உலக சர்வாதிகாரி ஹிட்லரையே அடிபணிய வைத்தான் ஒரு தமிழன்.....

எத்தனையோ வரலாற்று உண்மைகள் உலகில் மறைக்கப்பட்டிருப்பது மறுக்க முடியாத தொன்று. அதிலும் தமிழினத்தின் வரலாறுகளை கேட்பார் அற்றதால் விழுங்கிக் கொண்டிருக்கிறது இந்த உலகு. உலக சர்வாதிகாரியான ஹிட்லரையே மன்னிப்பு கோரச்செய்தவன் அடி பணியவைத்தவன் ஒருவன் உள்ளான் என்றால் நம்புவீர்களா ? அதுவும் அவன் ஒரு தமிழன் என்பதை எத்தனை பேர் அறிவீர்கள் ? ஆம் தோழர்க

ளே !அந்த வீரன் வேறுயாருமில்லை அவன் தான் மாவீரன் செண்பகராமன். மாவீரன் செண்பகராமனை எத்தனை பேர் அறிவீர்கள்? ஒரு வேடிக்கையான விடயம். தமிழக அரசே 2009 ஆம் ஆண்டு தான் மாவீரன் செண்பகராமனை இனங்கண்டு கொண்டு அவரை கெளரவித்து சிலை ஒன்றை நிறுவியது.

இந்தியக் குடியரசின் உயிர் மூச்சாகத் திகழும் “ஜெய்ஹிந்த்” என்னும் தாரக மந்திரத்தை, முதன் முதலில் உச்சரித்தவர் வங்காளச் சிங்கம் சுபாஸ் சந்திரபோஸ் என்று தான் பலர் கருதுகின்றனர். அவர் நிறுவிய இந்திய தேசிய இராணுவத்தின் போர் முழக்கம் “ஜெய்ஹிந்த்” என்பது உண்மையே. ஆனால் அவருக்கு முன்பே “ஜெய்ஹிந்த்” மந்திரத்தை உச்சரித்து இந்திய தேசிய ராணுவத்தை உருவாக்கிய பெருமை செண்பகராமன் என்ற ஒரு தமிழனுக்குத்தான் உரியதென்றால், ஆச்சரியமாக இருக்கிறதல்லவா? யார் அந்த செண்பகராமன் என்று பார்ப்போம்.

பாரத மாதாவின் அடிமை விலங்குகளை அடித்து நொறுக்கிவிட வேண்டும் என இந்திய மக்கள் அத்தனைபேரும் ஆக்ரோஷத்தால் குமுறிக் கொந்தளித்துக் கொண்டிருந்த காலம் அது. பால்மணம் மாறாத பள்ளி மாணவர்கள் கூட, போராட்டத்தில் குதித்து விட்டனர். பாரதத்தைக் காக்கப் புறப்பட்ட பல்லாயிரக் கணக்கான பள்ளி மாணவர்களுக்கு, ஒரு தலைவனாய் விளங்கினான் ஒரு பதினைந்து வயது சிறுவன். அவன் தான் நாஞ்சில் மண் பெற்றெடுத்த நாயகன் செண்பகராமன். இவனது திறமைகளையும் ஆற்றலையும் கண்டு வெள்ளையர்கள் வியந்து போனார்கள். சிறிது காலம் தலைமறைவாக வாழவேண்டிய நிற்பந்தம்; அதனால் ஜேர்மனிக்கு பயணமானான். ஆங்கிலேயர்களுக்கு அதிர்ச்சி இந்த சிறுவனால் இது எப்படி சாத்தியம்? வியந்தார்கள்.

ஜேர்மனியிலே உயர்கல்விகளையெல்லாம் முடித்து கலாநிதி பட்டம் பெற்றுக்கொண்டார். அறிவிலே சிறந்து மிளிரத்தொடங்கினார். ஜெர்மனியச் சக்கரவர்த்தியாக அப்போதிருந்த கெய்சர் மன்னன், தன் அந்தரங்க நண்பனாக செண்பகராமனை ஏற்றுக்கொண்டார் என்றால், மேலும் விளக்கம் தேவையில்லையல்லவா? டாக்டர் செண்பகராமன் கலந்து கொள்ளாத ராஜாங்க வைபவமோ, விருந்தோ ஜெர்மனியில் கிடையாதென்ற நிலைமை உருவாகியது.

தாயகத்தை விட்டு வெளியேறியதன் நோக்கமே, இனிமேற்தானே நிறைவேற வேண்டும் என்று உழைக்க ஆரம்பித்தான். இந்திய தேசியப் போராட்டத்தைப் பற்றி ஜெர்மனில் நிகழ்ந்த சரமாரியான சொற்பொழிவுகளைத் தொடர்ந்து, இவற்றின் எதிரொலியாக அங்கு “இந்திய ஆதரவு சர்வதேசக் கமிட்டி” ஒன்று நிறுவப்பட்டது. டாக்டர் செண்பகராமனே இதற்கும் தலைமை தாங்கினார். இந்தக் கமிட்டியின் உதவியோடு, ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகளிடையே, இந்தியாவைப் பற்றி நிலவிய தவறான அபிப்பிராயங்களைத் தவிடுபொடியாக்கிய செண்பகராமன், இந்திய நலனுக்கு அக் கமிட்டியை வெற்றிகரமாகப் பயன்படுத்தினார்.

தனது எண்ணங்களை ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகளுக்குத் தெளிவாக எடுத்துக் கூறுவதற்காக டாக்டர் செண்பகராமன் நடத்திய “புரோ இந்தியா” ( PRO INDIA ) எனும் ஆங்கிலப் பத்திரிகை இந்தியாவை நிர்மாணிக்கப் போகும் புரட்சிக் குரலாகியது.

ஹிட்லர் மன்னிப்பு கோரல்

ஒருநாள் டாக்டர் செண்பகராமனும், ஹிட்லரும் அவருடைய சகாக்களும் ஒரு இடத்தில் அமர்ந்து பேசிக்கொண்டிருந்தனர். அப்பொழுது அகங்காரம் பிடித்த ஹிட்லர், ஆணவத்தோடு இந்தியாவையும், இந்தியத் தலைவர்களையும் பற்றி இழிவாகப் பேசினார்.

‘சுதந்திரம் பெறக்கூடிய யோக்கியதை இந்தியர்களுக்கு கிடையாது” என்றாராம் ஹிட்லர். இதைக் கேட்டதும் கொதித்தெழுந்து, சிங்கம் போல் கர்ஜித்தார் செண்பகராமன். இந்தியாவின் பாரம்பரிய பெருமை பற்றியும் இந்தியத் தலைவர்களின் மேதா விலாசம் பற்றியும் ஆணித்தரமான வாதங்களை எடுத்து ஹிட்லர் முன் விளக்கினார். டாக்டரின் கர்ஜனையைக் கேட்ட ஹிட்லர் உண்மையிலேயே ஸ்தம்பித்து விட்டார். டாக்டர் செண்பகராமனின் மனோசக்தி முன், தன்னால் நிற்க முடியாது அடங்கியதோடு, தாம் செய்த பிழையையும் உணர்ந்து உடனே செண்பகராமனிடம் மன்னிப்புக் கோரினார். வார்த்தையளவில் மன்னிப்புக் கேட்டால் போதாது எழுத்திலும்; மன்னிப்பைத் தரவேண்டும் என்று வாதாடினார் பிடிவாதக்காரரான டாக்டர் செண்பகராமன். அதன்படியே, எழுத்தில் மன்னிப்புக் கோரினார்.

முதலாம் உலகப்போர் பிரிட்டனுக்கும் ஜெர்மனுக்குமிடையில் ஆரம்பமாகியது. உடனடியாக டாக்டர் செண்பகராமன் ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகளில் அப்போது சிதறிக் கிடந்த இந்தியர்கள் அனைவரையும் ஒன்றுதிரட்டி ஒரு ராணுவ சக்தியாக உருவாக்கினார். போரில் தனக்குச் சாதகமாக இந்தியர்களைப் பயன்படுத்த ஜெர்மனி முயற்சித்தது. அக்கட்டத்தில் ஐரோப்பாவில் வாழ்ந்த இந்தியர்களின் மனோபாவத்தை, போரினால் எழும் இந்த நெருக்கடியை இந்தியாவின் விடுதலைக்காகப் பயன்படுத்திக் கொள்ள வேண்டும் என அவர்கள் தீர்மானம் செய்து உள்ளனர். ஜெர்மனியர் லாபத்திற்காக மட்டும் பாடுபட வேண்டும் என்பது அவர்கள் நோக்கமல்ல என நேருஜி தனது சுயசரிதையில் தெளிவாக எடுத்து விளக்கி இருந்தார்.

இவ்விதம் பாரதத்தின் நலன் கருதி செண்பகராமன் உருவாக்கிய போராட்ட அணிக்கு “இந்திய தேசியத் தொண்டர்படை”(ஐ.என்.வி) என்று பெயர் கொடுக்கப்பட்டது.

ஜெர்மனி கேட்டுக் கொண்டபடி, சில நிபந்தனைகளோடு போரில், ஜெர்மனிக்கு உதவ ஐ. என். வி. எனும் இந்தியப்படை ஒப்புக் கொண்டது. செண்பகராமனின் திட்டங்கள் அனைத்தையும் ஜெர்மனின் கெய்ஸர் மன்னர் ஏற்றுக் கொண்டார். இந்தச் சந்தர்ப்பத்திலேதான், செண்பகராமனின் மதிநுட்பத்தைப் பாராட்டி, “சுதந்திர பாரதத்தின் முதல் ஜனாதிபதியாக வீரன் செண்பகராமன் நியமிக்கப்பட வேண்டும்” என்று கெய்ஸர் மன்னர் தனது அந்தரங்க ஆவலை வெளியிட்டார்.

யுத்த காலத்தில், ஹம்டன் என்ற பிரசித்தி பெற்ற நீர் முழ்கிக் கப்பலின் பெயரைக் கேட்டாலே, அன்று பிரிட்டிஷார் கதி கலங்கினர் அந்தக் கப்பலைச் செலுத்தி. 1914 ஆம் ஆண்டு செப்டம்பர் மாதம் 22 ஆம் திகதி சென்னையிலுள்ள சென்ட் ஜோர்ஜ் கோட்டையைத் தாக்கி, பிரிட்டிஷ் அரசை கலங்கடித்த வீரன் வேறு யாரென்று நினைக்கிறீர்கள்? “ஹம்டன்” எனும் பிரமாண்டமான நீர் மூழ்கியின் பொறியியலாளரும், இரண்டாவது கமாண்டருமான டாக்டர் செண்பகராமன்தான். சென்ட் ஜோர்ஜ் கோட்டை தகர்ந்ததற்கும், பிரிட்டிஷார் நடுங்கியதற்கும் காரணபூதர்! ஹம்டன் குண்டு வீச்சு சம்பவத்தைப் பற்றிய வரலாறு, கோட்டைச் சுவற்றில் பதிக்கப்பட்டிருப்பதை இப்போதும், சென்னையிலுள்ள இதே கோட்டையில் காணலாம். இது நடந்தது செண்பகராமனின் இருபத்தி மூன்றாவது வயதில்! இத்தனை இளம் பருவத்தில் செண்பகராமன் மேற்கொண்ட சாதனைகளை கண்டு ஆங்கிலேயர்கள் வியந்தார்கள். அவர் வழி நடத்திய ஐ. என். வி. யின் ஆற்றலைக் கண்டு வெள்ளையர் அடைந்த பீதிக்கு அளவே கிடையாதென வரலாறு கூறுகிறது.

இந்தனை வீரசாகசங்களை புரிந்து ஆங்கிலேயர்களை துவசம் செய்த மாவீரன் நாசிப்படைகளின் நயவஞ்சகமான சூழ்ச்சியால் கொல்லப்படுகின்றார். தன் இறுதி லட்சியத்தை மனைவியிடம் கூறுகிறார் செண்பகராமன்.

இந்திய சுதந்திரத்தை கண்ணால் காணாமல். என் உயிர் பிரியத்தான் போகிறது.எனினும் நான் இறந்த பின், எனது அஸ்தியை பத்திரமாக எடுத்துச் சென்று, நான்பிறந்த தமிழ் நாட்டில், என் அன்னையின் அஸ்தி சங்கமமான கரமனை ஆற்றில்கரைத்துவிடு, மறுபகுதியை நாஞ்சில் நாட்டடின் வளமிக்க வயல்களில் தூவிவிடு.அதோடு என் உயிர் பிரிந்தபின்னும், என் போராட்டத்தை தொடர்ந்து நீ, நடத்தவேண்டும். நெஞ்சை உருக்கும் வண்ணம் மேற் கண்ட வேண்டுகோளை விடுத்தசெண்பகராமனின் உயிர் 1934 ஆம் ஆண்டு மே மாதம் 26 ஆம் திகதி இவ்வுலகத்தைவிட்டு நீங்கி அமரத்துவம் அடைந்தது.

 

DESIGN

Design, as defined by Richard Seymour: 

“making things better for people”

–but is that too broad?  mailmen and sanitation workers make things better for people…

design, from London’s Design Council:

design as translation: “an activity that translates an idea into a blueprint for something useful”

–ah, that word ‘utility’…

design, according to the Danish Design Centre:

“design = aesthetics + added value”

–interesting that the DDC views design as a ‘result of deliberate and creative work on an idea, a problem or a desire for change’ — do they see design as an end product, instead of a process?

design, as grudgingly defined by John Heskett:

‘the human capacity to shape and make our environment in ways without precedent in nature, to serve our needs and give meaning to our lives’

Despite its growing importance in today’s world, design continues to be misunderstood. When we hear the word “design”, many of us still think about the shape and color of objects, or flashy aesthetics, or items of luxury. But this view diminishes the importance of design and is just plain wrong. True, style is the most recognizable part of a design, with the substance of it often hidden away as a more intangible asset. But it’s really only a matter of perception.

Aesthetics are just the surface of a very layered process; they are the visible synthesis of a complex study that includes: research, vision, planning, problem solving, ergonomics, lifestyle, culture, technology, psychology, and sometimes, even sociology.

The point is: design has a higher purpose that goes well beyond creating something that is pretty to look at. When it comes to interiors, for example, design is about adapting the environment to our functional, emotional, psychological, and social needs. It is what contributes to making our living spaces more enjoyable, to creating atmospheres that give us energy and make us feel good while simplifying our lives…even if we can’t quite figure out why and how. Design can help us come together; as a family, as a group, as a community, as a society. In doing so, it enhances thesignificance of a place, or even an object.

At its highest level, design seems to be something that can only be practiced by few, with the rest of us left to experience and enjoy it, but not contribute to it. Yet, at its core, design is something that any of us can do because, when stripped to its essence, design is about adopting a holistic mentality and applying it to our lives. It’s about figuring out how disparate things can be brought together in new ways; it’s the ability to think about creative, unexpected solutions to our problems, in order to continue improving the quality of our lives, in every aspect. When we look at it this way, says Frank Nuovo, one of the world’s leading industrial designers, “design is something that everyone does every day”.

So, if we want to make our lives better, we should look to design for inspiration and believe we can all be problem-solvers and agents of change by using a design approach to everyday matters.

What is Design?

Design as a Shared Activity

The nature of design is equally as complex as that of technology. Archer wrote that:

“Design is that area of human experience, skill and knowledge which is concerned with man’s ability to mould his environment to suit his material and spiritual needs.” 1

Design is essentially a rational, logical, sequential process intended to solve problems or, as Jones put it:

“initiate change in man-made things” 2

For the term “design process,” we can also read “problem-solving process”, which in all but its abstract forms works by consultation and consensus. The process begins with the identification and analysis of a problem or need and proceeds through a structured sequence in which information is researched and ideas explored and evaluated until the optimum solution to the problem or need is devised.

Yet, design has not always been a rational process; up until the Great War design was often a chaotic affair in that consultation and consensus were barely evident. Design was not a total process. The work of participants in the process was often compartmentalised, each having little if any input in matters which fell outside the boundaries of their specific expertise. Thus, participants explored their ideas unilaterally, with one or another participant, through virtue of their “expertise”, imposing constraints upon all others. In this way, the craftsman has a veto on matters to do with skill or availability of materials, the engineer had a veto on technological considerations, and the patron alone could impose considerations of taste and finance.

During the inter-war years the Bauhaus movement attempted to knit the design process into a coherent whole in that students were encouraged to study design in a way that was both total and detailed. That is, designers were expected to balance all the considerations that came to bear upon the design of particular artefacts, systems and environments. In this way, though, design quickly evolved into a closed activity - an activity in which all but the designers themselves has little if any valid input to make on questions of materials, taste . . . and so on. Designers came to exist within a social bubble, consulting no-one but other designers. The result was that many designs conceived particularly during the immediate post-Second World War period did little to satisfy the needs of users. Such designs were exemplified by the disastrous housing policies adopted by many local authorities in the UK who built residential tower block after residential tower block. These were essentially realisations of dreamy design concepts rather than solutions to the social, cultural and environmental needs of the local populations.

Recent years have marked a sharp reaction against the design movement, which has perhaps been personified by Prince Charles and has crusade against architectural “carbuncles”. Likewise, individuals within society have sought to express their own tastes, their own individuality, personal style and personal self-image through what they use and purchase. Thus it is that design is not an activity solely for engineers and designers but is a shared activity between those who design artefacts, systems and environments, those who make them and those who use them.

Design is everywhere - and that's why looking for a definition may

not help you grasp what it is.

Design is everywhere. It's what drew you to the last piece of

furniture you bought and it's what made online banking possible.

It's made London taxi cabs easier to get in and out of and it made

Stella McCartney's name. It's driving whole business cultures and

making sure environments from hospitals to airports are easier to

navigate.

The single word 'design' encompasses an awful lot, and that's why

the understandable search for a single definition leads to lengthy

debate to say the least.

There are broad definitions and specific ones - both have

drawbacks. Either they're too general to be meaningful or they

exclude too much.

One definition, aired by designer Richard Seymour during the

Design Council's Design in Business Week 2002, is 'making things

better for people'. It emphasises that design activity is focused first

and foremost on human behaviour and quality of life, not factors

like distributor preferences. But nurses or road sweepers could say

they, too, 'make things better for people'.

Meanwhile, a definition focused on products or 3D realisations of

ideas excludes the work of graphic designers, service designers

and many other disciplines. There may be no absolute definitions

of design that will please everyone, but attempting to find one can

at least help us pin down the unique set of skills that designers

bring to bear.

Translation

Design could be viewed as an activity that translates an idea into a

blueprint for something useful, whether it's a car, a building, a

graphic, a service or a process. The important part is the

translation of the idea, though design's ability to spark the idea in

the first place shouldn't be overlooked.

Scientists can invent technologies, manufacturers can make

products, engineers can make them function and marketers can

sell them, but only designers can combine insight into all these

things and turn a concept into something that's desirable, viable,

commercially successful and adds value to people's lives.

There are many misconceptions about design. Sunday 

supplements and glossy magazines often use 'design' as a

buzzword denoting style and fashion. While the toaster or

corkscrew being featured may be well designed, the result is to

feed the belief of would-be design clients that design is restricted

to the surface of things and how they look, and that it's best

employed at the end of the product development process.

But good design isn't simply about the surface. Aesthetics are

important, but only a part of a bigger picture.

Design is fundamental. People often need reminding that

everything around us is designed and that design decisions impact

on nearly every part of our lives, be it the environments we work in,

the way we book holidays, or the way we go about getting get the

lid off the jam jar. When those things work, it's taken for granted,

but, as Bill Moggridge, founder of international consultancy IDEO,

says: 'A lot of trial and error goes into making things look

effortless.'

Design and the user

Good design begins with the needs of the user. No design, no

matter how beautiful and ingenious, is any good if it doesn't fulfil a

user need. This may sound obvious but many products and

services, such as the Sinclair C5, Wap mobile phone services, and

a great many dot com businesses failed because the people

behind them didn't grasp this.

Finding out what the customer wants is the first stage of what

designers do. The designer then builds on the results of that

inquiry with a mixture of creativity and commercial insight.

Although gut instinct is part of the designer's arsenal, there are

more scientific ways of making sure the design hits the mark.

Different designers use different methods - combining market

research, user testing, prototyping and trend analysis.

Any product launch is ultimately a gamble, but these methods help

decrease the risk of failure, a fact that often comes as a surprise to

clients.

Creativity

A design doesn't have to be new, different or impressive to be

successful in the marketplace, as long as it's fulfilling a need, but

design methods do lead to innovative products and serivces.

Designers learn that ideas that may seem strange are worth

exploring and that the 'common-sense' solution is not always the

right one. Designers often hit on counter-intuitive concepts through 

methods such as drawing, prototyping, brainstorming and user

testing. Watching users in real-world situations especially gives

insights into their behaviour that lead to ideas that wouldn't have

formed had the designer simply thought about the situation, or

relied on generalised market research.

Design and business

Designers, unlike artists, can't simply follow their creative

impulses. They work in a commercial environment which means

there is a huge number of considerations that coming to bear on

the design process.

Designers have to ask themselves questions such as: is the

product they're creating really wanted? How is it different from

everything else on the market? Does it fulfil a need? Will it cost too

much to manufacture? Is it safe?

Emphasis on the customer makes design a formidable weapon for

any business. Companies have often designed their way out of

failure by creating a product that serves the customer's needs

better than its rivals'. Design delivered the operating-system

market to Microsoft, rescued Apple Computer and made Sony an

electronics giant. A Design Council study has shown that

design-led businesses on the FTSE 100 out-performed the index

by 25%.

Putting an emphasis on design brings creativity into an

organisation and increases the chance of producing

market-leading, mould-breaking products. As the sophistication of

the consumer and global competition increases, this becomes

more and more valuable.

Businesses are finding that they can no longer compete just by

slashing prices or upping the marketing budget. Innovation in the

form of design is the key to success.

Design and public services

Billions are poured into public services every year but, despite the

UK being home to a huge variety of top design talent, our best

designers are rarely involved in public sector work.

Design can help public services in a number of ways, from making

sure products and services meet the needs of users to increasing

innovation within organisations and bringing new perspectives to

issues such as procurement.

Refernces:

1. Archer, B (1973) “The Need for Design Education.” Royal College of Art

2. Jones, J.C. (1970) “Design Methods and Technology: Seeds of Human Futures”

Milti Hai Sai Naam-Latest Devotional Hindi Sai Baba Special New Bhajan O...

உடலில் இரத்த அணுக்களை அதிகரிக்கும் உணவுகள்!!!

 

உடல் ஆரோக்கியமாக இருக்க வேண்டுமென்றால், உடலில் இருக்கும் இரத்த அணுக்களின் எண்ணிக்கை அதிகமாக இருக்க வேண்டும். இல்லையென்றால் உடலில் நோய்கள் அதிகம் ஏற்படும் வாய்ப்புகள் அதிகமாகிவிடும். மேலும் இரத்த அணுக்களின் எண்ணிக்கை குறைவினால் ஏற்படும் நோய் தான் அனீமியா. ஆகவே அத்தகைய இரத்த அணுக்களை அதிகப்படுத்த எடுத்துக் கொள்ளும் மருந்து, உண்ணும் உணவுகளே. இரத்த அணுக்களை அதிகரிக்க அதிக ஊட்டச்சத்துக்கள் நிறைந்துள்ள உணவுகளை உண்ண வேண்டும். அத்தகைய உணவுகள் என்னவென்று படித்து தெரிந்து கொள்ளுங்களேன்...

இரத்தத்தை அதிகரிக்கும் உணவுகள்...

பீட்ரூட்: இதில் அதிகமான அளவு இரும்புச்சத்து இருப்பதோடு, உடலுக்கு தேவையான அளவு இரத்த அணுக்களை அதிகரிக்கும் புரோட்டீன் இருக்கிறது. மேலும் இதை உண்பதால் உடலில் இரத்த ஓட்டம் அதிகரிக்கும் மற்றும் இது ஒரு சிறந்த இரத்தத்தை சுத்தப்படுத்தும் உணவுப் பொருள். ஆகவே இதனை டயர் இருப்பவர்கள் தங்கள் உணவில் சேர்த்துக் கொண்டால் உடல் எடை குறைவதோடு, உடலில் இருக்கும் இரத்த அணுக்களும் அதிகரிக்கும். அதிலும் பீட்ரூட்டின் இலைகளில் வைட்டமின் ஏ-வும், அதன் வேர்களில் வைட்டமின் சி-யும் இருக்கின்றன.

கீரைகள்: காய்கறிகளான பசலைக் கீரை, ப்ராக்கோலி, முட்டைக்கோஸ், டர்னிப், காலிஃபிளவர், கீரை மற்றும் இனிப்பு உருளைக்கிழங்குகள் ஆகிய அனைத்தும் உடலுக்கு ஆரோக்கியமானவை. மேலும் இவை அனைத்தும் உடல் எடையை கட்டுபடுத்துவதுடன், உடலில் இரத்த அணுக்களையும் அதிகரிக்கும். அதிலும் கீரைகள் செரிமான மண்டலத்தை சரியாக இயங்கச் செய்யும்.

இரும்புச்சத்து: இது உடலுக்கு மிகவும் தேவையான கனிமச்சத்து. இந்த சத்து எலும்புகளை மட்டும் வலுவாக்குவதில்லை, உடலில் அனைத்து உறுப்புகளுக்கும் ஆக்ஸிஜனை விநியோகிக்கிறது. இந்த சத்து குறைவாக இருந்தால் அனீமியா நோயானது வரும். ஆகவே அந்த இரும்புச்சத்துக்கள் இறைச்சி, வெந்தயம், அஸ்பாரகஸ், பேரிச்சம் பழம், உருளைக்கிழங்கு, உலர்ந்த அத்திப்பழம், உலர் திராட்சை போன்றவற்றில் இருக்கும்.

பாதாம்: இரும்புச்சத்து மற்ற உணவுப் பொருட்களை விட பாதாம் பருப்பில் அதிகம் இருக்கிறது. ஒரு நாளைக்கு 1 அவுண்ஸ் பாதாம் பருப்பை சாப்பிட்டால், உடலுக்கு 6% இரும்புச்சத்தானது கிடைக்கும்.

பழங்கள்: அனீமியாவால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டவர்களை மருத்துவர்கள் பழங்கள் மற்றும் காய்கறிகளை சாப்பிடச் சொல்வார்கள். இவற்றை உண்பதால் உடலுக்கு ஊட்டச்சத்துக்கள் கிடைப்பதோடு, உடலில் உள்ள இரத்த அணுக்களின் அளவும் அதிகரிக்கும். மேலும் இரத்த ஓட்டத்தை மேம்படுத்த பழங்களில் தர்பூசணி, ஆப்பிள், திராட்சை, அத்திப்பழம் போன்றவற்றை அதிகம் உண்ண வேண்டும்.

மேற்கூறிய உணவுப் பொருட்களை உண்பதால் உடலில் இரத்த அணுக்களின் அளவு அதிகரிப்பதோடு, உடல் எடை அதிகரிக்காமல், உடலை எந்த ஒரு நோயும் தாக்காமல் ஆரோக்கியமாக வாழலாம்.

சிறப்பான கல்விக்கு 'ஹயக்ரீவர் வழிபாடு'

ஆடி அமாவாசையை போன்று ஆடிப் பவுர்ணமியும் 
மிகவும் சிறப்பு வாய்ந்தது. மகாவிஷ்ணுவின் 
குதிரை அவதாரமான ஹயக்ரீவர் அவதரித்த தினம் 
ஆடி பவுர்ணமிதான். இவர் சரஸ்வதியின் குரு என்று
புராணங்கள் கூறுகின்றன. கல்வியின் தெய்வமாகிய
சரஸ்வதியின் குருவாகிய ஹயக்ரீவரை தரிசிப்பதும்
அவரது துதிகளைச் சொல்வதும் குழந்தைகள் கல்வி
கலைகளில் சிறந்து விளக்க வழி வகுக்கும்.

இந்த ஹயக்ரீவர் ஸ்லோகத்தை குழந்தைகள்
காலை மாலை படிக்கத் தொடங்கும்முன் கூறுதல்
மிகவும் நல்லது. 
படிப்பும்,ஞானமும்பெற

ஓம் வாகீஸ்வராய வித்மஹே
ஹயக்ரீவாய தீமஹி
தன்னோ ஹம்ஸஹ் ப்ரசோதயாத்
ஞானானந்தமயம் தேவம்
நிர்மல ஸ்படி காக்ருதிம்

ஆதாரம் ஸர்வ வித்யானாம்
ஹயக்ரீவ முபாஸ்மஹே

PhD Scholarships in Robotics, Cognition and Interaction Technologies at combined Italian School of Technology (IIT) and University of Genova (UNIGE), Italy

This scholarship is shared by two Institutes in Genova city of Italy, one is University of Genova and other is Italian Institute of Technology, IIT at School of Life and Humanoid Technologies.

28^th cycle of PhD.

The projects proposed under this heading will be developed within the multidisciplinary environment of the "Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences" (RBCS) department of IIT (www.iit.it/rbcs ) At RBCS we are merging top-level neuroscience research and top-level robotics research by sharing fundamental scientific objectives in the field of action execution and interpretation (see RBCS list of publications as well as our international collaborations).

The research team at RBCS is composed of neuroscientists, engineers, psychologists, physicists working together to investigate brain functions and realize intelligent machines and advanced prosthesis.

RBCS is where the iCub humanoid robot is developed in all its mechanical, electronic, software and cognitive components but it is also the place where studies of how visual, haptic and tactile integration develops in normal as well as sensory-impaired children. RBCS is where technologies for implanted, in-vivo brain machine interface are developed but it is also the place where electrophysiological experiments are performed to realize bi-directional direct communication between the brain and artificial systems.

Scholarship Positions: 30 positions

Scholarship Amount

The scholarship amount is normally about 1300 Euros per month, it can be increased, but not sure yet.

Tuition fee and registration fee are exempted.

Last Date to Apply: 21 September, 2012.

Requirements:

The main requirements can be read at this web address:

http://www.studenti.unige.it/sites/www.studenti.unige.it/files/IIT%20PUBLIC%20NOTICE%2028_English%20def.pdf

But main thing is that, there is no specific requirement of IELETS, the English proficiency certificate from previous university can work.

How to apply: How to apply can be found out on this web link :

http://www.studenti.unige.it/sites/www.studenti.unige.it/files/IIT%20PUBLIC%20NOTICE%2028_English%20def.pdf

Where to apply : Online application: http://servizionline.unige.it/studenti/post-laurea/dottorato

Also check this link: http://www.studenti.unige.it/postlaurea/dottorati/xxviiiciclo/IITen

Research Themes

There are five research themes, under which more specific details can be found out, these research themes can be found here on this web link.

http://www.studenti.unige.it/sites/www.studenti.unige.it/files/Allegato%20A4%20Robotics%20Cognition%20and%20Interaction%20Technologies_V4%2019-7_1.doc

The main five research themes are :

This year's themes cover interdisciplinary areas of research and are grouped according to the scientific focus and not to the background of the applicants. Specifically we intend to foster interdisciplinary research activities in the areas of:

1. Manual and Postural Action
2. Perception during Action
3. Interaction with and between humans
4. Interfacing with the human body
5. Sensorimotor impairment, rehabilitation and assistive technologies

These can be further read at :http://www.studenti.unige.it/sites/www.studenti.unige.it/files/Allegato%20A4%20Robotics%20Cognition%20and%20Interaction%20Technologies_V4%2019-7_1.doc

For more details

Main page: http://www.studenti.unige.it/postlaurea/dottorati/xxviiiciclo/IITen

The project pages and online applying pages are on the webpages given above

With Best Regards

Waqar

waqarbaig85@gmail.com

Scholarship for Masters and PhD in Engineering and Sciences and Management at World's Top Ranked University, KAIST, Korea for Spring, 2013.

The Masters and PhD scholarship Opportunities at various disciplines of Engineering, Sciences and Management at a top ranking university, KAIST( Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology), South Korea for Spring, 2013.

The admission criteria of KAIST is tough and requires good competitive students as it one of the top ranked universities, so studying there gives your career long boost.

The disciplines are Electrical, computer, mechanical, civil, environmental, bio and brain, chemical, bimolecular, Ocean systems, Materials, Aerospace, Nuclear and Quantum, Industrial and systems braches of Engineering and Physics, chemistry, mathematics, Nano science & technology, Medical Science & Engineering, green transportation, culture and technology, web science and MBA, management engineering. See this link for details

http://admission.kaist.ac.kr/web/intl/2013-spring-semester

KAIST Scholarship

(i)                  Admission & tuition fee are exempted

(ii)                300,000 KRW (300 $) per month by university, (Except this amount, the professor offers amount which varies usually normally starts from 300 $)

(iii)               The health insurance covered by department or professor.

Last Dates to Apply

The dates are still remaining, I am sharing it before so that you can prepare yourself for it, such as English Proficiency tests i.e., IELETS, TOEIC, TOEFL

Last date to apply: The online application starts from September 3, 2012 to September, 26,2012.

The online system will open at September 3, so you cannot apply before it, so prepare your all given documents before it.

See this webpage in detail: http://admission.kaist.ac.kr/web/intl/2013-spring-semester

One Bottleneck: You have to pay the application fee of 50 $ or 50,000 KRW (KRW is Korean currency)

The methods to submit it are following

(i)                  Use credit card

(ii)                Use some friend in Korea to submit it on your behalf

(iii)               Use Dollar East or any other company of dealing in foreign currency exchange, who pays at your behalf

(iv)              Make foreign account in any bank and then pay using it.

Requirements to apply

You can easily see it in details on this webpage: http://admission.kaist.ac.kr/web/intl/2013-spring-semester

But the things mostly are degrees, recommendation letters, No financial statement is required if you apply for KAIST scholarship, proof or identity documents, English proficiency score, etc. You can check more on above link.

But the thing, I want to say is that

English scores are necessary as they require it, it is very rare chance that your English Proficiency certificate from parent university works, so do IELETS, TOEFL or even TOEIC (I hear , it is easy as taken by NTS) and IELETS 5.5 is enough.

The competition here is very high, so be competitive, so have good CGPA, or publications)

Tips to apply for Scholarship

(i)                  First of all, I will write down some general techniques, which should be used as these techniques will help you to  find the professor before admission and your chances of admission increase

BUT  in case, you dun get reply from professor, using the given below techniques, then still apply, as there is a chance still as these scholarship dun require PRE-Professor recommendation, so if you get in contact with the professor before using given below techniques, then well and good, but if not, then apply without it.

Optional Tips

First of all, you should search relevant professors of your choice and research interest. Then you should make a tailored made CV according to the interest of those relevant professors and send him/her that CV along with a short email stating your introduction and show your interest that you want to do master/Ph.D under his/her supervision. (Warnings: Do not do it haphazardly, just target one professor, whom work is relevant to your previous works or studies and do read again and again your CV and cover letter again and again, Be brief and to the point, check the professor relevancy with your previous studies, by using google and checking his publications or his website)

(Most Important warning: Do not include, your status of married or single or NIC card number in CV, no one needs it, dun include just internships /experiences names just, include the TECHNICAL details of work that you have done , rather than just names of internships/experiences. Also do not just include degrees such as bachelors/masters name, include also your explanation about grip of subjects /projects details also)

  

If a professor shows interest it means almost you have 99% chances that your admission is confirmed.

So, first of all, you should try to find "Faculty" => Professors profiles on the university website. Then what you have to do is:

1. Read all your major professors profiles, research interests and projects. (You can also find the research interests of professors by finding on Google their published research papers)

2. Make your CV research oriented and also easily readable and good looking. (Also according to the professor you choose to apply. Relate your previous work plus final year project with that professor's work and show him your interest in his work)

Important Note for Electronics plus Computer majors ( In Korea, professors like if you are good in programming languages and it is good if you have distinction in programming skills and you can show them)

3. Write an email. (Please be short in writing email, as professor has not so much times to read it fully just write main but few sentences)

4. Send your email and CV to as many professors as you can (keep in mind only interested professors may reply you, so don't be disappointed)

Note: If you are interested in any specific professor and he/she does not reply you then you must contact him/her by" telephone". Please keep in mind that many professors do not reply, so in that case, you must contact him/her by telephone.

Maybe if you face some trouble while opening Korean website then please installs "Korean" language pack. Also always open the Korean websites on Internet explorer and install google toolbar on it, to use google translator to translate whole page on it.

So, you can use above guide to increase your chances of admission before, but if you do not get reply from any professor, then do not worry, just apply without it, as reply from professor is not necessary for admissions here and Korean professors reply less and I hope you will get the admissions.

This scholarship is for both Masters and PhD for Spring, 2013

Please see the details at: http://admission.kaist.ac.kr/web/intl/2013-spring-semester

With Best Regards

Waqar

waqarbaig85@gmail.com

Scientists find how ocean stores carbon

CSIRO

Share on print A team of British and Australian scientists has discovered how carbon is drawn down from the surface of the Southern Ocean to the deep waters beneath. The Southern Ocean is an important carbon sink in the world – around 40 per cent of the annual global CO2 emissions absorbed by the world’s oceans enter through this region. "Now that we have an improved understanding of the mechanisms for carbon draw-down we are better placed to understand the effects of changing climate and future carbon absorption by the ocean." Dr Jean-Baptiste Sallée, British Antarctic Survey. Reporting this week in the journal Nature Geoscience, scientists from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and Australia’s national research agency, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), reveal that rather than carbon being absorbed uniformly into the deep ocean in vast areas, it is drawn down and locked away from the atmosphere by plunging currents a thousand kilometres wide. Winds, currents and massive whirlpools that carry warm and cold water around the ocean – known as eddies – create localised pathways or funnels for carbon to be stored. Lead author, Dr Jean-Baptiste Sallée from British Antarctic Survey says, “The Southern Ocean is a large window by which the atmosphere connects to the interior of the ocean below. Until now we didn’t know exactly the physical processes of how carbon ends up being stored deep in the ocean. It’s the combination of winds, currents and eddies that create these carbon-capturing pathways drawing waters down into the deep ocean from the ocean surface.” “Now that we have an improved understanding of the mechanisms for carbon draw-down we are better placed to understand the effects of changing climate and future carbon absorption by the ocean.” CSIRO co-author, Dr Richard Matear says the rate-limiting step in the anthropogenic carbon uptake by the ocean is the physical transport from the surface into the ocean interior. “Our study identifies these pathways for the first time and this matches well with observationally–derived estimates of carbon storage in the ocean interior,” Dr Matear says. Due to the size and remote location of the Southern Ocean, scientists have only recently been able to explore the workings of the ocean with the help of small robotic probes – known as Argo floats. In 2002, 80 floats were deployed in the Southern Ocean to collect information on the temperature and salinity. This unique set of observations spanning 10 years has enabled scientists to investigate this remote region of the world for the first time. The floats are just over a metre in length and dive to depths of 2km. Today, there are over 3,000 floats in the oceans worldwide providing detailed information used in oceanic climate models. The team also analysed temperature, salinity and pressure data collected from ship-based observations since the 1990s. The instrument used for this is called a CTD profiler which is a cluster of sensors taking measurements as it’s lowered deep down into the ocean to depths of more than 7km. The work was supported through the Wealth from Oceans and Australian Climate Change Science Programs, and the Australian Government’s Cooperative Research Centre program. Editor's Note: Original news release can be found here.

Learning patterns aid computers

CHARLES STURT UNIVERSITY

Share on print Patterns needed to help computers think better have been investigated by an international research group including a Charles Sturt University (CSU) expert, with the results reported in the latest issue of the international journalNature Scientific Reports.   The results come from ten years of collaboration between the Director of CSU’s Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Professor Terry Bossomaier, and the University of Sydney.   “We want to understand how shifts in paradigm occur in human thinking. These shifts occur in individuals when they reach their performance in such areas as mathematics or finance. In societies they occur as knowledge grows and attitudes change,” Professor Bossomaier said.   “One challenge we faced was to find ways of measuring these shifts. We decided to use the ancient oriental game of Go and study how experts in Go use patterns to remember strategies for the game, and how these might be simulated in a computer program.   “Computers are currently quite good at face recognition, but voice and speech processing still have some way to go. In areas of what we call ‘thinking’, particularly common sense, computers are still quite weak,” Professor Bossomaier said.   “One big difference between human thinking and current computational intelligence is that we use a big library of patterns we build up over the years to give us a fast intuitive grasp of a situation.   “The great cognitive scientist Herbert Simon, who won the Nobel Prize for Economics, recognised this as needing to build up chunks of little patterns, and needing at least 50,000 of these to reach expert level at anything. We now think it is more than 100,000 patterns.”   The research project aimed to develop a deeper understanding of how these chunks are gained and how they change with experience.   “We also wanted to capture decisions made in the real world, without the restrictive effects of being in an artificial experiment. We decided to do this by capturing the moves made in high level games played online, such as Go,” Professor Bossomaier said.   Chess was the domain of study for human expertise, but after the Deep Blue computer defeated then World Champion Gary Kasparov in 1997, interest has turned to other games of skill.   “Go is as old as Chess and is played extensively in Asia, especially in Japan and Korea. Human players are still much better than computers. This is an excellent game to study to learn more about what humans do really well,” he said.   The first phase of the research showed that people's knowledge undergoes dramatic reorganisation when they move from amateur to professional rank.   “The change takes place not just in the areas of ‘deep strategy’, where one would expect the big gains to be, but also there is a radical reorganisation at the perceptual level,” Professor Bossomaier said. “It's a bit like acquiring a good accent in a foreign language. At quite a young age, the sounds of one's first language get set and are very difficult to change later.   “The perceptual templates we found for Go are akin to the ‘phonemes’ or sounds of a language. But unlike language, we found that these low-level templates do change with many years of practice.”   Professor Bossomaier believes this also has major implications for education. “Getting the building blocks right is the key to developing expertise. If we can find these blocks, the templates used by the superstars, we might be able to build them into the early training of professionals. “Computer games are also being increasingly used in education and training. Insights from studying the most difficult games such as Go can also be fed back into more serious games,” he said. Editor's Note: Original news release can be found here.

New hope for challenging kids

THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY

Share on print Parents of young children who show extreme behaviour problems and a lack of empathy or remorse may find new hope from research at the University of Sydney. "We found that the quality of a parent's emotional interaction and attachment with a young child is crucial to predicting if that child will develop this high-risk pattern of behaviour," said Dr David Hawes, the research leader from the School of Psychology at the University. "Based on our findings we can now test early-intervention strategies to help these parents and their children." Children who from an early age show a fearless temperament and do not show interest in other people's emotions, especially when they are upset or in need of help, are known to researchers as having "callous-unemotional" (CU) traits. These children typically also lack guilt or concern about behaviours that would produce guilt in most children. "While most children with conduct problems do not show CU traits, those who do are at greater risk for ongoing problems - particularly aggression. These children are indifferent to punishment for poor behaviour and in fact the more severe the punishment the worse the behaviour becomes," said Dr Hawes. Callous-unemotional behaviour has been shown to be a strong indicator of psychopathic behaviour and violent crime in adulthood. Dr Hawes and his colleagues have just completed a four-year study, funded through the Australian Research Centre, looking at children aged two to four with CU traits. The research was unusual in concentrating on very young children and being based primarily on direct observation. It used video analysis to evaluate the quality of interactions and attachment between mothers and children. "The study suggests that the emotional bonds between mothers and their children strongly predict if they will show high levels of CU traits, as well as conduct problems," said Dr Hawes. Until recently the quality of a child's parenting was not believed to have an impact on either callous-unemotional or the behaviour of children with such traits, but this research suggests that strengthening the emotional bonds between parents and their infants can make a difference. "While CU characteristics seem to be largely under the control of genetics if a child receives consistent and warm parenting in a secure family environment it can protect against those traits. This aspect of parenting is still relevant in terms of influencing the traits even though it is not the cause. "In fact its protective effects - its ability to prevent the development of aggressive and oppositional behaviour - also appear to be strongest for children with the highest level of CU traits." The main implication of the study is that CU children benefit less from current parenting interventions for conduct problems because they are focused on reducing negative parenting instead of on the quality of the parenting relationship. "While research with older children and adolescents has previously shown that CU traits are associated with more severe behaviour problems regardless of harsh and inconsistent discipline, our research suggests that this may not be the case in early childhood. Most importantly however, we found that it was only among the CU children that having an emotionally warm relationship protected against conduct problems." The researchers now plan to evaluate programs specifically aimed at improving quality of attachment by employing strategies shown by the current study to be highly beneficial. They include emphasising eye contact during emotional interactions, giving the child language to express emotion and the skills to identify emotion in other people. "Parents with very difficult-to-handle children might be told it is a phase - the terrible twos - but that does not apply for children at risk of antisocial behaviour. For them the earlier we can address the issue the better. "For our research we were in the privileged position of being able to work with Karitane, one of the only community health services in the world which specialises in clinically significant behaviour problems in very young children." Editor's Note: Original news release can be found here.