amudu

Tuesday, September 13, 2016

Rise and Fall

“Logic will get you from A to Z; imagination will get you everywhere.” ― Albert Einstein

In 1998, Kodak had 170,000 employees and sold 85% of all photo paper worldwide.

Within just a few years, their business model disappeared and they were bankrupt.
What happened to Kodak will happen in a lot of industries in the next 10 years – and most people don’t see it coming. Did you think in 1998 that 3 years later you would never take pictures on paper film again?
Yet digital cameras were invented in 1975. The first ones only had 10,000 pixels, but followed Moore’s law.
So as with all exponential technologies, it was a disappointment for a long time, before it became superior and mainstream in only a few short years.
This will now happen with Artificial Intelligence, health, self-driving and electric cars, education, 3D printing, agriculture and jobs.
Welcome to the 4th Industrial Revolution.
Welcome to the Exponential Age.
Software and operating platforms will disrupt most traditional industries in the next 5-10 years.
Uber is just a software tool.
They don’t own any cars, but they are now the biggest taxi company in the world.
Airbnb is the biggest hotel company in the world, although they don’t own any properties.
Artificial Intelligence:
Computers become exponentially better in understanding the world.
This year, a computer beat the best Go player in the world, 10 years earlier than expected.
In the US, young lawyers already don’t get jobs.
Because of IBM Watson, you can get legal advice, (so far for more or less basic stuff), within seconds.
With 90% accuracy, compared with 70% accuracy when done by humans.
So if you are studying law, stop immediately.
There will be 90% fewer generalist lawyers in the future; only specialists will be needed.
‘Watson’ already helps nurses diagnose cancer, four times more accurately than doctors.
Facebook now has pattern recognition software that can recognize faces better than humans.
By 2030, computers will have become ‘more intelligent’ than humans.
Cars:
In 2018 the first self driving cars will be offered to the public.
Around 2020, the complete industry will start to be disrupted.
You don’t want to own a car anymore.
You will call a car on your phone; it will show up at your location and drive you to your destination.
You will not need to park it, you only pay for the driven distance and you can be productive whilst driving.
Our kids will never get a driver’s licence and will never own a car.
It will change the cities, because we will need 90-95% fewer cars for our future needs.
We can transform former parking spaces into parks.
At present,1.2 million people die each year in car accidents worldwide.
We now have one accident every 100,000 kms.
With autonomous driving, that will drop to one accident in 10 million km.
That will save a million lives each year.
Electric cars will become mainstream around and after 2020.
Cities will be cleaner and much less noisy because all cars will run on electricity, which will become much cheaper.
Most traditional car companies may become bankrupt by tacking the evolutionary approach and just building better cars; while tech companies (Tesla, Apple, Google) will take the revolutionary approach and build a computer on wheels.
I spoke to a lot of engineers from Volkswagen and Audi. They are terrified of Tesla.
Insurance companies will have massive trouble, because without accidents, the insurance will become 100 times cheaper. Their car insurance business model will disappear.
Real estate values based on proximities to work-places, schools, etc. will change, because if you can work effectively from anywhere or be productive while you commute, people will move out of cities to live in a more rural surroundings.
Solar energy productionhas been on an exponential curve for 30 years, but only now is having a big impact.
Last year, more solar energy was installed worldwide than fossil.
The price for solar will drop so much that almost all coal mining companies will be out of business by 2025.
Water for all: With cheap electricity comes cheap and abundant water. Desalination now only needs 2kWh per cubic meter.
We don’t have scarce water in most places; we only have scarce drinking water.
Imagine what will be possible if everyone can have as much clean water as they want, for virtually no cost.
Health:
The Tricorder X price will be announced this year – a medical device (called the “Tricorder” from Star Trek) that works with your phone, which takes your retina scan, your blood sample and your breath.
It then analyses 54 biomarkers that will identify nearly any diseases.
It will be cheap, so in a few years, everyone on this planet will have access to world class, low cost, medicine.
3D printing:
The price of the cheapest 3D printer came down from 18,000$ to 400$ within 10 years.
In the same time, it became 100 times faster.
All major shoe companies started printing 3D shoes.
Spare airplane parts are already 3D-printed in remote airports.
The space station now has a printer that eliminates the need for the large amount of spare parts they used to need in the past.
At the end of this year, new smart phones will have 3D scanning possibilities.
You can then 3D scan your feet and print your perfect shoe at home.
In China, they have already 3D-printed a complete 6-storey office building. By 2027, 10% of everything that’s being produced will be 3D-printed.
Business opportunities:
If you think of a niche you want to enter, ask yourself: “in the future, do you think we will have that?” And if the answer is yes, then work on how you can make that happen sooner. If it doesn’t work via your phone, forget the idea. And any idea that was designed for success in the 20th century is probably doomed to fail in the 21st century.
Work: 70-80% of jobs will disappear in the next 20 years. There will be a lot of new jobs, but it is not clear that there will be enough new jobs in such a short time.
Agriculture:
There will be a 100$ agricultural robot in the future.
Farmers in 3rd world countries can then become managers of their fields instead of working in them all day. Aeroponics will need much less water.
The first veal produced in a petri dish is now available.
It will be cheaper than cow- produced veal in 2018.
Right now, 30% of all agricultural surfaces are used for rearing cattle.
Imagine if we don’t need that space anymore.
There are several start-ups which will bring insect protein to the market shortly. It contains more protein than meat. It will be labelled as “alternative protein source” (because most people still reject the idea of eating insects).
Apps:
There is already an app called “moodies” which can tell the mood you are in.
By 2020 there will be apps that can tell by your facial expressions if you are lying. Imagine a political debate where we know whether the participants are telling the truth and when not!
Currencies:
Many currencies will be abandoned.
Bitcoin will become mainstream this year and might even become the future default reserve currency.
Longevity:
Right now, the average life span increases by 3 months per year.
Four years ago, the life span was 79 years, now it is 80 years.
The increase itself is increasing and by 2036, there will be more than a one-year increase per year.
So we all might live for a long, long time, probably way beyond 100.
Education:
The cheapest smartphones already sell at 10$ in Africa and Asia.
By 2020, 70% of all humans will own a smartphone.
That means everyone will have much the same access to world class education.
Every child can use Khan Academy for everything he needs to learn at schools in First World countries.
Further afield, the software has been launched in Indonesia and will be released it in Arabic, Swahili and Chinese this summer.
The English app will be offered free, so that children in Africa can become fluent in English within half a year.
–
Cherif El-Ayouty
Master of Science – Author
30 years ago he spoke into his watch and owned an autonomous car. Mankind has progressed over the years.

The Most Common Ways Partners Manipulate Each Other

Despite their intent to be authentic and open, many committed and caring couples use covert behaviors to get their needs met when they think direct requests won't work. They may not intend to take advantage of a partner, but simply feel they will be more successful if they use strategic tactics in certain situations. They may not even be trying to be manipulative, but just doing what they believe will improve their relationship.

Many people define manipulation as a behavior that intentionally uses another person for personal gain. Though it's believed this regularly happens outside of relationships, most intimate partners either don’t recognize that they practice it in their relationship, or don’t want to admit that they do. Even the most loving and caring partners regularly use manipulative techniques to get their partner to do things they might not otherwise choose to do. When I ask if they would rather be open about their wishes, they agree this is ideal, but are fearful this kind of transparency will create problems.

Learning to strategize begins early in childhood. Every child quickly learns when and how to ask for something that will get them what they need. They usually start by directly saying what they want, but soon realize that a strategic maneuver works better. I fondly remember a six-year-old boy in my office ignoring his mother’s requests to behave. After she made several unsuccessful attempts to control him, she raised her hand to give him a swat on his bottom. He looked at her with a very sweet expression on his face and said, “You’re so beautiful when your mad, mommy.” We both tried to keep a straight face, but it worked—and, yes, he had copied it from watching his dad.

Many of my patients tell me that their partner can easily see behind their manipulative tactics if they want to, but believe that they would rather not. Or both partners have accepted that neither is always straight in all areas, but they are usually honest about the important ones. They’ve also told me that a good outcome justifies strategic choices because being direct can cause unnecessary conflicts.

I recall a middle-aged patient many years ago who was determined to stay married to her often-unfaithful husband, once showing me her latest “re-entry bracelet.” She loved beautiful jewelry and he had learned to soothe her by giving her just the right token at the right time. It was an unspoken strategy that seemed to work for both of them. Another woman told me that she crushed Viagra and put it in her husband’s dinner because he would not acknowledge his erectile dysfunction. She knew it worked better if taken without food, but he wasn’t willing to acknowledge his predicament, and she enjoyed intercourse too much to give it up.

Such “working the system” behaviors can become so much part of a couple’s habits that they see them as part of a successful partnership. And, very often those behaviors are reinforced because they work. Sadly, major problems can arise when intimate partners unconsciously or consciously use these strategies and their behavior is discovered. If trust is the act of believing that one’s most reliable and intimate friend is always honest, then the discovery of manipulative behavior in any important area to either partner can shake that trust and threaten the relationship.

Manipulative techniques will likely continue to be part of every intimate relationship, but caring partners who want to be as authentic with one another as possible can recognize when they are being indirect and learn ways to be more transparent without necessarily risking their intimate connection. The closer both partners can come to being completely open and honest in what they want, the more they will be able to create a spiritual and emotional sanctuary that sustains their love.

Here are the 12 most common manipulative techniques. Please do not judge yourself if you recognize that you or your partner practice some of them. Try using these to help each other feel more comfortable communicating with each other.

The Twelve Most Common Manipulative Behaviors

1. Guilt. People feel guilty when they don’t live up to the expectations of people who are important to them. If you know what makes your partner feel bad about him or herself, and use that knowledge to get what you need, you are using emotional blackmail.

2. Martyrdom. If you give too much to your partner on a regular basis, you could be trying to build an emotional credit card balance that makes your partner feel obligated to pay when you want something—even if he or she would prefer not to.

3. Using others to “sell” your idea. This kind of coercion happens when one partner cites biased references to get the other to comply. “Everyone thinks...” or, “Our best friends always take a least two vacations a year," or, "The newest research shows that…”

4. Hiding your errors. If you fear your partner’s criticism or disappointment, you may find yourself hiding something you’ve done wrong. It's common to wait for a time when you’re getting along well to reveal the truth and soften the blow.

5. Presenting exaggerated, embellished, or untrue reasons for your behavior to neutralize a potentially bad reaction. If you’re caught doing something your partner is upset by, you create a more believable story to sway your partner to your side. If he or she “understands” that your behavior was legitimate under those circumstances, you might be able to neutralize a potentially negative response.

6. Overreacting to get your partner to feel badly about his or her emotions. Creating drama is a typical way to getting your partner to back down if he or she dislikes scenes, emotional turmoil, or exaggerated consequences. Even if you feel something intensely, you consciously or unconsciously count on the fact that your partner will back down to avoid the intensity of the situation.

7. Presenting something as a gift for your partner when it was really something you wanted. An example is telling your partner that a fantastic deal came up that you know he or she would really like, when it’s really something you wanted but didn’t think you could get it if you didn’t present it as a “gift.”

8. Feigning an excuse when you don’t want to do something, or don’t want to be held responsible for breaking an agreement or disappointing your partner. “I have a headache,” or, “It’s been a really hard day. I just didn’t expect so much stress. I’ll get to it tomorrow," or, "I’m so sorry, I just forgot. I have too much on my mind.”

9. Passive/aggressive behavior. Agreeing with your partner’s request in the moment to avoid disappointing or upsetting him or her, but somehow never getting around to what you agreed to. If you use this strategy often, your partner will lose trust in you.

10. Being accommodating now, just to get something you want later on. This is one of the most common types of manipulation. Most intimate partners know what pleases their partner, so they put on momentary charm in advance of a later request the other can’t comfortably refuse.

11. Padding a request to ensure that what you really want will be granted. This strategy requires that you purposefully ask for much more than you know you will get, knowing that your partner will offer less, which is what you really only wanted. “Honey, my dream would be to get that new Tesla. What do you think?” (You'd actually be very happy with a Prius.)

12. Hiding something you’ve done wrong, to fix it before it gets discovered. It’s understandable that you don’t want your partner disappointed in something you’ve done, so you try to hide or fix it before he or she finds out. You’re playing against the clock, so you have to get very good at keeping him or her off the trail until you have it covered.

Randi Gunther, Ph.D.,

Thanks https://www.psychologytoday.com

Monday, September 12, 2016

The Indian physicist who ‘created’ a black hole Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Cecile G. Tamura

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was known to the world as Chandra. The word chandra means "moon" or "luminous" in Sanskrit.

As a young doctoral student at Cambridge, Subramanian Chandrasekhar had deduced that certain types of stars, called white dwarfs, could not have a mass more than roughly 1.44 solar masses (the Chandrasekhar limit). If they exceeded this mass, they would undergo collapse under the pull of gravity. The collapse of a star exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit was a precursor to the idea of black holes.

When he presented his results in 1935 to the Royal Society, Britain’s most celebrated astronomer, Arthur Eddington (1882–1944) took violent objection on the grounds that Chandrasekhar had wrongly used quantum mechanics and that his proposed behavior for a star was simply absurd.

Physicists knew Eddington’s argument to be incorrect, but did not come out in Chandrasekhar’s defense—some thought it obvious, and some were afraid to contradict Eddington. Chandrasekhar left England (where all doors were closed to him in view of the above) and migrated to the USA to become one of the most influential and respected astrophysicists in the world.

His results came to be universally accepted and he won the Nobel Prize in 1983, over 50 years after his great discovery.

http://chandra.harvard.edu/blog/node/587

https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/…/the-indian-physicist-that-c…/

http://www.nobelprize.org/…/lau…/1983/chandrasekhar-bio.html

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, (born October 19, 1910, Lahore, India [now in Pakistan]—died August 21, 1995, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.) Indian-born American astrophysicist who, with William A. Fowler, won the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics for key discoveries that led to the currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars.

Chandrasekhar was the nephew of Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930.

Chandrasekhar was educated at Presidency College, at the University of Madras, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. From 1933 to 1936 he held a position at Trinity.

By the early 1930s, scientists had concluded that, after converting all of their hydrogen to helium, stars lose energy and contract under the influence of their own gravity. These stars, known as white dwarf stars, contract to about the size of Earth, and the electrons and nuclei of their constituent atoms are compressed to a state of extremely high density. Chandrasekhar determined what is known as the Chandrasekhar limit—that a star having a mass more than 1.44 times that of the Sun does not form a white dwarf but instead continues to collapse, blows off its gaseous envelope in a supernova explosion, and becomes a neutron star. An even more massive star continues to collapse and becomes a black hole. These calculations contributed to the eventual understanding of supernovas, neutron stars, and black holes.

Chandrasekhar joined the staff of the University of Chicago, rising from assistant professor of astrophysics (1938) to Morton D. Hull distinguished service professor of astrophysics (1952), and became a U.S. citizen in 1953. He did important work on energy transfer by radiation in stellar atmospheres and convection on the solar surface. He also attempted to develop the mathematical theory of black holes, describing his work in The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes (1983).

Chandrasekhar was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1953, the Royal Medal of the Royal Society in 1962, and the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1984. His other books include An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure (1939), Principles of Stellar Dynamics (1942), Radiative Transfer (1950), Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability (1961), Truth and Beauty: Aesthetics and Motivations in Science (1987), and Newton’s Principia for the Common Reader (1995).

https://www.britannica.com/biogr…/Subrahmanyan-Chandrasekhar

60வருடங்களுக்கு முன்னரான நையினை நாகபூசணி ஆலயத்தின் உற்சவம் இந்த செய்தி தமிழ்த்தேசிய செய்திகள் இணையத்திலிருந்து பிரதிசெய்யப்பட்டது

அன்பை உணராதவர்கள் இக்குட்டிக்கதையை வாசித்து சாகட்டும்!

ஒரு இளைஞன் வெளியூர் சென்று திரும்பும்போது பாலைவனத்தின் வழியே திரும்ப நேர்ந்தது. அப்போது ஒரு சுனையில் நீரை கண்டான்.
ஆவலுடன் ஓடிச்சென்று நீரை பருகியவன், அந்த நீரின் சுவையில் அளவற்ற மகிழ்ச்சியடைந்தான்.
குடிமக்களை சிறந்த முறையில் பரிபாலனம் செய்யக்கூடிய தனது நாட்டு மன்னனுக்கு அந்த நீரை கொடுத்தால் அவர் மிகவும் மகிழ்ச்சியடைவார் என்று கருதி, தன்னுடைய தோல் பையில் அந்த நீரை கொஞ்சம் நிரப்பிக் கொண்டான்.
நான்கு நாட்கள் பயண முடிவில் தன்னுடைய ஊரைச் சென்றடைந்தவன்,அரண்மனைக்கு சென்று அரசனிடம் அந்த நீரின் அருமை பெருமைகளை கூறி, உலகிலேயே இது போல சுவையான நீர் இருக்கமுடியாது என்று கூறி, அதை அவருக்கு அளித்தான்.
மன்னன் சிறிதும் தாமதிக்காமல் மொத்த நீரையும் குடிக்க ஆரம்பித்தான்.
இதை அருகே அமர்ந்து கவனித்துக்கொண்டிருந்த பட்டத்து ராணி, “எனக்கும் கொஞ்சம் அந்த நீரை கொடுங்களேன்.
எனக்கும் அதை குடிக்க ஆசையாக இருக்கிறது” என்று கூற, அவள் கூறியதை காதில் வாங்கிக்கொள்ளாமல் மொத்த நீரையும் குடித்து முடித்துவிட்டான் மன்னன்.
“பிரமாதம்… உண்மையில் இதுபோல ஒரு சுவையான ஒரு நீரை நான் இது வரை என் வாழ்க்கையில் அருந்தி யதேயில்லை. உனக்கு எவ்வளவு நன்றி சொன்னாலும் தகும். நீ நீடூழி வாழ்க!” என்று வாழ்த்தி பரிசுகள் வழங்கி அனுப்புகிறார்.
இளைஞன் தனது மன்னனுக்கு அந்த அதிசய நீரை கொடுத்த சந்தோஷத்தில் விடைபெற்று சென்றான்.
அவன் சென்ற பிறகு,
ராணி“இருந்தாலும் உங்களுக்கு இத்தனை சுயநலம் ஆகாது. அந்த நீரை எனக்கும் கொஞ்சம் கொடுத்தால் என்ன குறைந்தா போய்விடுவீர்கள்? என்றாள்
“இல்லை ராணி … நான் மொத்த நீரையும் குடிக்கவில்லை. அதில் கொஞ்சம் நீர் இன்னும் இருக்கிறது. வேண்டுமானால் நீ கொஞ்சம் குடித்துப் பாரேன்”
அரசன் சொல்ல,ஆர்வமுடன் எடுத்து குடிப்பவள், ஒரு வாய் குடித்ததும்…. “சே… சே… என்ன தண்ணீர் என்ன இப்படி நாற்றமடிக்கிறது?” என்று கூறி அந்த நீரை உடனடியாக துப்பி விடுகிறாள்.
“தேவி… நீ நீரை தான் சுவைத்தாய். ஆனால் நான் அவன் என் மீது வைத்திருந்த அன்பை சுவைத்தேன்.
பாலைவனத்தில் தாகமெடுத்து அலைந்து திரிந்த அவனுக்கு ஒரு சாதாரண சுனை நீரே தேவாமிர்தம் போல இருந்திருக்கிறது. அதை மன்னனாகிய எனக்கு கொடுக்கவேண்டும் என்று கருதி தனது தோல் பையில் நிரப்பி கொண்டுவந்தான். எனவே தோலின் வாடையும் நீரில் ஏறிவிட்டது. நீரின் சுவை முற்றிலும் மாறிவிட்டது.
அவன் இருக்கும்போது நீரை உனக்கு கொடுத்திருந்தால் நீ இப்போது செய்ததைப் போலவே அவன் முன்பு செய்திருப்பாய். அவன் மனம்வேதனைப் பட்டிருக்கும். அன்பைவிட இவ்வுலகில் சுவையானது வேறு எதுவும் இல்லை
நம்மில் பெரும்பாலானோர் பொருளின் மதிப்பைத் தான் எடைபோடுகிறோமே தவிர அதனுள் பொதிந்திருக்கும் அன்பை அல்ல. அப்படி செய்வது, உள்ளிருக்கும் முத்தை அறியாமல் சிப்பியை ஒதுக்குவது போன்று. நீங்கள் வாழ்க்கையில் அது போன்று எத்தனை முத்துக்களை தவறவிட்டிருக்கிறீர்கள் தெரியுமா? இனியாவது விழித்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள்!
மனித உணர்வுகளை
நாம் மதிக்க கற்றுக் கொள்ளவேண்டும் . நம் குழந்தைகளுக்கும் அவற்றை கற்றுத் தரவேண்டும்.
இதயப்பூர்வமாக தருப்படும் பரிசு இதயங்களின் பரிசேயல்லாமல் வேறு ஒன்றுமில்லை.
இன்றைய காதலுக்கும் இது மிகவும் பொருந்தும்….

அன்பை உணராதவர்கள் இக்குட்டிக்கதையை வாசித்து சாகட்டும்!