8. கந்தன்: கந்து யானை கட்டும் தறி. கந்தன் ஆன்மாக்களுக்குப் பற்றுக் கோடாய் இருப்பவன். பகைவர் வலிமையை அழிப்பவன் ஸ்கந்தன். தோள் வலிமை மிக்கவன். ஆறு திருமேனியும் ஒன்றானவன்.
9. கடம்பன்: கடம்ப மலர் மாலை அணிந்தவன்.
10. சரவணபவன்: சரம் நாணல், வனம் காடு, பவன் தோன்றியவன், நாணல் மிக்க தண்ணீர் உடைய காட்டில் தோன்றியவன்.
11. ஸ்வாமி: ஸ்வம் சொத்து, எல்லா உலகங்களையும், எல்லா உயிர்களையும் சொத்தாக உடையவன். சுவாமி என்ற பெயர் முருகனுக்கு மட்டுமே உரியது. சுவாமி உள்ள மலை சுவாமி மலை.
17. வேலவன், வேலன்: வெல்லும் வேல் உடையவன், அறிவாக, ஞான வடிவாக விளங்கும் வேல், கூர்மை, அகலம், ஆழம் என்னும் மூன்றும் உடையது.
18. முத்தையன்: பிறப்பிலேயே முத்து ஒளியுடையது. மற்ற மணிகள் பட்டை தீட்டினால் தான் ஒளிரும். எனவே இயல்பாகவே ஒளிர்பவன் முத்தையன்.
19. சோமாஸ்கந்தன்: ச உமா ஸ்கந்தன்: சிவன் உமை முருகன்; சத்து சிவம், சித்து உமை, ஆனந்தம் கந்தன், முருகன் ஆனந்த வடிவானவன்.
20. சுப்பிரமணியன்: சு மேலான பிரம்மம் பெரிய பொருளிலிருந்து, நியம் தோன்றி ஒளிர்வது. மேலான பெரிய பிரம்மத்தில் இருந்து தோன்றி ஒளிர்பவன்.
21. வள்ளற்பெருமான்: முருகன், மண்ணுலகில் அவதரித்த வள்ளி இச்சா சக்தி மூலம் இக நலன்களையும், விண்ணுலக மங்கை தெய்வானை கிரியா சக்தி மூலம் பரலோக நலன்களையும், வேலின் மூலம் ஞானசக்தியையும் ஆகிய மும்மை நலன்களையும், முக்தி நலன்களையும் வழங்குகிறார்கள்.
23. மயில்வாகனன்: மயில் ஆணவம், யானை கன்மம், ஆடு மாயை இந்த மூன்றையும் அடக்கி வாகனமாய் கொண்டவன்.
24. தமிழ் என்றால் முருகன். முருகன் என்றால் தமிழ். இரண்டையும் பிரிக்க முடியாத அளவிற்கு இணைந்தே இருக்கும். உதாரணமாக 12 உயிரெழுத்து என்பது முருகனின் 12 தோள்களை குறிக்கும். 18 மெய்யெழுத்து என்பது முருகனின் 18 கண்கள் (முருகன் சிவனது நெற்றிப் பொறியிலிருந்து தோன்றியவர் என்பதால், இவரது ஒவ்வொரு முகத்திலும் இவருக்கும் நெற்றிக்கண் உண்டு) 6 இன எழுத்து என்பது 6 முகங்களை குறிக்கும். ஃ என்ற ஆயுத எழுத்து வேலை குறிக்கும். இந்த வேலை வணங்குவதையே வேலையாக கொண்டால் வாழ்வில் சகல சவுபாக்கியங்களும் கிடைக்கும்.
1. *தொடர்ச்சியாக இரண்டு முறை யாரையும் Phoneல் அழைக்காதீர்கள்*. அவர்கள் முக்கிய வேலையாக இருக்கலாம், அல்லது பேச முடியாத சூழ்நிலையில் இருக்கலாம்.
2. *திருப்பித் தருகிறேன் என்று உங்களிடம் பணம் கடனாக கேட்பவரிடம் மனப்பூர்வமாக கேட்டுக்கொடுங்கள்*. இது திரும்ப வருமா, வராதா என. இது உங்கள் Character ரை அவர் உணரச் செய்யும். இதே போல், இரவல் கொடுக்கும் பேனா, புத்தகம், Lunch box, குடை போன்றவைக்கும்.
3. *Hotelல் சாப்பிடலாம் என நண்பர் உட்பட யார் அழைத்தாலும், Menu cardல் costly யாக உள்ள எதையும் Order செய்யாதீர்கள்.* அழைத்தவரையே உங்கள் விருப்பப்படி Order சொல்லுங்கள் என வேண்டலாம்.
4. தர்மசங்கடமான இது போன்ற கேள்விகளை தவிர்க்கலாம்.
*இன்னும் கல்யாணம் ஆகலயா?*
*குழந்தைகள் இல்லையா?*
*இன்னும் சொந்தவீடு வாங்கவில்லையா?*
*ஏன் இன்னும் Car வாங்கவில்லை?*
இது நமது பிரச்சினை இல்லைதானே!"
5. *தானியங்கி கதவை திறக்க நேர்ந்தால் பின்னால் வருபவர் ஆணோ, பெண்ணோ, சிறியவரோ, பெரியவரோ அவர்கள் வரும்வரை மூடாமல் பிடித்திருப்பது* அவர்களை சமூகத்தில் பொறுப்புள்ளவர்களாக மாறச்செய்யும்!
6. நண்பருடன் Taxiயில் சென்றால. *இம்முறை இயலாவிட்டால் மறுமுறை* நீங்கள் காசு கொடுத்துவிடுங்கள்.
7. *மற்றவர்களின் கருத்துக்கு மதிப்பளியுங்கள்*. மோசமாக இருந்தாலும், Choiceல் வைத்திருக்கலாம்.
8. *அடுத்தவர்கள் பேசும்போது இடைமறிக்காதீர்கள்*. அவர்கள் கொட்டட்டும். இறுதியில் அவர்களுக்கே நல்லது தெரிந்துவிடும்.
9. *நீங்கள் கிண்டலடிப்பதை சம்பந்தப்பட்டவர் ரசிக்கவில்லை என்றால், மீண்டும் அதைச் செய்துவிடாதீர்கள்*. அவரை உற்சாகப்படுத்துங்கள். உங்கள் மதிப்பை அது மேம்படுத்தும்.
10. யார் உதவினாலும் பாரபட்சமின்றி *நன்றி சொல்லுங்கள்*.
11. பொதுவில் புகழுங்கள். *தனியாக இருக்கையில் குறைகளை சுட்டிக்காட்டலாம்*.
12. *உடல்பருமனை ஒருபோதும் கிண்டலடிக்காதீர்கள்.*
"நீங்கள் பார்க்க Smartடாக, Cuteடாக இருக்கீங்க" என்று கூறுங்கள். உடல் எடை குறைக்க அவராக கேட்டால் ஒழிய நாம் அறிவுரை வழங்கக் கூடாது.
13. *யாராவது அவர்கள் Photoவைக் காட்ட Phoneனைக் கொடுத்தால் Galleryயில் இடது வலதாக தள்ளிப் பார்க்காதீர்கள்*. அடுத்து என்ன இருக்கும் என்று உங்களுக்குத் தெரியாது.
14. *யாரும் தனக்கு Doctor Appointment இருக்கிறது, போகவேண்டும் என்றால், உடனே என்ன நோய்க்கு என்று கேட்டுவிடாதீர்கள்*. அவர்களின் தனிப்பட்ட நோய்கள் பற்றி மற்றவர்களுக்கு தெரியக்கூடாது என்று கருதலாம். *விரைவில் நலமடைவீர்கள் என்று நம்புகிறேன்* என்று கூறலாம்.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, occurs when your blood pressure increases to unhealthy levels. Your blood pressure measurement takes into account how much blood is passing through your blood vessels and the amount of resistance the blood meets while the heart is pumping.
Source: CDC
Narrow arteries increase resistance. The narrower your arteries are, the higher your blood pressure will be. Over the long term, the increased pressure can cause health issues, including heart disease.
Blood pressure is determined both by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your heart pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher your blood pressure.
You can have high blood pressure (hypertension) for years without any symptoms. Even without symptoms, damage to blood vessels and your heart continues and can be detected. Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases your risk of serious health problems, including heart attack and stroke.
High blood pressure generally develops over many years, and it affects nearly everyone eventually. Fortunately, high blood pressure can be easily detected. And once you know you have high blood pressure, you can work with your doctor to control it.
Symptoms
Most people with high blood pressure have no signs or symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels.
A few people with high blood pressure may have headaches, shortness of breath or nosebleeds, but these signs and symptoms aren't specific and usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or life-threatening stage.
How is blood pressure measured?
Blood pressure is measured by a blood pressure cuff (sphygmomanometer).
The blood pressure cuff consists of an air pump, a pressure gauge, and a rubber cuff. The instrument measures the blood pressure in units called millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
The cuff is placed around the upper arm and inflated with an air pump to a pressure that blocks the flow of blood in the main artery that travels through the arm. The arm is held at the side of the body at the level of the heart, and the pressure of the cuff is gradually released. As the pressure decreases, a health practitioner listens with a stethoscope over the artery at the front of the elbow or an electronic machine senses the pulsation. The pressure at which the practitioner (or machine) first hears a pulsation from the artery is the systolic pressure (the top number). As the cuff pressure decreases further, the pressure at which the pulsation finally stops is the diastolic pressure (the bottom number).
When to see a doctor
You'll likely have your blood pressure taken as part of a routine doctor's appointment.
Ask your doctor for a blood pressure reading at least every two years starting at age 18. If you're age 40 or older, or you're 18 to 39 with a high risk of high blood pressure, ask your doctor for a blood pressure reading every year.
Blood pressure generally should be checked in both arms to determine if there's a difference. It's important to use an appropriate-sized arm cuff.
Your doctor will likely recommend more frequent readings if you've already been diagnosed with high blood pressure or have other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Children age 3 and older will usually have blood pressure measured as a part of their yearly checkups.
If you don't regularly see your doctor, you may be able to get a free blood pressure screening at a health resource fair or other locations in your community. You can also find machines in some stores that will measure your blood pressure for free.
Public blood pressure machines, such as those found in pharmacies, may provide helpful information about your blood pressure, but they may have some limitations. The accuracy of these machines depends on several factors, such as a correct cuff size and proper use of the machines. Ask your doctor for advice on using public blood pressure machines.
Causes
There are two types of high blood pressure.
Primary (essential) hypertension
For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high blood pressure. This type of high blood pressure, called primary (essential) hypertension, tends to develop gradually over many years.
Secondary hypertension
Some people have high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition. This type of high blood pressure, called secondary hypertension, tends to appear suddenly and cause higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension. Various conditions and medications can lead to secondary hypertension, including:
Obstructive sleep apnea
Kidney problems
Adrenal gland tumors
Thyroid problems
Certain defects you're born with (congenital) in blood vessels
Certain medications, such as birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants, over-the-counter pain relievers and some prescription drugs
Illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines
It's not always clear what causes high blood pressure, but certain things can increase your risk.
You're at an increased risk of high blood pressure if you:
are over the age of 65
are overweight
are of African or Caribbean descent
have a relative with high blood pressure
eat too much salt and do not eat enough fruit and vegetables
do not do enough exercise
drink too much alcohol or coffee (or other caffeine-based drinks)
smoke
do not get much sleep or have disturbed sleep
Making healthy lifestyle changes can help reduce your chances of getting high blood pressure and help lower your blood pressure if it's already high.
Complications
The excessive pressure on your artery walls caused by high blood pressure can damage your blood vessels, as well as organs in your body. The higher your blood pressure and the longer it goes uncontrolled, the greater the damage.
Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to complications including:
Heart attack or stroke. High blood pressure can cause hardening and thickening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), which can lead to a heart attack, stroke or other complications.
Aneurysm. Increased blood pressure can cause your blood vessels to weaken and bulge, forming an aneurysm. If an aneurysm ruptures, it can be life-threatening.
Heart failure. To pump blood against the higher pressure in your vessels, the heart has to work harder. This causes the walls of the heart's pumping chamber to thicken (left ventricular hypertrophy). Eventually, the thickened muscle may have a hard time pumping enough blood to meet your body's needs, which can lead to heart failure.
Weakened and narrowed blood vessels in your kidneys. This can prevent these organs from functioning normally.
Thickened, narrowed or torn blood vessels in the eyes. This can result in vision loss.
Metabolic syndrome. This syndrome is a cluster of disorders of your body's metabolism, including increased waist circumference; high triglycerides; low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the "good" cholesterol; high blood pressure and high insulin levels. These conditions make you more likely to develop diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
The trouble with memory or understanding. Uncontrolled high blood pressure may also affect your ability to think, remember and learn. The trouble with memory or understanding concepts is more common in people with high blood pressure.
Dementia. Narrowed or blocked arteries can limit blood flow to the brain, leading to a certain type of dementia (vascular dementia). A stroke that interrupts blood flow to the brain also can cause vascular dementia.
Treatment for high blood pressure
Doctors can help you keep your blood pressure to a safe level using:
lifestyle changes
medicines
What works best is different for each person.
Talk to your doctor to help you decide about treatment.
Although high blood pressure is most common in adults, children may be at risk, too. For some children, high blood pressure is caused by problems with the kidneys or heart. But for a growing number of kids, poor lifestyle habits, such as an unhealthy diet, obesity and lack of exercise, contribute to high blood pressure.
Dozens of different medications can help treat high blood
pressure. These drugs are called antihypertensives. They’re divided into many
different categories, each of which works differently and causes different side
effects.
With so many options available, finding the best one for you
may take some time and patience. Your doctor will work with you to find the
best treatment plan for you, which may include one or more medications.
Diuretics
Diuretics are some of the most commonly used drugs for
treating high blood pressure. They help the kidneys get rid of excess water and
sodium, or salt. This reduces the volume of blood that needs to pass through
your blood vessels, which lowers your blood pressure.
There are three major types of diuretics: thiazide,
potassium-sparing, and loop diuretics. Thiazide diuretics generally have fewer
side effects than the others. This is especially true when they’re prescribed
in the low doses that are generally used in treating early high blood pressure.
Beta-blockers work by blocking the actions of chemicals in
your body that stimulate your heart. This allows your heart to beat with less
speed and force. Your heart pumps less blood through the blood vessels with
each beat, so blood pressure decreases.
Examples of these drugs include:
acebutolol (Sectral)
atenolol (Tenormin)
betaxolol (Kerlone)
bisoprolol (Zebeta)
bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide (Ziac)
metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor)
metoprolol succinate (Toprol-XL)
nadolol (Corgard)
pindolol (Visken)
propranolol (Inderal)
solotol (Betapace)
timolol (Blocadren)
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
ACE inhibitors keep the body from making a hormone called
angiotensin II, which causes blood vessels to narrow. These medications lower
blood pressure by helping constricted blood vessels expand to let more blood
through.
Examples of ACE inhibitors include:
benazepril (Lotensin)
captopril (Capoten)
enalapril (Vasotec)
fosinopril (Monopril)
lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
moexipril (Univasc)
perindopril (Aceon)
quinapril (Accupril)
ramipril (Altace)
trandolapril (Mavik)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
This class of drugs also protects the blood vessels from
angiotensin II. In order to tighten blood vessels, angiotensin II must bind
with a receptor site. ARBs prevent that from happening. As a result, blood
pressure is lowered.
Examples of ARBs include:
candesartan (Atacand)
eprosartan (Teveten)
irbesartan (Avapro)
losartan (Cozaar)
telmisartan (Micardis)
valsartan (Diovan)
Calcium channel blockers
To move, all muscles need calcium to flow in and out of the
muscle cells. Calcium channel blockers help block calcium from entering the
smooth muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels.
This makes the heartbeat with less force and helps blood
vessels relax. As a result, blood pressure decreases.
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Alpha-blockers
In certain situations, your body makes hormones called
catecholamines. These hormones can bind to parts of cells called
alpha-receptors. When this occurs, your blood vessels narrow and your heart
beats faster and with more force. These actions cause your blood pressure to
rise.
Alpha-blockers work by blocking catecholamines from binding
to alpha-receptors. As a result, blood can flow through the blood vessels more
freely, and your heart beats normally. This helps lower your blood pressure.
Examples of alpha-blockers include:
doxazosin (Cardura)
prazosin (Minipress)
terazosin (Hytrin)
Alpha-beta-blockers
Alpha-beta-blockers have a combined effect. They block the
binding of catecholamine hormones to both alpha- and beta-receptors. Therefore,
they can decrease the constriction of blood vessels like alpha-blockers do.
They also slow down the rate and force of the heartbeat-like beta-blockers do.
Examples of alpha-beta-blockers include:
carvedilol (Coreg)
labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate)
Central agonists
These medications keep the brain from sending messages to
the nervous system telling it to release catecholamines. As a result, the heart
doesn’t pump as hard and blood flows more easily, lowering blood pressure.
Examples of central agonists include:
methyldopa (Aldomet)
clonidine (Catapres)
guanfacine (Tenex)
Vasodilators
Vasodilators relax the muscles in the walls of blood
vessels, especially in small arteries called arterioles. This widens the blood
vessels and allows blood to flow through them more easily. As a result, blood
pressure falls.
Examples of vasodilators include:
hydralazine (Apresoline)
minoxidil (Loniten)
Aldosterone receptor antagonists
Aldosterone receptor antagonists work by blocking a chemical
called aldosterone. This action reduces the amount of fluids your body retains,
which helps lower your blood pressure.
Examples of aldosterone receptor antagonists include:
eplerenone (Inspra)
spironolactone (Aldactone)
Direct renin inhibitors
A newer type of blood pressure medication is called direct
renin inhibitors (DRIs). These drugs block a chemical in your body called
renin. This action helps widen your blood vessels, which lowers your blood
pressure.
The only type of DRI that is currently available in The United States is:
aliskiren (Tekturna)
High blood pressure drug treatment plans
For most people, the first-choice medication for high blood
pressure is a thiazide diuretic. For other people, a diuretic alone is not
enough to control blood pressure. In these cases, a diuretic may be combined
with a beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, angiotensin II receptor blocker, or calcium
channel blocker. Adding a second medication may lower your blood pressure more
quickly than using a diuretic alone. Also, it allows you to take less of each
medication, which may reduce side effects.
Combination drugs
If your doctor thinks you need more than one drug to manage
your blood pressure, they may prescribe a combination medication. For instance,
they may prescribe a beta-blocker with a diuretic, or an ARB with a calcium
channel blocker.
Using these combination medications may be more convenient
than taking several different drugs each day.
Many combination medications to treat high blood pressure
are available. Examples include:
triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide) — triamterene and
hydrochlorothiazide are both diuretics
valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (Diovan HCT) — valsartan is an
ARB and hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic
Treating for multiple conditions
The type of blood pressure medication your doctor prescribes
may depend on what other health problems you have. For example, if you have
coronary artery disease (CAD) and high blood pressure, your doctor may
prescribe a beta-blocker. If you have had a myocardial infarction due to CAD, a
beta-blocker can lower your blood pressure and decrease your overall risk of
death.
If you have diabetes, your doctor may choose an ACE
inhibitor or an ARB. That’s because these drugs can help protect the kidneys
from diabetic damage by lowering the blood pressure in your kidneys.
Talk with your doctor
High blood pressure is a serious condition that requires
treatment to prevent more severe health problems.
Don’t worry if you’re confused by all of your medication
options. Your doctor can tell you which drugs might work best for you.
Together, you can put together a treatment plan to get your blood pressure
under control.
Some questions to ask your doctor include:
Do I need medication to control my blood pressure?
Am I at high risk of certain side effects from blood pressure medication?
Am I taking any other drugs that might interact with my blood pressure medication?
Would a combination of blood pressure medication be a good option for me?
Do you recommend improved diet and exercise as a way to
lower my blood pressure?