SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY  |
The massive refractive index of the new material could also revolutionise flat screens and solar cell technology.
Image: minifilm/Shutterstock
The Swinburne University of Technology researchers have shown new material's potential for transforming secure optical information storage.
In their latest research paper published in Scientific Reports, researchers Xiangping Li, Qiming Zhang, Xi Chen and Professor Min Gu demonstrated the potential to record holographic coding in a graphene-oxide polymer composite.
"Conventionally, information is recorded as binary data in a disc. If the disc is broken, the information cannot be retrieved," Director of the Centre for Micro-Photonics at Swinburne, Professor Min Gu said.
"This is a high operation cost in big data centres, which consist of thousands of disc arrays with multiple physical duplicates of data. The new material allows super-disc development, enabling information to be retrieved - even from broken pieces."
Graphene oxide is similar to graphene, discovered by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, who received the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics for this groundbreaking discovery. Graphene is strong, light, flexible, and nearly transparent and an excellent conductor of heat and electricity.
Graphene oxide has similar properties but a fundamental fluorescent property that can be used in bioimaging and for multimode optical recording.
By focusing an ultrashort laser beam onto the graphene oxide polymer, the researchers created a 10-100 times increase in the refractive index of the graphene oxide and a decrease in its fluorescence. (The refractive index measures the bending of light as it passes through a medium.)
"The unique feature of the giant refractive-index modulation together with the fluorescent property of the graphene oxide polymer offers a new mechanism for multimode optical recording," Professor Gu said.
To demonstrate the feasibility of the mechanism, the researchers encoded the image of a kangaroo in a computer-generated hologram. The hologram was then rendered as a three-dimensional recording of the graphene oxide polymer. The encrypted patterns in the hologram could not be seen as a normal microscope image but could be retrieved in the diffracted mode.
"The giant refractive index of this material shows promise for merging data storage with holography for security coding," Professor Gu said.
"This exciting feature not only boosts the level of storage security but also helps to reduce the operation costs of big data centres that rely on multiple physical duplicates to avoid data loss."
The researchers say it could also revolutionise flat-screen TV and solar cell technology.
"More importantly, graphene has been deemed as a revolutionary replacement for silicon, which is the platform for current information technologies based on electronics," Dr Xiangping Li said.
"The giant refractive index we discovered shows the promise of graphene to merge electronics and photonics for the platform of the next generation information technologies."
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Tuesday, October 15, 2013
New material for safe optical information storage
Hope for more targeted drugs
| MONASH UNIVERSITY |
[caption text here]
Image: Lightspring/Shutterstock
New research has paved the way for drugs that are more effective and have fewer side effects.
Scientists have combined cutting edge computer modelling with pharmacology and medicinal chemistry to reveal new insights into how the body interacts with novel drug treatments, in research that could lead to the creation of drugs that are more targeted and with fewer side effects.
In a paper published in Nature, researchers from the Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS) were part of an international team who investigated alternative drug recognition sites on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) - the largest and most important family of receptor proteins in the human body.
GPCRs play a role in virtually every biological process and most diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes, inflammation and cancer. Almost half of all current medications available use GPCRs to achieve their therapeutic effect.
The new research into how GPCRs work at the molecular level has unlocked vital insights into how drugs interact with this therapeutically relevant receptor family.
Professor Arthur Christopoulos from MIPS said it was hoped the research would lead to the creation of drugs that are more targeted, and with fewer side effects.
“This study has cracked the secret of how a new class of drug molecule, which we have been studying for some time now, actually binds to a GPCR and changes the protein’s structure to achieve its unique molecular effect,” Professor Christopoulos said.
“This research can explain the behaviour of such drugs at the molecular level and facilitate structure-based design for new and more potent drugs.”
By starting with a known crystal structure of a GPCR as a template, the team used computer simulations to map how different drugs and the receptor can “find” each other, and how they change their shape and orientation as they interact. Importantly, the predictions made by the computer simulations were validated by new biological experiments and by the rational design of a more potent molecule that targets the GPCR.
The research was conducted by the teams of Professors Arthur Christopoulos and Patrick Sexton, who lead the Drug Discovery Biology (DDB) program at MIPS, Professor Jonathan Baell, from the Medicinal Chemistry program at MIPS, and their collaborators from D. E. Shaw Research and Columbia University, New York.
Editor's Note: Original news release can be found here.
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ANCIENT FLYING MACHINES
ANCIENT FLYING MACHINES
There are reference to flying machines in the temple carvings and in the ancient writings.
The images found on the ceiling beams of a 3000-year old New Kingdom Temple, located several hundred miles south of Cairo and the Giza Plateau, at Abydosresembles modern day Aircrafts.
There are reference to flying machines in the temple carvings and in the ancient writings.
The images found on the ceiling beams of a 3000-year old New Kingdom Temple, located several hundred miles south of Cairo and the Giza Plateau, at Abydosresembles modern day Aircrafts.
Reference to ancient Indian flying vehicles comes from ancient Indian sources, many are the well known ancient Indian Epics, and there are literally hundreds of them. Most of them have not even been translated into English yet from the old sanskrit.
It is claimed that a few years ago, the Chinese discovered some sanskrit documents in Lhasa, Tibet and sent them to the University of Chandrigarh to be translated.Dr. Ruth Reyna of the University said recently that the documents contain directions for building interstellar spaceships!
Their method of propulsion, she said, was "anti-gravitational" and was based upon a system analogous to that of "laghima," the unknown power of the ego existing in man’s physiological makeup, "a centrifugal force strong enough to counteract all gravitational pull."
According to Hindu Yogis, it is this "laghima" which enables a person to levitate. Dr. Reyna said that on board these machines, which were called "Astras" by the text, the ancient Indians could have sent a detachment of men onto any planet, according to the document, which is thought to be thousands of years old. The manuscripts were also said to reveal the secret of "antima", "the cap of invisibility" and "garima", "how to become as heavy as a mountain of lead."
It is claimed that a few years ago, the Chinese discovered some sanskrit documents in Lhasa, Tibet and sent them to the University of Chandrigarh to be translated.Dr. Ruth Reyna of the University said recently that the documents contain directions for building interstellar spaceships!
Their method of propulsion, she said, was "anti-gravitational" and was based upon a system analogous to that of "laghima," the unknown power of the ego existing in man’s physiological makeup, "a centrifugal force strong enough to counteract all gravitational pull."
According to Hindu Yogis, it is this "laghima" which enables a person to levitate. Dr. Reyna said that on board these machines, which were called "Astras" by the text, the ancient Indians could have sent a detachment of men onto any planet, according to the document, which is thought to be thousands of years old. The manuscripts were also said to reveal the secret of "antima", "the cap of invisibility" and "garima", "how to become as heavy as a mountain of lead."
19th Century Flying references
Shivkar Bapuji Talpade born in 1864, was a Sanskrit scholar. His birth place is Chirabazar at Dukkarwadi in Bombay. From his young age was attracted by theVaimanika Shastra (Aeronautical Science) expounded by the great Indian sage Maharishi Bhardwaja.
One western scholar of Indology Stephen-Knapp has tried to explain what Talpade did. According to Knapp, the Vaimanika Shastra describes in detail, the construction of what is called, the mercury vortex engine the forerunner of the ion engines being made today.
Shivkur Bapuji Talpade’s unmanned aircraft flew to a height of 1500 feet before crashing down and the historian, Knapp adds that additional information on themercury engines can be found in the ancient Vedic text called Samaranga Sutradhara. This text also devotes 230 verses, to the use of these machines in peace and war.
The Indologist William Clarendon, who has written down a detailed description of the mercury vortex engine in his translation of Samaranga Sutradhara quotes thus,
Shivkur Bapuji Talpade’s unmanned aircraft flew to a height of 1500 feet before crashing down and the historian, Knapp adds that additional information on themercury engines can be found in the ancient Vedic text called Samaranga Sutradhara. This text also devotes 230 verses, to the use of these machines in peace and war.
The Indologist William Clarendon, who has written down a detailed description of the mercury vortex engine in his translation of Samaranga Sutradhara quotes thus,
‘Inside the circular air frame, place the mercury-engine with its solar mercury boiler at the aircraft center. By means of the power latent in the heated mercury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in a most marvelous manner.
Four strong mercury containers must be built into the interior structure. When these have been heated by fire through solar or other sources the vimana (aircraft) develops thunder-power through the mercury. It is also added that this success of an Indian scientist was not liked by the Imperial rulers.
Warned by the British Government the Maharaja of Baroda stopped helping Talpade. His efforts to make known the greatness of Vedic Shastras was recognized by Indian scholars, who gave him the title of Vidya Prakash Pra-deep.
Anti-Gravity Studies
The Indian Emperor Ashoka started a "Secret Society of the Nine Unknown Men": great Indian scientists who were supposed to catalogue the many sciences.Ashoka kept their work secret because he was afraid that the advanced science catalogued by these men, culled from ancient Indian sources, would be used for the evil purpose of war, which Ashoka was strongly against, having been converted to Buddhism after defeating a rival army in a bloody battle. The "Nine Unknown Men" wrote a total of nine books, presumably one each.
Book number was "The Secrets of Gravitation!" This book, known to historians, but not actually seen by them dealt chiefly with "gravity control." It is presumably still around somewhere, kept in a secret library in India, Tibet or elsewhere (perhaps even in North America somewhere). One can certainly understand Ashoka’s reasoning for wanting to keep such knowledge a secret, assuming it exists. Ashoka was also aware devastating wars using such advanced vehicles and other "futuristic weapons" that had destroyed the ancient Indian "Rama Empire" several thousand years before.
According to ancient Indian texts, the people had flying machines which were called "Vimanas." The ancient Indian epic describes a Vimana as a double-deck, circular aircraft with portholes and a dome, much as we would imagine a flying saucer. It flew with the "speed of the wind" and gave forth a "melodious sound." There were at least four different types of Vimanas; some saucer shaped, others like long cylinders ("cigar shaped airships").
In 1875, the Vaimanika Shastra, a fourth century B.C. text written by Bharadvajy the Wise, using even older texts as his source, was rediscovered in a temple in India. It dealt with the operation of Vimanas and included information on the steering, precautions for long flights, protection of the airships from storms and lightening and how to switch the drive to "solar energy" from a free energy source which sounds like "anti-gravity."
The Vaimanika Shastra (or Vymaanika-Shaastra) has eight chapters with diagrams, describing three types of aircraft, including apparatuses that could neither catch on fire nor break. It also mentions 31 essential parts of these vehicles and 16 materials from which they are constructed, which absorb light and heat; for which reason they were considered suitable for
the construction of Vimanas.
Vimanas were kept in a Vimana Griha, a kind of hanger, and were sometimes said to be propelled by a yellowish-white liquid, and sometimes by some sort of mercury compound, though writers seem confused in this matter. It is most likely that the later writers on Vimanas, wrote as observers and from earlier texts, and were understandably confused on the principle of their propulsion. The "yellowishwhite liquid" sounds suspiciously like gasoline, and perhaps Vimanas had a number of different propulsion sources, including combustion engines and even "pulse-jet" engines.
It is interesting to note that when Alexander the Great invaded India more than two thousand years ago, his historians chronicled that at one point they were attacked by "flying, fiery shields" that dove at his army and frightened the cavalry. These "flying saucers" did not use any atomic bombs or beam weapons on Alexander’s army however, perhaps out of benevolence, and Alexander went on to conquer India.
It is interesting to note, that the Nazis developed the first practical pulse-jet engines for their V-8 rocket "buzz bombs." Hitlerand the Nazi staff were exceptionally interested in ancient India and Tibet and sent expeditions to both these places yearly, starting in the 30’s, in order to gather esoteric evidence that they did so, and perhaps it was from these people that the Nazis gained some of their scientific information! According to the Dronaparva, part of the Mahabarata, and the Ramayana, oneVimana described was shaped like a sphere and born along at great speed on a mighty wind generated by mercury.
It moved like a UFO, going up, down, backwards and forwards as the pilot desired. In another Indian source, the Samar, Vimanas were,
Anti-Gravity Studies
The Indian Emperor Ashoka started a "Secret Society of the Nine Unknown Men": great Indian scientists who were supposed to catalogue the many sciences.Ashoka kept their work secret because he was afraid that the advanced science catalogued by these men, culled from ancient Indian sources, would be used for the evil purpose of war, which Ashoka was strongly against, having been converted to Buddhism after defeating a rival army in a bloody battle. The "Nine Unknown Men" wrote a total of nine books, presumably one each.
Book number was "The Secrets of Gravitation!" This book, known to historians, but not actually seen by them dealt chiefly with "gravity control." It is presumably still around somewhere, kept in a secret library in India, Tibet or elsewhere (perhaps even in North America somewhere). One can certainly understand Ashoka’s reasoning for wanting to keep such knowledge a secret, assuming it exists. Ashoka was also aware devastating wars using such advanced vehicles and other "futuristic weapons" that had destroyed the ancient Indian "Rama Empire" several thousand years before.
According to ancient Indian texts, the people had flying machines which were called "Vimanas." The ancient Indian epic describes a Vimana as a double-deck, circular aircraft with portholes and a dome, much as we would imagine a flying saucer. It flew with the "speed of the wind" and gave forth a "melodious sound." There were at least four different types of Vimanas; some saucer shaped, others like long cylinders ("cigar shaped airships").
In 1875, the Vaimanika Shastra, a fourth century B.C. text written by Bharadvajy the Wise, using even older texts as his source, was rediscovered in a temple in India. It dealt with the operation of Vimanas and included information on the steering, precautions for long flights, protection of the airships from storms and lightening and how to switch the drive to "solar energy" from a free energy source which sounds like "anti-gravity."
The Vaimanika Shastra (or Vymaanika-Shaastra) has eight chapters with diagrams, describing three types of aircraft, including apparatuses that could neither catch on fire nor break. It also mentions 31 essential parts of these vehicles and 16 materials from which they are constructed, which absorb light and heat; for which reason they were considered suitable for
the construction of Vimanas.Vimanas were kept in a Vimana Griha, a kind of hanger, and were sometimes said to be propelled by a yellowish-white liquid, and sometimes by some sort of mercury compound, though writers seem confused in this matter. It is most likely that the later writers on Vimanas, wrote as observers and from earlier texts, and were understandably confused on the principle of their propulsion. The "yellowishwhite liquid" sounds suspiciously like gasoline, and perhaps Vimanas had a number of different propulsion sources, including combustion engines and even "pulse-jet" engines.
It is interesting to note that when Alexander the Great invaded India more than two thousand years ago, his historians chronicled that at one point they were attacked by "flying, fiery shields" that dove at his army and frightened the cavalry. These "flying saucers" did not use any atomic bombs or beam weapons on Alexander’s army however, perhaps out of benevolence, and Alexander went on to conquer India.
It is interesting to note, that the Nazis developed the first practical pulse-jet engines for their V-8 rocket "buzz bombs." Hitlerand the Nazi staff were exceptionally interested in ancient India and Tibet and sent expeditions to both these places yearly, starting in the 30’s, in order to gather esoteric evidence that they did so, and perhaps it was from these people that the Nazis gained some of their scientific information! According to the Dronaparva, part of the Mahabarata, and the Ramayana, oneVimana described was shaped like a sphere and born along at great speed on a mighty wind generated by mercury.
It moved like a UFO, going up, down, backwards and forwards as the pilot desired. In another Indian source, the Samar, Vimanas were,
"iron machines, well-knit and smooth, with a charge of mercury that shot out of the back in the form of a roaring flame."
Another work called the Samaranganasutradhara describes how the vehicles were constructed. It is possible that mercury did have something to do with the propulsion, or more possibly, with the guidance system. Curiously, Soviet scientists have discovered what they call "age-old instruments used in navigating cosmic vehicles" in caves in Turkestan and the Gobi Desert.
The "devices" are hemispherical objects of glass or porcelain, ending in a cone with a drop of mercury inside. It is evident that ancient Indians flew around in these vehicles, all over Asia, to Atlantis presumably; and even, apparently, to South America. Writings found at Mohenjodaro in Pakistan (presumed to be one of the "Seven Rishi Cities of the Rama Empire") and still undeciphered, has also been found in one other place in the world: Easter Island! Writing on Easter Island, calledRongo-Rongo writing, is also undeciphered, and is uncannily similar to the Mohenjodaro script.
In the Mahavira of Bhavabhuti, a Jain text of the eighth century culled from older texts and traditions, we read:
The "devices" are hemispherical objects of glass or porcelain, ending in a cone with a drop of mercury inside. It is evident that ancient Indians flew around in these vehicles, all over Asia, to Atlantis presumably; and even, apparently, to South America. Writings found at Mohenjodaro in Pakistan (presumed to be one of the "Seven Rishi Cities of the Rama Empire") and still undeciphered, has also been found in one other place in the world: Easter Island! Writing on Easter Island, calledRongo-Rongo writing, is also undeciphered, and is uncannily similar to the Mohenjodaro script.
In the Mahavira of Bhavabhuti, a Jain text of the eighth century culled from older texts and traditions, we read:"An aerial chariot, the Pushpaka, conveys many people to the capital of Ayodhya. The sky is full of stupendous flying-machines, dark as night, but picked out by lights with a yellowish glare"
The Vedas, ancient Hindu poems, thought to be the oldest of all the Indian texts, describe Vimanas of various shapes and sizes: the "ahnihotra-vimana" with two engines, the "elephant-vimana" with more engines, and other types named after the kingfisher, ibis and other animals.
Unfortunately, Vimanas, like most scientific discoveries, were ultimately used for war. Atlanteans used their flying machines, "Vailixi," a similar type of aircraft, to literally try and subjugate the world, it would seem, if Indian texts are to be believed. The Atlanteans, known as "Asvins" in the Indian writings, were apparently even more advanced technologically than the Indians, and certainly of a more war-like temperament.
Unfortunately, Vimanas, like most scientific discoveries, were ultimately used for war. Atlanteans used their flying machines, "Vailixi," a similar type of aircraft, to literally try and subjugate the world, it would seem, if Indian texts are to be believed. The Atlanteans, known as "Asvins" in the Indian writings, were apparently even more advanced technologically than the Indians, and certainly of a more war-like temperament.
Although no ancient texts on Atlantean Vailixi are known to exist, some information has come down through esoteric, "occult" sources which describe their flying machines. Similar, if not identical to Vimanas, Vailixiwere generally "cigar shaped" and had the capability of maneuvering underwater as well as in the atmosphere or even outer space. Other vehicles, like Vimanas, were saucer shaped, and could apparently also be submerged.
According to Eklal Kueshana, author of "The Ultimate Frontier," in an article he wrote in 1966, Vailixi were first developed in Atlantis 20,000 years ago, and the most common ones are,
According to Eklal Kueshana, author of "The Ultimate Frontier," in an article he wrote in 1966, Vailixi were first developed in Atlantis 20,000 years ago, and the most common ones are,
"saucershaped of generally trapezoidal cross-section with three hemispherical engine pods on the underside.""They use a mechanical antigravity device driven by engines developing approximately 80,000 horse power."
The Ramayana, Mahabarata and other texts speak of the hideous war that took place, some ten or twelve thousand years ago between Atlantis and Rama using weapons of destruction that could not be imagined by readers until the second half of this century. The ancient Mahabharata, one of the sources on Vimanas, goes on to tell the awesome destructiveness of the war:
"...(the weapon was) a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe."
"ANCIENT VIMANA AIRCRAFT" - a Contribution by John Burrows Sanskrit texts are filled with references to gods who fought battles in the sky using Vimanasequipped with weapons as deadly as any we can deploy in these more enlightened times. For example, there is a passage in the Ramayana which reads:
"The Puspaka car that resembles the Sun and belongs to my brother was brought by the powerful Ravan; that aerial and excellent car going everywhere at will .... that car resembling a bright cloud in the sky."".. and the King [Rama] got in, and the excellent car at the command of the Raghira, rose up into the higher atmosphere."
In the Mahabharatra, an ancient Indian poem of enormous length, we learn that an individual named Asura Maya had a Vimana measuring twelve cubits in circumference, with four strong wheels. The poem is a veritable gold mine of information relating to conflicts between gods who settled their differences apparently using weapons as lethal as the ones we are capable of deploying. Apart from ’blazing missiles’, the poem records the use of other deadly weapons. ’Indra’s Dart’ operated via a circular ’reflector’.
When switched on, it produced a ’shaft of light’ which, when focused on any target, immediately ’consumed it with its power’. In one particular exchange, the hero,Krishna, is pursuing his enemy, Salva, in the sky, when Salva’s Vimana, the Saubha is made invisible in some way. Undeterred, Krishna immediately fires off a special weapon:
’I quickly laid on an arrow, which killed by seeking out sound’.
Many other terrible weapons are described, quite matter of factly, in the Mahabharata, but the most fearsome of all is the one used against the Vrishis. The narrative records:
"Gurkha flying in his swift and powerful Vimana hurled against the three cities of the Vrishis and Andhakas a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe. An incandescent column of smoke and fire, as brilliant as ten thousands suns, rose in all its splendor. It was the unknown weapon, the Iron Thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death which reduced to ashes the entire race of the Vrishnis and Andhakas."
It is important to note, that these kinds of records are not isolated. They can be cross-correlated with similar reports in other ancient civilizations.
The after-affects of this Iron Thunderbolt have an ominously recognizable ring. Apparently, those killed by it were so burnt that their corpses were unidentifiable. The survivors fared little etter, as it caused their hair and nails to fall out. Perhaps the most disturbing and challenging, information about these allegedly mythical Vimanas in the ancient records is that there are some matter-of-fact records, describing how to build one. In their way, the instructions are quite precise. In the Sanskrit Samarangana Sutradhara, it is written:
The after-affects of this Iron Thunderbolt have an ominously recognizable ring. Apparently, those killed by it were so burnt that their corpses were unidentifiable. The survivors fared little etter, as it caused their hair and nails to fall out. Perhaps the most disturbing and challenging, information about these allegedly mythical Vimanas in the ancient records is that there are some matter-of-fact records, describing how to build one. In their way, the instructions are quite precise. In the Sanskrit Samarangana Sutradhara, it is written:
"Strong and durable must the body of the Vimana be made, like a great flying bird of light material. Inside one must put the mercury engine with its iron heating apparatus underneath. By means of the power latent in the mercury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion, a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky. The movements of the Vimana are such that it can vertically ascend, vertically descend, move slanting forwards and backwards. With the help of the machines human beings can fly in the air and heavenly beings can come down to earth."
The Hakatha (Laws of the Babylonians) states quite unambiguously:
"The privilege of operating a flying machine is great. The knowledge of flight is among the most ancient of our inheritances. A gift from ’those from upon high’. We received it from them as a means of saving many lives."
More fantastic still is the information given in the ancient Chaldean work, The Sifrala, which contains over one hundred pages of technical details on building a flying machine. It contains words which translate as graphite rod, copper coils, crystal indicator, vibrating spheres, stable angles, etc.
thanks:http://www.templeilluminatus.com/
thanks:http://www.templeilluminatus.com/
Link between diabetes and schizophrenia
| UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG |
Researchers have found that the prevention and treatment of diabetes might prove beneficial for people with schizophrenia and may yield better cognitive functioning, especially in immediate memory and attention.
The joint study between the University of Wollongong and China’s Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, published in PLOS ONE, has the potential to improve the daily lives of the 1 in 100 Australians who develop schizophrenia during their lifetime, helping them restore skills that could allow them to return to the workforce.
Professor Xu-Feng Huang, Director of UOW’s Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Deputy Executive Director of the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, said schizophrenia ranks among the top 10 causes of disability in developed countries worldwide, with the disease a significant cause of suicide – up to 10 per cent of people with schizophrenia attempt suicide.
Professor Huang said that previous studies had reported that diabetes occurs about two to four times more frequently in patients with schizophrenia than in the general population. As schizophrenia and diabetes are both associated with cognitive impairment, it was thought that patients with both diseases might suffer an increased rate and magnitude of cognitive deficits.
“A number of our previous studies have shown us that many atypical antipsychotics increase the likelihood of people with schizophrenia developing type 2 diabetes,” Professor Huang said.
The study found this to be accurate, with indications that people with both schizophrenia and diabetes were more cognitively impaired in the areas of immediate memory and attention than people with schizophrenia alone and people with diabetes alone. Furthermore, male patients perform worse than female patients.
These findings indicate that the memory deficits found in schizophrenia could, in part, reflect disturbed glucose regulation and that improving glucose metabolism and energy utilization could improve these deficits.
“What this study tells us is that treating diabetes in people with schizophrenia may improve their cognitive functioning, which could have a positive impact on everyday life.”
Preclinical studies, led by Institute-supported Professor Huang, have also indicated that certain compounds extracted from tea, ginseng, and fish oil could be useful as adjunct treatments for reducing chronic brain inflammation, which is linked to the causes of obesity, type II diabetes, and cognitive impairment.
Editor's note: Original news release can be found here.
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(ஆர்த்ரைடிஸ்-Arthritis)
நம்மில் பலரும் மூட்டுவலியினால் (ஆர்த்ரைடிஸ்-Arthritis) அவதிப்படுகிறோம். இதற்கான மூலகாரணம் நாம் அறியவேண்டியது ஒன்று நாம் சிறுவயதில் ஓடி ஆடி விளையாடுகிறோம். சிறுவயதில் சிறுநீர் கழிக்க வேண்டுமானால் உடனடியாக செய்துவிடுகிறோம். வயதானால் நல்ல டாய்லட் அல்லது வேறு பல காரணங்களால் அடக்கிக் கொள்கிறோம். சிறுநீரகங்களில் சிறுநீர் நிரம்பி இருந்தாலும், நாம் சரியான இடத்திற்காக, நேரத்திற்காக அடக்கி வைக்கிறோம் இந்த நிலை பெண்களுக்கு 10 வயது முதலும், ஆண்களுக்கு 18 வயது முதலும் ஆரம்பிக்கும். இந்த நேரங்களில் நமது சிறுநீரகங்கள் சிறுநீரை வெளியேற்ற இயலாமல் தவிக்கிறது.
அப்பொழுது மூளையிலிருந்து செல்லும் உத்தரவு மூலமாக தற்காலிகமாக சிறுநீரகம் தன் வேலையை நிறுத்தி வைக்கிறது. இதனால் நம் உடலில் ஓடும் ரத்தம், சிறுநீரை வெளியேற்றாமல் அப்படியே எல்லா இடங்களுக்கும் செல்கிறது. அவ்வாறு செல்லும்போது இரத்தத்தில் உள்ள யூரிக் ஆசிட் கிறிஸ்டல்ஸ் (uric acid crystals) மூட்டுகளில் படிந்து விடுகிறது. இந்தச் சிறு சிறு கற்கள் சுமார் சினோரியல் மெம்கிரேம் (நமது மூட்டுகள் நம் எண்ணத்திற்கு ஏற்ப அசைவதற்கு உதவும் ஒரு தசை) என்னும் இடத்தில் உட்கார்ந்து விடுகிறது. இது பல வருடங்களாக தொடர்ந்து நடைபெறுகிறது.
சிலருக்கு 35 வயதுக்கு மேல் காலை படுக்கையை விட்டு எழும்பொழுது இடுப்பு, பாதம், கை, கால் முட்டிகளில் அதிக வலி இருக்கும். இதுதான் ருமாட்டாயிட் ஆர்த்ரைட்டிஸின்(rheumatoid arthritis) ஆரம்ப நிலை.
இந்தியாவில் 65 சதவிகித மக்கள் இந்த வகை மூட்டு வலியினால் பாதிக்கப்படுகின்றனர். இதில் 85 சதவிகிதம் பெண்கள். பலவிதமான மருத்துவ முறைகளில் இந்த நோய்க்கு மூலகாரணம் கண்டுபிடித்து மருந்து அளிப்பதில்லை. நம் முன்னோர்கள் 2000 வருடங்களுக்கு முன்பே இயற்கை மருத்துவ குணம் கொண்ட கீரையை நமக்கு அறிமுகப்படுத்தி உள்ளார்கள். அதுதான் முடக்கத்தான் கீரை.
ஆஸ்திரேலியாவில் உள்ள குயின்ஸ் யுனிவர்சிட்டியிலிருந்து இந்தியாவின் சில மூலிகைகளை காப்பாற்றியும், அதில் உள்ள மருத்துவக் குணங்களையும், எந்த மூலக்கூறு ஒவ்வொரு மூலிகையிலும் எந்தெந்த வியாதிகளுக்கு நிவாரணம் அளிக்கிறது என்பதைப் பற்றியும் கூட்டு முயற்சியில் செயல்பட்டார்கள்.
அப்போது முடக்கத்தானிலுள்ள தாலைட்ஸ் ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட விகிதத்தில் யூரிக் ஆசிட்டைக் கரைக்கும் சக்தி படைத்திருப்பதை அறிந்து, மேலும் இந்த ஆராய்ச்சியில் ஈடுபட்டு வெற்றியும் கண்டுள்ளார்கள்.
இதன் சிறப்புக் குணம் நமது மூட்டுகளில் எங்கு யூரிக் ஆசிட் இருந்தாலும் அதைக் கரைத்து. சிறு நீரகத்திற்கு எடுத்துச்சென்று விடும். இதுபோல் எடுத்துச்சென்று சிறுநீராக வெளியேற்றும்போது, அது சோடியம் மற்றும் பொட்டாசியம் இவைகளை நம் உடலிலே விட்டு விடுகிறது. இது ஒரு மிக முக்கியமான இணையான மாற்றத்தை நம் உடலில் ஏற்படுத்துகிறது. இதனால் நமக்கு உடல் சோர்வு ஏற்படுவதில்லை. மூட்டுகளுக்கு கனிப்பொருள் சக்தியும் அளிக்கிறது.
முடக்கத்தான் கீரையை தோசை மாவில் கரைத்து, தோசை செய்து சாப்பிட வேண்டும். அந்தக் கீரையைக் கொதிக்க வைத்து உண்ணக் கூடாது. அதனுள் உள்ள மருத்துவ சத்துக்கள், கொதிக்க வைப்பதின் மூலம் அழிந்து விடும்.
மழைக்காலங்களில் மட்டுமே இந்தக் கீரை கிடைக்கும். முடக்கத்தான் கீரை, மருத்துவ குணங்கள் நிறைந்த, ஒரு அரிய கீரையாகும். தமிழ்நாட்டு கிராமங்களில், எல்லோர் வீட்டுக் கொல்லைப் புறத்திலும் இது படர்ந்து கிடக்கும்.
அப்பொழுது மூளையிலிருந்து செல்லும் உத்தரவு மூலமாக தற்காலிகமாக சிறுநீரகம் தன் வேலையை நிறுத்தி வைக்கிறது. இதனால் நம் உடலில் ஓடும் ரத்தம், சிறுநீரை வெளியேற்றாமல் அப்படியே எல்லா இடங்களுக்கும் செல்கிறது. அவ்வாறு செல்லும்போது இரத்தத்தில் உள்ள யூரிக் ஆசிட் கிறிஸ்டல்ஸ் (uric acid crystals) மூட்டுகளில் படிந்து விடுகிறது. இந்தச் சிறு சிறு கற்கள் சுமார் சினோரியல் மெம்கிரேம் (நமது மூட்டுகள் நம் எண்ணத்திற்கு ஏற்ப அசைவதற்கு உதவும் ஒரு தசை) என்னும் இடத்தில் உட்கார்ந்து விடுகிறது. இது பல வருடங்களாக தொடர்ந்து நடைபெறுகிறது.
சிலருக்கு 35 வயதுக்கு மேல் காலை படுக்கையை விட்டு எழும்பொழுது இடுப்பு, பாதம், கை, கால் முட்டிகளில் அதிக வலி இருக்கும். இதுதான் ருமாட்டாயிட் ஆர்த்ரைட்டிஸின்(rheumatoid arthritis) ஆரம்ப நிலை.
இந்தியாவில் 65 சதவிகித மக்கள் இந்த வகை மூட்டு வலியினால் பாதிக்கப்படுகின்றனர். இதில் 85 சதவிகிதம் பெண்கள். பலவிதமான மருத்துவ முறைகளில் இந்த நோய்க்கு மூலகாரணம் கண்டுபிடித்து மருந்து அளிப்பதில்லை. நம் முன்னோர்கள் 2000 வருடங்களுக்கு முன்பே இயற்கை மருத்துவ குணம் கொண்ட கீரையை நமக்கு அறிமுகப்படுத்தி உள்ளார்கள். அதுதான் முடக்கத்தான் கீரை.
ஆஸ்திரேலியாவில் உள்ள குயின்ஸ் யுனிவர்சிட்டியிலிருந்து இந்தியாவின் சில மூலிகைகளை காப்பாற்றியும், அதில் உள்ள மருத்துவக் குணங்களையும், எந்த மூலக்கூறு ஒவ்வொரு மூலிகையிலும் எந்தெந்த வியாதிகளுக்கு நிவாரணம் அளிக்கிறது என்பதைப் பற்றியும் கூட்டு முயற்சியில் செயல்பட்டார்கள்.
அப்போது முடக்கத்தானிலுள்ள தாலைட்ஸ் ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட விகிதத்தில் யூரிக் ஆசிட்டைக் கரைக்கும் சக்தி படைத்திருப்பதை அறிந்து, மேலும் இந்த ஆராய்ச்சியில் ஈடுபட்டு வெற்றியும் கண்டுள்ளார்கள்.
இதன் சிறப்புக் குணம் நமது மூட்டுகளில் எங்கு யூரிக் ஆசிட் இருந்தாலும் அதைக் கரைத்து. சிறு நீரகத்திற்கு எடுத்துச்சென்று விடும். இதுபோல் எடுத்துச்சென்று சிறுநீராக வெளியேற்றும்போது, அது சோடியம் மற்றும் பொட்டாசியம் இவைகளை நம் உடலிலே விட்டு விடுகிறது. இது ஒரு மிக முக்கியமான இணையான மாற்றத்தை நம் உடலில் ஏற்படுத்துகிறது. இதனால் நமக்கு உடல் சோர்வு ஏற்படுவதில்லை. மூட்டுகளுக்கு கனிப்பொருள் சக்தியும் அளிக்கிறது.
முடக்கத்தான் கீரையை தோசை மாவில் கரைத்து, தோசை செய்து சாப்பிட வேண்டும். அந்தக் கீரையைக் கொதிக்க வைத்து உண்ணக் கூடாது. அதனுள் உள்ள மருத்துவ சத்துக்கள், கொதிக்க வைப்பதின் மூலம் அழிந்து விடும்.
மழைக்காலங்களில் மட்டுமே இந்தக் கீரை கிடைக்கும். முடக்கத்தான் கீரை, மருத்துவ குணங்கள் நிறைந்த, ஒரு அரிய கீரையாகும். தமிழ்நாட்டு கிராமங்களில், எல்லோர் வீட்டுக் கொல்லைப் புறத்திலும் இது படர்ந்து கிடக்கும்.
Older women unhappy with spouse
| FLINDERS UNIVERSITY |
The research proves that having a partner in old age doesn't necessarily make a woman happy.
Image: Darren Baker/Shutterstock
Having a husband in old age doesn’t necessarily make a woman happy, research from Flinders University reveals.
The study, which has just been published online in the international journal Developmental Psychology, measured the effect of different types of social interactions on the day to day happiness of 74 Adelaide men and women over the age of 85.
As part of the survey, participants recorded their emotions in the presence of various social partners – including their spouse, family, friends and carers – six times a day over seven consecutive days in 2010.
The majority (68 per cent) of participants were widowed, however the female respondents who did have a spouse reported feeling more unhappy when they were interacting with their spouse than when they were alone.
While the study did not ask the female respondents to state why they felt unhappy in their partner’s company, lead author Dr Helena Chui said the speculation was that they were burdened by the double roles of being a wife and full-time carer.
“Women are more likely to experience bereavement from widowhood because men die younger on average but our research shows women are actually not happy when their partners are with them on a day to day basis,” Dr Chui, a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Flinders Centre for Ageing Studies and the School of Psychology, said.
“We’d need to conduct another study to find out why but the assumption is that the husband is usually older than the wife, therefore the wife is more likely to be the caregiver,” she said.
“The male respondents didn’t feel particularly happy or unhappy when they were with their wives, yet on average, respondents said they felt happiest when they were with their friends.
“They also reported feeling happy when they were with family members, although on the scale we used to measure emotion they were happiest with friends first, followed by family.”
Over the seven day survey period, Dr Chui said respondents spent 70 per cent of their time alone, during which they reported feeling less happy than when they were with other people.
She said those with higher levels of neuroticism benefited most from friendships, while visits from formal carers or service providers made no impact on everyday emotions across all participant types.
“What we know is that 70 per cent of the time the oldest-old are alone and they’re not very happy when they’re alone.
“We also know they’re happiest when they’re with their friends, which tells us we need to encourage the oldest-old to go out and meet friends because that’s likely to make them happy.
“But it’s not that easy to leave the house when you’re very old because of mobility and transport issues so governments must take the lead in developing policies that foster social connectedness among the oldest-old.”
Editor's Note: Original news release can be found here.
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Sunscreen protects from cancer
| QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY |
Sunscreens protects the skin from molecular changes triggered by sun exposure.
Image: maridav/Shutterstock
Next time your kids complain about putting on sunscreen, tell them this: Sunscreen shields a superhero gene that protects them from getting cancer.
It is widely accepted that sunscreen stops you from getting burnt but to date there has been academic debate about the effectiveness of sunscreen in preventing skin cancers.
Now QUT has undertaken a world-first human study to assess the impact of sunscreen at the molecular level.
Researchers found sunscreen provides 100 per cent protection against all three forms of skin cancer: BCC (basal cell carcinoma); SCC (squamous cell carcinoma); and malignant melanoma.
Lead researcher Dr Elke Hacker, from QUT's AusSun Research Lab, said sunscreen not only provided 100 per cent protection against the damage that can lead to skin cancer but it shielded the important p53 gene, a gene that works to prevent cancer.
"As soon as our skin becomes sun damaged, the p53 gene goes to work repairing that damage and thereby preventing skin cancer occurring.
"But over time if skin is burnt regularly the p53 gene mutates and can no longer do the job it was intended for - it no longer repairs sun damaged skin and without this protection skin cancers are far more likely to occur."
The study, published in the Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research journal, looked at the impact of sunlight on human skin, both with and without sunscreen, and found no evidence of UV-induced skin damage when proper application of sunscreen (SPF30+) had been applied to exposed area.
"Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer with research showing damage of melanocytes - the pigment-producing cells of the skin - after sun exposure plays a role in the development of skin cancer," Dr Hacker said.
Dr Hacker said the study, funded by Cancer Council Queensland, involved 57 people undergoing a series of skin biopsies to determine molecular changes to the skin before and after UV exposure and with and without sunscreen.
"First we took small skin biopsies of people's unexposed skin. We then exposed two skin sites to a mild burning dose of UV light, one site was applied with sunscreen and the other was not. We again took biopsies of both sites.
"After 24 hours, we took another set of biopsies and compared the skin samples.
"What we found was that, after 24 hours where the sunscreen had been applied, there were no DNA changes to the skin and no impact on the p53 gene," she said.
Dr Hacker said this was a significant finding.
"In Australia we have strong standards around sunscreens and their ability to protect against erythema (redness of skin)," Dr Hacker said.
"But this research looks beyond the redness to determine whether UV exposure when using sunscreen causes molecular changes to the skin, as these changes have been linked to BCC, SCC and malignant melanoma.
"When there are changes in the molecular structure it can enhance skin cancer development."
Dr Hacker said the study also provided a baseline measurement of molecular responses to UV exposure, which would now be used to investigate post-sun exposure treatments, such as super sunscreens, to assist in the repair of sun damaged skin.
Dr Hacker is a member of the Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation.
Cancer Council Queensland spokesperson Katie Clift said the research reinforced the SunSmart message in Queensland - which has the highest rates of skin cancer in the world.
"It's imperative that all Queenslanders adopt SunSmart habits every day that they're out and about in the Sunshine State, no matter the season," Ms Clift said.
"Cancer Council Queensland recommends using SPF30 or above broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen, and reapplying sunscreen every two hours.
"Applying sunscreen correctly is important. Adults should apply more than half a teaspoon of sunscreen to each arm and the face, neck and ears - and just over one teaspoon to each leg, and front and back of the torso.
"It's also important to complement sunscreen with sun protective clothing, a broad-brimmed hat, to seek shade and slide on wraparound sunglasses for best protection."
The study, "The effect of MC1R variants and sunscreen on the response of human melanocytes in vivo to ultraviolet radiation and implications for melanoma", is available here.
Editor's note: Original news release can be found here.
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THANGA MEENGAL MOVIE REVIEW
Cast: Padmapriya, Ram, Sadhana, Sally
Direction: Ram
Screenplay: Ram
Story: Ram
Background score: Yuvan Shankar Raja
Director Ram is back with his brand of intense cinema and this time he has based his tale around the relationship between a father and his daughter. Thanga Meengal has had its share of release issues but the buzz for the movie in the social media space was high, thanks to Ram’s proactive and impactful promotions.
Ram's first movie, Kattradhu Thamizh was noted for its mesmerizing music score by Yuvan Shankar Raja and its brilliant visuals. Thanga Meengal also retains the ‘Little Maestro’ and the cinematography has been handled by Arbhindu Saaraa.
In Thanga Meengal, Ram plays Kalyani, a self-respecting man who isn't always practical and wears his heart on his sleeve. His world revolves around his exuberant and sometimes over-enthusiastic 8 year old daughter Chellamma and he wishes to keep the child within her, alive at any cost. His rational family members aren't welcoming of his ways and philosophies. The rest of the movie is about the struggles that he has to undergo in order to keep his daughter's pristine happiness intact.
First things first, a big round of applause to Director Ram for his vision, unflinching passion on his subject, his writing and of course his performance. He has literally given life to the character that he has written. Though he comes across as over-dramatic and hyper-emotional at times, it suits the story.
Baby Sadhana plays Chellamma, a kid who lives in her own world and is a really slow learner at school. Her mind is brimming with fantasies and one such is about ‘Thanga Meengal’. The title has been justified very well and poetically in fact.
Chellamma has issues in concentrating on her lessons and is more interested in having enthusiastic and typically childlike conversations with her little friend Nithyashree. These conversations are a big highlight in the movie as they make the mood light. Baby Sanjana as Nithyashree is a darling.
Coming back to Sadhana, her's is an unbelievable performance and not for one moment, do we see any cinematic traces in her. Ram has extracted the best out of this prodigiously talented child. The scenes involving her conversations with Santa Claus and with her ‘soft doll’ illustrate the kind of innocence and purity that she exhibits.
Shelly plays the mother of Chellamma and she shines in the scenes when she releases all her pent-up frustrations. Looking at Shelly and Sadhana, they really do look like a mother-daughter pair. Great casting.
Padmapriya is really dignified as a teacher and lights up the few scenes that she appears in. Rohini and 'Poo' Ram as the lead protagonist's parents are realistic and natural. The younger sister character is another sweet addition to the proceedings and the brother-sister bonding has been brought out subtly.
Yuvan Shankar Raja has again delivered his best for Ram and you will have plenty of hair-raising moments as he weaves magic with his instruments, for the movie's BGM score. Yuvan continues to grow by leaps and bounds with every passing year. The legendary maestro Ilayaraja can indeed be proud of his son.
The much-loved Aanandha Yazhai is a visual delight while the other songs such as Nadhi Vellam and Yaarukkum Thozhan Illai are well-placed. The riotous ‘School’ song could have been placed earlier in the movie's narrative, one feels.
Thanga Meengal is a visual treat as well, with Arbhindu Saaraa capturing all the scenic locales in the movie well and particularly shining in those surreal night scenes. The DI, colouring and other post production work on the movie's visuals are splendid during these night scenes.
One must laud the passion of the producers too and Gautham Menon, being an ambitious filmmaker himself, must have understood what Ram was up to, and his contributions to the final output of Thanga Meengal mustn't be undervalued.
Verdict: Thanga Meengal brims with heart felt heavy emotions, has lifelike performances and is a brilliantly made film.
Monday, October 14, 2013
திரைப்படங்களை அரசியல் ஆயுதமாக்கிய மக்கள் திலகம் எம்.ஜி.ஆர்
படத்தின் தலைப்புக்குப் பக்கத்தில் TIME TO LEAD எனப் போடப் போய், ஆளுங்கட்சியின் அதிகாரத்திற்குப் பயந்து, உடனடியாக அதை நீக்கி, கால்வழியே சிறுநீர் கழித்த ‘தலைவா’க்களைப் பார்க்கிறோம். ஆனால், தனது படத்தின் தொடக்கக்காட்சியில் வரும் பேனரிலேயே எதிர்க்கட்சிக் கொடியை தைரியமாக பட்டொளி வீசிப்பறக்கவிட்டவர் மக்கள் திலகம் எம்.ஜி.ஆர். அதனால்தான் அவர் இன்றும் தலைவராக இருக்கிறார். பொதுமக்களின ஊடகமான திரைப்படத்தை எப்படிப் பயன்படுத்தினால் எவ்வளவு உயரத்தை அடையமுடியும் என்பதை வெற்றிகரமாக நிரூபித்தவர், எம்.ஜி.ஆர்.
"இந்தியா என்றொரு குப்பைத்தொட்டி "
இந்தியா என்னும் நாடு வெளிநாட்டினருக்கு ஒரு குப்பைத்தொட்டியாகத்தான் இன்றளவும் தெரிகறது. ஏனென்றால் மலேசியா, சிங்கப்பூர் போன்ற நாடுகளில் சேர்த்துவைக்கப்படும் பிளாஸ்டிக் , இரும்புக் குப்பைகள் வந்து கொட்டுவது இந்தியாவில்தான். அதுப்போல உலக அளவில் தடை செய்யப்பட்ட மருந்துகள் விற்பனையாவதும் இந்தியாவில்தான்.
பலநாடுகளில் தடை செய்யப்பட்டு இந்தியாவில் மட்டும் விற்பனையில் இருக்கும் கூட்டு மருந்துகள் எத்தனை தெரியுமா? 80.
சரி, இப்போது பார்ப்போம். அது என்னென்ன மருந்துகள் என்று.
1 . அனால்ஜின் ( Analgin)
பயன்பாடு - வலி நிவாரணி
பக்க விளைவு - எலும்பு மஜ்ஜை சீர்கேடு
2 . நிமிசுலைட் (Nimisulide)
பயன்பாடு - வலி நிவாரணி மற்றும் காய்ச்சல்
பக்க விளைவு - கல்லீரல் செயல் இழப்பு
3 . பினைல் ப்ரோபநோலமைன் ( phenyl propanolamine )
பயன்பாடு - சளி மற்றும் மூக்கு ஒழுகுதல்
பக்க விளைவு - மூளைக்குச் செல்லும் ரத்த நாளங்களில் ஏற்படும் திடீர் அடைப்பால் சுயநினைவு இழத்தல்
4 . சிசாபிரைடு ( cisapride )
பயன்பாடு - மலச்சிக்கல் மற்றும் அதிக அமிலம் சுரத்தலை கட்டுப்படுத்து
பக்க விளைவு - இதயத் துடிப்பு சீர்கேடு
5 . குயிநோடக்ளர் (quinodochlor )
பயன்பாடு -வயிற்றுப்போக்கு கட்டுப்படுத்துதல்
பக்க விளைவு - கண்பார்வை பாதிப்பு
6 . பியுரசொளிடன் (Furazolidone )
பயன்பாடு - வயிற்றுப்போக்கு கட்டுப்படுத்துதல்
பக்க விளைவு – புற்றுநோய்
7 . நைட்ரோபியுரசொன் (Nitrofurozone )
பயன்பாடு - கிருமிகளை அழித்தல்
பக்க விளைவு – புற்றுநோய்
8 . ஆக்சிபென் பியுட்டசொன் ( Oxyphenbutozone )
பயன்பாடு - வலி நிவாரணி
பக்க விளைவு - எலும்பு மஜ்ஜை சீர்கேடு
9 . பைப்பரசின் ( Piperazine )
பயன்பாடு - வயிற்றுப் புழுக்களை அழித்தல்
பக்க விளைவு - நரம்புச் சிதைவு
10 . பினப்தலின் (Phenophthalein )
பயன்பாடு - மலமிலக்கி
பக்க விளைவு – புற்றுநோய்
சரி, இந்த பத்து மருந்துகளின் விற்பனைப் பெயர்கள் தெரியணும் இல்லையா
1 . அனால்ஜின் - Paralgan-M,Novalgin,
2 . நிமிசுலைட் -Monogesic,N lid,Nam,Nelsid,Nimbus,Nimu
3 . பினைல் ப்ரோபநோலமைன் - D-cold,Coldact,
4 . சிசாபிரைடு -Alipride,Cisapro,Santiza,
5 . பியுரசொளிடன் - Furoxone
6 . பைப்பரசின் -Piperazine citrate
7 . குயிநோடக்ளர் - Entero quinol
இதைத்தான் நம் மருத்துவர்கள் தடை செய்யப்பட்டாலும் பரவாயில்லை என்று எழுது எழுதுன்னு எழுதுகிறார்கள். ஏன் நாமே வலுக்கட்டாயமாக மருத்துவரை பரிந்துரைக்கவும் செய்கிறோம். நமக்கு உடனே நோய் சரியாக வேண்டும், பக்க விளைவுகள் வந்தால் பின்னாடி பார்த்துக்கொள்ளாலாம் என்கிற நினைப்பு. இல்லாவிட்டால் குலசாமிக்கு விரதம் இருந்து மொட்டை போட்டு பொங்கல் வைச்சால் போதும் என்கிற நினைப்பு. இதற்கு முழுக்காரணமும் மருந்து நிறுவனங்களும் ,மருத்துவர்களுமேதான்.
மேலே இருக்கும் இந்த மருந்தானது மிகச் சிறந்த வலி நிவாரணியாக கருதப்பட்டு மருந்து விற்பனையில் சக்கைப்போடு போட்டது, நம்ம வியாபாரிகளை பற்றித்தான் உங்களுக்கு தெரியுமே? காதலை மையப்படுத்தி ஒரு சினிமா வெற்றி பெற்றால் போதும், உடனே வரிசையாக காதல் படமா எடுப்பார்கள் என்று அதேபோல் இந்த மருந்தை எல்லா நிறுவனங்களும் விற்பனை செய்தன பின்புதான் தெரிந்தது. இதன் பக்கவிளைவு இதைத் தொடர்ச்சியாக எடுத்துகொண்டால் இதயநோய் வரும் என்று வந்தது வினை, 2004 ம் ஆண்டு இந்த மருந்தை விற்பனை செய்ய கூடாது என்று தடை கூட வந்தது.
ஆனால் மருந்து நிறுவனங்கள் இந்த மருந்தை அதிகமாக உற்பத்தி செய்துவிற்பனைக்கு வைத்துள்ளன என்ன செய்வதென்று முழிபிதுங்கி,தடைசெய்த 2004 ம் ஆண்டில் சுகாதாரத் துறை அமைச்சராக இருந்தவரின்தந்தையிடம் 200 கோடி கொடுத்தன ஒரு ஆறு மாதம் விற்பனை செய்தசம்பாதித்தன மருந்து நிறுவனங்கள். மருந்தை உண்டவன் செத்தானாஇருக்கிறானா என்று தெரியவில்லை.
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