இயந்திரங்கள் தமிழ்நாட்டி லேயே கிடைக்கிறது என்பது கூடுதல் சிறப்பு. பேப்பர் கப் தயாரிப்பு பிரதமரின் சுயவேலை வாய்ப்பு திட்டத்தின் கீழ் வருவதால் மானியம் கிடைக்கிறது. முதலீட்டு தொகையில் நகரம் எனில் 25%மும், கிராமம் எனில் 35 சதவிகிதமும் மானியம் கிடைக்கும். உதாரணமாக பத்துலட்ச ரூபாய் முதலீடு என்றால் இரண்டரை லட்ச ரூபாய் மானியமாக கிடைக்கும். இந்த மானியத் தொகையை நமது வங்கிக் கணக்கில் வரவு வைத்து விடுவார்கள். நான்கு வருடங்களுக்கு பிறகு இத்தொகையை நமது கடனில் வங்கி கழித்துக் கொள்ளும். மேலும் நாம் வங்கியில் வாங்கியிருக்கும் கடனில் மானியத் தொகை போக மீதமுள்ள தொகைக்கு வட்டி கட்டினால் போதுமானது. . ஆண்டுக்கு 300 நாட்கள், நாள் ஒன்றுக்கு ஒரு ஷிஃப்ட் வீதம் வேலை பார்த்தால், 75 லட்சம் கப்களைத் தயாரிக்கலாம். இதற்கான மூலப்பொருளான ஒரு டன் பேப்பருக்கு 74,000 ரூபாய் செலவாகும். திறமையான வேலையாட்கள் - 2, சாதாரண வேலையாட்கள் - 8, மேலாளர் - 1 , விற்பனையாளர் - 1 என மொத்தம் 12 ஆட்கள் தேவைப்படும். ஒரு நாளைக்கு 69 யூனிட் மின்சாரம் தேவைப்படும்.. ஆண்டுக்கு 300 நாட்கள் வேலை செய்தால், 90% உற்பத்தித் திறனுக்கு 18,662 யூனிட் வரை செலவாகும். ஒரு நாளைக்கு எட்டு மணி நேரம் இயந்திர பயன்பாடு இருக்கும். பலன்கள் * ஆண்டு முழுவதும் தேவை இருக்கும். * உடனடியாக விற்காவிட்டால் கெட்டுப்போய்விடும் என்ற பிரச்னை இல்லை. .* அதிகப்படியான நிலம் தேவையில்லை; வேலையாட்கள் தேவையில்லை; மிகப் பெரிய தயாரிப்பு முறையும் கிடையாது என்பதால் இளைஞர்கள், பெண்களுக்கு மிகவும் சாதகமான தொழில். குறிப்பாக சுயஉதவி குழுக்கள் மூலம் பொருட்களைத் தயாரிக்கும் பெண்கள் இத்தொழிலில் சுலபமாக இறங்கலாம். சந்திக்க வேண்டிய சவால்கள் * பலரும் இத்தொழிலில் இறங்க வாய்ப்புண்டு என்பதால் எதிர்காலத்தில் போட்டி அதிகமாகி, நாம் விற்கும் பொருட்களுக்கான விலை குறையலாம். * பேப்பர் விலை அதிகரிக்கும் பட்சத்தில் மூலப்பொருள் செலவு அதிகரித்து, விலை உயர்த்த வேண்டி வரும். * பேப்பர் கப்கள் மிக லேசானவை என்பதால் மிகுந்த ஜாக்கிரதையோடு கையாள வேண்டும். Engr. சுல்தான் |
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