Monday, May 16, 2011

A core component of mindfulness is non-judgmental observation of internal and external stimuli. The present study investigated the effect of mindfulness on memory for emotional stimuli. Participants were exposed to a brief mindfulness intervention and subsequently performed a verbal learning test consisting of positive, neutral, and negative words. Control participants received no intervention and directly performed the verbal learning test. After 20 min, participants recalled as many words as possible. Participants in the mindfulness condition remembered a significantly lower proportion of negative words compared to control participants. No differences between both groups were observed for the proportion of remembered positive words. These findings suggest that memory processes may be a potential mechanism underlying the link between mindfulness and subjective well-being.

Keywords Mindfulness – Memory – Recall – Bias – Well-being

Introduction

Mindfulness has been conceptualized as “the non-judgmental observation of the ongoing stream of internal and external stimuli as they arise” Baer (2003, p. 125). Mounting evidence suggests a clear unidirectional link between mindfulness and positive subjective experience. For instance, a study by Frewen et al. (2007) showed that higher levels of dispositional mindfulness were related to fewer negative automatic thoughts. In addition, mood and affective processes have been found to improve after participation in mindfulness-based stress reduction programs (Nyklícek and Kuijpers 2008; see also Brown and Ryan 2003). Today, the vast majority studies on mindfulness are field studies with clinical populations including individuals with eating, mood, anxiety, or personality disorders (Bach and Hayes 2002; Campbell-Sills et al. 2006; Levit et al. 2004). Although these studies demonstrate the benefits of mindfulness-based practice, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the effects of mindfulness on well-being. A potential mechanism underlying this effect may be the alteration of memory for emotional information. Rather than focusing on ways to alter or avoid stimuli, the emphasis in mindfulness is on allowance and acceptance, thereby changing one’s relationship to stimuli. Mindfulness draws on the ability to remain aware, irrespective of the apparent valence of states or stimuli, which may alter their impact on memory. The present study was designed to address the effect of mindful awareness on memory for positively and negatively valenced stimuli, using a laboratory setting.

In general, people tend to recognize a greater proportion of emotional information than emotionally neutral information (for a review, see Buchanan and Adolphs 2002; Hamann 2001). At a neural level, this finding has been associated with activity of the amygdala and related limbic areas. Previous studies reveal that activity in the amygdala is significantly greater for positive and negative stimuli (relative to neutral stimuli), which implies that emotional, but not neutral, stimuli are processed by the amygdala (Garavan et al. 2001; Hamann and Mao 2002). In line with this, depressed individuals have been found to have superior recall of negative, compared with positive, information (Matt et al. 1992), a finding that has been related to dysfunctional amygdala activity (Drevets et al. 2002). For instance, a neuroimaging study by Siegle et al. (2007) found that depressive patients, compared with health control participants, showed hyperactivity of the amygdala when exposed to emotional stimuli.

So far, to our knowledge, no studies have directly addressed the link between mindfulness and memory processes. Recently, however, a study by Way et al. (2010) on the neural relationship between mindfulness and depression provided indirect evidence for a possible impact of mindfulness on memory. This study revealed that amygdala reactivity was positively related to depressive symptomatology and negatively correlated with dispositional mindfulness. When exposed to emotional stimuli, participants high in trait mindfulness showed relatively low amygdala reactivity. Given the fact that people tend to recognize emotional information better than emotionally neutral information, which has been linked to greater activity of the amygdala, the findings of Way et al. (2010) may imply that the reduced amygdala reactivity in mindfulness during exposure to emotional stimuli may attenuate the enhanced memory effect for emotional stimuli.

Moreover, from a more cognitive perspective, it seems plausible that mindful awareness can influence memory for emotional events. According to interactive cognitive subsystems (ICS) model (Teasdale and Barnard 1993), it is the explicit encoding of the emotional aspects of to-be-remembered stimuli that is responsible for emotional memory biases. Congruent with this assumption, a study by Ridout et al. (2009) revealed that, when the explicit processing of the emotional content of stimuli was reduced, no memory biases were observed. In this study, depressed individuals were exposed to a series of photographs consisting of emotional faces and were instructed to identify the gender (non-emotional encoding) of the individuals featured in the photographs. The results showed that, when this instruction was given, the consistently demonstrated enhanced memory effect for sad faces among this group was not observed. Likewise, mindful awareness may also reduce explicit processing of the emotional content of stimuli. Mindfulness is characterized by awareness without evaluation or judgment. In case of emotionally valenced stimuli, the absence of a negative or positive judgment may reduce the subjectively experienced negativity or positivity of a stimulus. Consequently, the previously discussed enhanced memory effect for emotional stimuli (Buchanan and Adolphs 2002; Hamann 2001) may be less pronounced when people are in a mindful mode of experiencing.

In order to test this prediction, participants were exposed to a brief mindfulness intervention and subsequently performed a verbal learning test consisting of positive, neutral, and negative words. Control participants did not receive this intervention and directly performed the verbal learning test. After 20 min, all participants were requested to recall as many words as possible.

Source: Springer [Open Access Paper]
http://www.springerlink.com/content/d747650225032854/fulltext.html

Posted by
Robert Karl Stonjek

I control therefore I am: chimps self-aware, says study

That Goering was a wonderful husband and father does not exclude him from being evil. Is your idea that before one can be classified as Evil,that the person must be evil in every aspect of his life? If this were the case even the Germans would not have supported him. These despots must show some semblance of normality in order to seduce others into their way of thinking. Take Manson as an example. Hitler's main priority was not wealth, although he did organize for the great european artworks to be stored until his final glory. That America provided qudos and refuge for these refuse german scientists is an indightment on their own morality, as is the refuge provided by the Red Cross and the Vatican for these monsters who lived out their lives in comfort in South America.

That the german medicos carried out experiments in itself perhaps understandable, but they carried them out without any anaesthesia is not only evil, but verging on necromancy. Their victims were live human guinea pigs.

Hitler was driven by an ego maniac belief in eugenics and a total misrepresentation of what HPB said on races. He believed the Aryans to be Germans, when in fact she herself stated that the Aryans were composed of Hindu, Ario-semites, Iranians, Celts, Teutons, and for which she has since been labelled a racist.

Serial Killers do not kill for money they kill for power and revenge, which is what Hitler did, but on a far grander scale.

Cass

RKS:I was pointing out the flaw in assuming that someone who does evil is necessarily 'evil to the core', so to speak, a point which you seem to be well on top of.

One should never allow, say, Hitler's genial nature outside of politics to mitigate his crimes. Indeed, a person that does act much the same in all domains is probably insane.

In the USA, communism and everything associated with it was deemed to be evil. That means that they rejected even the good ideas that the communists had and reject any initiative that can be linked to communism eg universal healthcare. This is simply a case of cutting off your nose to spite your face and is the exact opposite to the behaviour we would anticipate from an enlightened being.

One's evil acts and general behaviour are separate, that is the point. We should not judge their evil acts in the light of their otherwise genial character and likewise, we should not judge their actions outside of the evil in light of the acts committed ~ they are separate.

In doing this we would not be as surprised to find the smiley faced helpful neighbour to be responsible for serial murder because we don't assume that evil in one domain necessarily means evil in all domains. But many (most?) people fall into this trap and when the majority are deluded in this way then the door is open for the next Hitler to rise to power.

Robert

Tiny variation in one gene may have led to crucial changes in human brain

Tiny variation in 1 gene may have led to crucial changes in human brain

On the left, the occipital region of a normal human brain is circled. On the right, the same area of the brain of a subject with mutation of LAMC3 gene is smooth, and lacks normal folds and convolutions. Credit: courtesy of Yale University
The human brain has yet to explain the origin of one its defining features – the deep fissures and convolutions that increase its surface area and allow for rational and abstract thoughts.
An international collaboration of scientists from the Yale School of Medicine and Turkey may have discovered humanity's beneficiary – a tiny variation within a single gene that determines the formation of brain convolutions – they report online May 15 in the journal Nature Genetics.
A genetic analysis of a Turkish patient whose brain lacks the characteristic convolutions in part of his cerebral cortex revealed that the deformity was caused by the deletion of two genetic letters from 3 billion in the human genetic alphabet. Similar variations of the same gene, called laminin gamma3 (LAMC3), were discovered in two other patients with similar abnormalities.
"The demonstration of the fundamental role of this gene in human brain development affords us a step closer to solve the mystery of the crown jewel of creation, the cerebral cortex," said Murat Gunel, senior author of the paper and the Nixdorff-German Professor of Neurosurgery, co-director of the Neurogenetics Program and professor of genetics and neurobiology at Yale.
The folding of the brain is seen only in mammals with larger brains, such as dolphins and apes, and is most pronounced in humans. These fissures expand the surface area of the cerebral cortex and allow for complex thought and reasoning without taking up more space in the skull. Such foldings aren't seen in mammals such as rodents or other animals. Despite the importance of these foldings, no one has been able to explain how the brain manages to create them. The LAMC3 gene – involved in cell adhesion that plays a key role in embryonic development – may be crucial to the process.
An analysis of the gene shows that it is expressed during the embryonic period that is vital to the formation of dendrites, which form synapses or connections between brain cells. "Although the same gene is present in lower organisms with smooth brains such as mice, somehow over time, it has evolved to gain novel functions that are fundamental for human occipital cortex formation and its mutation leads to the loss of surface convolutions, a hallmark of the human brain," Gunel said.
Provided by Yale University
"Tiny variation in one gene may have led to crucial changes in human brain." May 15th, 2011. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-05-tiny-variation-gene-crucial-human.html
Posted by
Robert Karl Stonjek

Morning Motivation

When I woke up this morning lying in bed,

I was asking myself;

What are some of the secrets of success in life?

I found the answer right there,

in my very room.

AND NOT TO FORGET,

THE CARPET SAID...

KNEEL DOWN AND PRAY.

Carry a Heart that Never Hates.

Carry a Smile that Never Fades.

Carry a Touch that Never Hurts..

HAVE A PURPOSEFUL DAY

'God Blesses Us To Be A Blessing Unto Others'

அள்ள அள்ளப் பணம் வர எந்த மந்திரம் ஜெபிக்கலாம் ?

விநாயகரின் மூல மந்திரம்
ஓம் ஸ்ரீம் ஹ்ரீம் க்லீம் க்லெளம் கங்கணபதயே
வரவரத ஸ்ர்வ ஜனம்மே வசமினய ஸ்வாஹா
இருபத்தெட்டு அட்சரங்களை உடைய இம்மந்திரம் பலவிதமான சக்திகளையும், சித்திகளையும் அளிக்கவல்லது.செல்வம், பூமி, ஆகர்ஷணம், வசியம், குண்டலி வின்யாசம் முதலிய அனேக சித்திகள் இம்மந்திர ஜபத்தால் கைகூடும்.

அருகம்புல், தாமரை, வில்வதளம், செவ்வரளி போன்ற நறுமணம் உடைய புஷ்பங்களால் விநாயகரை பூஜை செய்தால் செல்வச் செழிப்பும் ஞானவளமும் கைகூடும். செல்வத்திறவுகோலாக இம்மந்திர உபாசனை நிகழ்ந்து வந்துள்ளது.

கணபதியை மட்டும் வழிபடுபவர்கள் கணபதி உபாசகர்கள் என அழைக்கப்படுகிறார்கள். கர்ண வழிபாடு என்று இதைக் கூறுவர். கணபதி உபாசகர்கள் கருப்பு, நீலம் போன்ற வண்ண ஆடைகளை அணிவதைத் தவிர்க்க வேண்டும்.சிவப்பு, பொன் வண்ண உடைகள் மிகவும் ஏற்றவை. துளசியை இவர்கள் கிள்ளக் கூடாது.துளசியை விநாயகருக்கு அணிவிக்கக்கூடாது.

கணபதி மந்திரங்களை பிரம்ம முகூர்த்த வேளை எனப்படும் அதிகாலை 4.30 முதல் 6.00க்குள் ஜபிப்பது மிக நன்று என கணேச உத்தர தாயினி உபநிஷத்தில் கூறப்பட்டுள்ளது.

விநாயகரை தேய்பிறை சதுர்த்தி தோறும் வழிபடுவது சங்கடகர சதுர்த்தி என்று வழங்கப்படும்.அதுவும் அந்நாளில் வன்னிமரத்தடியில் வழிபடுவது மிக நன்று. மாசி மாதம் வரும் சதுர்த்தி செவ்வாய்க்கிழமையன்று(தகுந்த ஜோதிடரை அணுகி உரிய நாளை அறிக) துவங்கி ஓராண்டு சங்கடஹர சதுர்த்தியை மாதந்தோறும் பின்பற்றிவர வேண்டும்.இதனை செவ்வாய்க் கிரக அதிபதி பின்பற்றினார்.

வன்னிமர விநாயகருக்கு அரிசி போடுவதன் மூலம் , நீங்கள் ஏழரை சனி, அஷ்டமச் சனி இலிருந்து தப்பிக்கலாம். இதைப் பற்றி நாம் ஏற்கனவே கூறியிருந்தோம்.

உச்சிஷ்ட கணபதி மந்திரம்

ஓம் நமோ பகவதே ஏகதம்ஷ்ட்ராய
ஹஸ்தி முகாய,லம்போதராய
உச்சிஷ்ட மகாத்மனே ஆம் ஹ்ரேம் ஹ்ரீம்
கம் கேகே ஸ்வாஹா

வேப்பங்குச்சி, ஊமத்தம்பூ,நெய் இவைகளால் இவருக்கு ஹோமம் செய்ய வேண்டும்.

கடன் தீர கணபதி மந்திரம்

ஓம் கணேசருணம் சிந்தி வரேண்யம் ஹீம் பட்ஸ்வாஹா
ஹே பார்வதி புத்ரா ருணம் நாசம் கரோதுமே
ஸ்ரீம் ஹ்ரீம் க்லீம் அபீஷ்ட சித்திம்மே தேஹி சரணாகத வத்ஸல
பக்த்யா ஸமர்ப்பயே துப்யம் ஸ்வாஹா
ஸ்ரீசக்ரேசாய ஸ்ரீமகா கணபதயே ஸ்வாஹா

கருங்காலி குச்சியால் கணபதி ஹோமம் செய்ய எவ்வளவு பெரியளவில் கடன் இருந்தாலும் அது மிக விரைவாக தீர்ந்துவிடும்.

மஹாஹஸ்தி விநாயகர்

பெரிய துதிக்கையை உடைய இவர் பெரும் தனத்தை (அதாவது கோடிக்கணக்கில் ரூபாய்களாக) அள்ளி வீசுபவராக இருக்கிறார்.
அப்படி நமக்க இவரது அருள் கிடைக்க பின்வரும் மந்திரத்தை லட்ச உருவேற்றினால் போதும்.நமது பாவங்களும் தீரும்.செல்வமும் ஞானமும் நமக்குக் கிடைத்துவிடும்.

ஓம் ஆதூன இந்த்ர க்ஷீமந்தம் சித்ரம் க்ராபம் ஸ்ங்க்ருபாய
மஹாஹஸ்தி தக்ஷ்ணேன

வாஞ்சா கல்பலதா கணபதி

நமது சகல விருப்பங்களையும் அள்ளி வழங்குவதால் இவருக்கு வாஞ்சை கணபதி என்ற பெயர் ஏற்பட்டது.

பின்வரும் மந்திரம் 100 கோடி சூரியனுக்குச் சமமானதாகும். தகுந்த குரு உபதேசம் மூலமாக இந்த மந்திரத்தை தினமும் ஜபித்துவரவும். நீங்கள் நினைத்ததெல்லாம் நிறைவேறும்.

http://www.rmdhar.com/images2/resized/ganapati_visarjan_1rs.jpg

ஓம் ஸ்ரீம் ஹ்ரீம் க்லீம் க்லெளம் கம்
ஐம் கஏஈ லஹ்ரீம்
தத்ஸவிதர் வரேண்யம் கணபதயே
க்லீம் ஹஸகஸல ஹ்ரீம் பர்க்கோ தேவஸ்யதீமஹீ
வரவரத சவு ஸஹல ஹ்ரீம்
த்யோயோநப்ர சோதயாத்
ஸர்வ ஜனம்மே வசமானய ஸ்வாஹா

Global energy savings begin at home (Science Alert)

கனவை அறிவோமா ? படித்தது

1) சிலர் கனவை கறுப்புவெள்ளையில் மாத்திரமே காணமுடியும் தெரியுமா ?
அவர்கள்   கனவு காண்பதில் மட்டும் வண்ணக் குருடு உள்ளவர்கள்
சுமார் 12 % மக்கள் காணும்   கனவில் வண்ணக் குருடு உள்ளவர்களாம் .
ஆனால் 1915 ---1950 வரை பெரும்பாலானவர்கள் கருப்பு வெள்ளையில் தான் கனவு கண்டனராம் .
அப்போது கலர் டீ வீ , மற்றும் கலர் படங்கள் இல்லாது தான் காரணமாக இருக்கும் என நினைக்கிறார்கள் .
வெளிப்புற நகழ்வுகள் எப்படி நம் கனவைப் பாதிக்கிறது பார்த்தீர்களா ?

நான் பெரும்பாலும் படுத்துக்கொண்டே படித்துக் கொண்டு அப்படியே சிறிது நேரம் தூங்குவேன் ,
பிறகு மீண்டும் படிப்பேன் அப்போதெல்லாம் மூக்குக் கண்ணாடியை கழற்றாமலே
தூங்குவதைப் பார்த்து என்மனைவி வினவும்( அதட்டும் ) போதெல்லாம் ,கண்ணாடி இல்லாமல் காணும் கனவெல்லாம்
தெளிவாகத் தெரிய மாடேன் என்கிறது என்று நகைச்சுவை
அடிப்பதுண்டு .ஆனால் அதிலும் ஒரு உண்மை இருக்கிறது

2) நாம் காணும் கனவில் வரும் நபர்கள் எல்லாம் நிஜ மனிதர்களாம் .என்றோ நாம் நேரில் கண்டவர்களைத்தான் நமது கனவிலும் வரமுடியுமாம் .
நமது மூளைக்கு புதியமுகங்களைக் கனவுக்காக உருவாக்க முடியாதாம் .
எனவே பார்க்கும் நபர்கள் உங்கள் நண்பர்களோ அல்லாது அறிமுகம் இல்லாதவர்களோ இருக்கலாம் .
சிலரை நேற்று பார்த்திருக்கலாம் சிலரை பத்தாண்டுக்கு முன் கூடப் பார்த்திருக்கலாம் .
ஆனால் அவர்கள் கலவையாக ஒன்றாக வருவார்கள் .ஆனால் அனைவரும் நிஜ முகமே .

3) நாம் காணும் கனவில் பெரும்பாலானவை நமக்கு நினைவில் இருப்பதில்லை .
சுமார் 95 % கனவுகள் நமக்கு மறந்து போகின்றன . நாம் கனவு காணும் போது நமது மூலையில் நினைவுகளை நீண்டகால நினைவுகளாக மாற்றக்கூடிய ரசாயனம் சுரப்பதில்லை . குறுகியகால நினைவு மட்டுமே சாத்தியம் .ஆனாலும் சிலகனவுகள் தப்பிப பிழைத்து விடுகின்றன . ஆனாலும் அவை பெரும்பாலும் சரியாக இருப்பதில்லை . அதை சேமிக்க ஒரே வழி ,விழித்த உடனேயே எதிலாவது எழுதி வைத்து விடுவதுதான் .

4) ஆண்கள் காணும் கனவுகளில் பெரும்பாலும் ஆண்களே அதிகம் வருவார்களாம்
அவர்களின் கனவுகளில்   70 %     ஆண்களே இடம் பெறுகிறார்களாம் .பெண்களின் கனவுகளில் சரிசமமாக ஆண்களும் பெண்களும் இடம் பெறுகிறார்களாம் .இவ்வாறு சொல்லப்படுகிறது. மெய்யான்னு சொன்னாத்தான் தெரியும்

5) கனவு காண தூக்கம் அவசியமா என்றால் இல்லை .
நாம் தூங்கும்போது மட்டும் கனவு காண்பதில்லை.
நம்மை மறந்து ஓய்வு நிலையில் சிறிதளவு விழிப்புடன் இருக்கும்போதுகூட
ஏதோ காட்சிகள் நம் முன் விரிகின்றன. திடீரென ஏதோ கனவு கண்டோமே என்று திடுக்கிட்டு விழிக்கிறோம். கனவு என்று கூறுவதா காட்சி என்று கூறுவதா ?

6) தூங்கும் போது இரண்டு மணி நேரமாவது அயர்ந்து தூங்கும் போது கனவு காண்கிறோம் .
அதில் நாலு முதல் ஏழு கனவுகள் நிச்சயம் உண்டு ஆனால் மூலையில் நினைவுக்கு வேண்டிய ரசாயனம் சுரக்காததால் நாம்   கலப்படமாக குழப்பமாக நினைவு கூறுகிறோம் .

7) கனவில் காட்சிகள் மாத்திரம் நடப்பதில்லை கூடவே உணர்ச்சிகளும் கலந்தே நிகழ்கின்றன
காட்சிகளுடன் உணர்வும் சேர்வதால் ஒரு த்ரீ டீ படம் பார்த்தது போல் மனம்
தடுமாறுகிறது .

8) சங்கக் காலத்தில் இருந்து பாடல்களில் கனவு பற்றி குறிப்பு இருக்கிறது அதை பற்றி தமிழர்கள் நுணுக்கி ஆய்ந்திருக்கிறார்கள் .

ஒன்று மட்டும் நிச்சயம் நான் காணும் அத்தனை கனவுகளிலும் நாம் தான் கதாநாயகன்
நம்மைப்பற்றியே ,நம்மை சுற்றியே அத்தனையும்.

கனவுகளுடன்
ஜெ. ஸ்டாலின்

Ergonomic Video

As time goes by, it gets tougher to 'just remember this'

May 13th, 2011 in Neuroscience
Brain

The older we get, the more difficulty we seem to have remembering things. We reassure ourselves that our brains' "hard drives" are too full to handle the new information that comes in daily. But a Johns Hopkins neuroscientist suggests that our aging brains are unable to process this information as "new" because the brain pathways leading to the hippocampus become degraded over time. As a result, our brains cannot accurately "file" new information. It's something we just accept: the fact that the older we get, the more difficulty we seem to have remembering things. We can leave our cars in the same parking lot each morning, but unless we park in the same space each and every day, it's a challenge eight hours later to recall whether we left the SUV in the second or fifth row. Or, we can be introduced to new colleagues at a meeting and will have forgotten their names before the handshake is over. We shrug and nervously reassure ourselves that our brains' "hard drives" are just too full to handle the barrage of new information that comes in daily.
According to a Johns Hopkins neuroscientist, however, the real trouble is that our aging brains are unable to process this information as "new" because the brain pathways leading to the hippocampus -- the area of the brain that stores memories -- become degraded over time. As a result, our brains cannot accurately "file" new information (like where we left the car that particular morning), and confusion results.
"Our research uses brain imaging techniques that investigate both the brain's functional and structural integrity to demonstrate that age is associated with a reduction in the hippocampus's ability to do its job, and this is related to the reduced input it is getting from the rest of the brain," said Michael Yassa, assistant professor of psychological and brain sciences in Johns Hopkins' Krieger School of Arts and Sciences. "As we get older, we are much more susceptible to 'interference' from older memories than we are when we are younger."
In other words, when faced with an experience similar to what it has encountered before, such as parking the car, our brain tends to recall old information it already has stored instead of filing new information and being able to retrieve that. The result? You can't find your car immediately and find yourself wandering the parking lot.
"Maybe this is also why we tend to reminisce so much more as we get older: because it is easier to recall old memories than make new ones," Yassa speculated.
The study appears in the May 9 Early Online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Yassa and his team used MRI scans to observe the brains of 40 healthy young college students and older adults, ages 60 to 80, while these participants viewed pictures of everyday objects such as pineapples, test tubes and tractors and classified each -- by pressing a button -- as either "indoor" or "outdoor." (The team used three kinds of MRI scans in the study: structural MRI scans, which detect structural abnormalities; functional MRI scans, which document how hard various regions of the brain work during tasks; and diffusion MRIs, which monitor how well different regions of the brain communicate by tracking the movement of water molecules along pathways.)
Some of the pictures were similar but not identical, and others were markedly different. The team used functional MRI to watch the hippocampus when participants saw items that were exactly the same or slightly different to ascertain how this region of the brain classified that item: as familiar or not.
"Pictures had to be very distinct from each other for an older person's hippocampus to correctly classify them as new. The more similar the pictures were, the more the older person's hippocampus struggled to do this. A young person's hippocampus, on the other hand, treated all of these similar pictures as new," Yassa explained.
Later, the participants viewed a series of completely new pictures (all different) and again were asked to classify them as either "indoor" or "outdoor." A few minutes later, the researchers presented the participants with the new set of pictures and asked whether each item was "old," "new" or "similar."
"The 'similar' response was the critical response for us, because it let us know that participants could distinguish between similar items and knew that they're not identical to the ones they'd seen before," Yassa said. "We found that older adults tended to have fewer 'similar' responses and more 'old' responses instead, indicating that they could not distinguish between similar items."
Yassa said that this inability among older adults to recognize information as "similar" to something they had seen recently is linked to what is known as the "perforant pathway," which directs input from the rest of the brain into the hippocampus. The more degraded the pathway, the less likely the hippocampus is to store similar memories as distinct from old memories.
"We are now closer to understanding some of the mechanisms that underlie memory loss with increasing age," Yassa said. "These results have possible practical ramifications in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, because the hippocampus is one of the places that deteriorate very early in the course of that disease."
The team's next step would be to conduct clinical trials in early Alzheimer's disease patients using the mechanisms that they have isolated as a way to measure the efficacy of therapeutic medications.
"Basically, we will now be able to investigate the effect of a drug on hippocampal function and pathway integrity," he said. "If the drug slows down pathway degradation and hippocampal dysfunction, it's possible that it could delay the onset of Alzheimer's by five to 10 years, which may be enough for a large proportion of older adults to not get the disease at all. This would be a huge breakthrough in the field."
More information: http://www.pnas.or … 5/1101567108
Provided by Johns Hopkins University
"As time goes by, it gets tougher to 'just remember this'." May 13th, 2011. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-05-tougher.html
Comment:
When you first arrive at the old folks home you wear a name tag to benefit others...later, it is to benefit you.
Posted by
Robert Karl Stonjek

Without gene patents people will die

By Anna Lavelle A bill, known as the 'Patent Amendment (Human Genes and Biological Materials) Bill 2010' was introduced to the Senate late last year and immediately referred to a new Senate Inquiry. The Bill's contents have escalated concerns about this long-running and complex debate.

If the legislative amendment is progressed in its current form, researchers, industry and the legal fraternity have grave concerns that it would have far-reaching and unintended consequences for patient access to novel therapies, tests, vaccines, and even medical devices. Moving way beyond the banning of patents for genes, the Bill's impact will also be felt across diverse sectors of the Australian community including those focused on agriculture and animal productionand health, the development of high-yield crops, solutions to climate change and bioremediation.

Undeniably the hope of every Australian would be for a world-class health system that provided timely, safe and cost-effective access to essential treatments and life-enhancing medicines and technologies. Yet these hopes will be crushed by the Bill, as it will discourage innovation and investment in scientific and medical R&D in this country and thereby diminish or deny access to the longed-for cures and treatments for illness and disease.

AusBiotech is working to demonstrate the consequences and effects of a ban on the patenting of genes and other biological materials to governments, parliamentarians, policy-makers and the general public. The Amendment would exclude from patentability "biological materials…whether isolated or purified or not and however made, which are identical or substantially identical to such materials as they exist in nature."

Sponsors and supporters of the Bill claim that its purpose is to "advance medical and scientific research and…cure human illness and disease…by enabling free and unfettered access to biological materials…"but we challenge how that can be possible.

While no doubt well intentioned, we believe the Bill has missed the fundamental point. The exclusion of biological materials from patentable subject matter will not address the concerns being expressed by the Australian community. For example, patient access to the BRCA diagnostic test (or to any other potentially-life changing test for that matter) will not be improved by banning patents on biological materials because the patent for the test itself will still exist.

In Australia today naturally-occurring phenomena such as genes are already considered discoveries, not inventions, and therefore are not patentable subject matter. Yet we are perplexed by the suggested amendments to the Patents Act 1990, which is already crystal clear on the point that the mere identification of a new gene is not sufficient to secure a patent. The existing law requires patent applicants to provide substantive evidence about their technology in support of its novelty, utility and inventiveness. Without reservation, we are in favour of the rigorous and consistent application of the existing law, in relation to all technologies, to ensure the continued distinction between discovery and invention.

We are also supportive of ongoing review and legislative amendment to ensure that Australian industry and researchers have a set of clear rules to guide them as they strive to innovate. We fully support the ongoing work of IP Australia to introduce amendments to the Patents Act 1990 to enshrine an explicit research use exemption thereby allowing research, IP protection, innovation and commercialisation activities in Australia to continue a beneficial coexistence.

AusBiotech believes that the proposed Bill to prohibit the patenting of genes and biological materials will not address any of the expressed concerns. Should the Bill proceed in its current form, it will cause many more problems than any issues that are currently real or perceived, because a lack of patents will lead to a lack of innovation and to a lack of novel, potentially life-altering products that are simply never developed.

There is little evidence to support claims that gene patents stifle research or that there is currently anything other than free and unfettered access to biological materials among the Australian research community. A recent study concluded that of 381 scientists surveyed, none had had their work stopped by the existence of third-party patents, only about 1 per cent had a delay or were required to modify their work, and those that had been required to pay a fee to access patented technologies reported a modest charge in the range of US$1-100.

In the specific case of the Myriad gene patents (and the exercise of said patent rights to which much of the controversy around this issue can be traced back), there have been over 5,500 BRCA1 primary sequence publications in the 12 or so years since the patent was granted in Australia. With no fewer than 49 Australian research organisations having contributed to this total, it is disingenuous for claims to be made that the existence of the patents has stifled national or international research in this field of endeavor.

Patents are important parts of the package that Australian innovators use to attract critical funding to progress early research through to the proof-of-concept stage. Similarly, granted patents in key markets will inform a commercial decision to invest significant amounts of money in a technology development plan. Since the Australian Government is not in the business of spending the hundreds of millions of dollars needed to translate inventions from 'bench to bedside' we rely here on corporations and VCs to invest and take the risks to develop and commercialise novel medicines and diagnostic technologies. We envisage that the Bill will lead to a reduction in research commercialisation with the direct consequence of fewer innovative products reaching the Australian community.

If this Bill does become law, Australians will be denied the improved access to health care that stimulated the debate in the first place.

Desk job ups bowel cancer risk

Western Australian Institute for Medical Research

Sedentary behaviour by professionals may increase the risk of distal colon and rectal cancer.

Image: sdominick/iStockphoto

Long term office workers may have cause for concern after a researcher at the Western Australian Institute for Medical Research (WAIMR) found that employees who work for 10 years or more behind a desk, have an increased risk of bowel cancer.

Terry Boyle, who is a PhD student at the University of WA, said the research suggested sedentary behaviour by professionals such as accountants or computing professionals may increase the risk of cancers of the distal colon and rectum.

Jobs were categorised into five groups ranging from sedentary to light activity (teachers, hairdressers), medium (mechanics, nurses), heavy (plumbers, farmers) and very heavy (miners, firefighters). The estimated effects of sedentary work on the risk of cancers of the proximal colon, distal colon and rectum were analysed.

The two year study involving men and women aged between 40 and 79 included a total of 918 cases and 1,021 controls who participated in a population-based case-control study of bowel cancer in Western Australia. Data was collected on lifestyle, physical activity and job history. The study was a collaboration between WAIMR and the UWA School of Population Health.

Compared with employees who did not spend any time in a sedentary occupation, study participants who spent 10 or more years working at a desk had almost twice the risk of distal colon (the left side of the colon) cancer and a 44 percent increased risk of rectal (the final portion of the large intestine) cancer.

Long term office workers may have cause for concern after a researcher at the Western Australian Institute for Medical Research (WAIMR) found that employees who work for 10 years or more behind a desk, have an increased risk of bowel cancer.

Terry Boyle, who is a PhD student at the University of WA, said the research suggested sedentary behaviour by professionals such as accountants or computing professionals may increase the risk of cancers of the distal colon and rectum.

Jobs were categorised into five groups ranging from sedentary to light activity (teachers, hairdressers), medium (mechanics, nurses), heavy (plumbers, farmers) and very heavy (miners, firefighters). The estimated effects of sedentary work on the risk of cancers of the proximal colon, distal colon and rectum were analysed.

The two year study involving men and women aged between 40 and 79 included a total of 918 cases and 1,021 controls who participated in a population-based case-control study of bowel cancer in Western Australia. Data was collected on lifestyle, physical activity and job history. The study was a collaboration between WAIMR and the UWA School of Population Health.

Compared with employees who did not spend any time in a sedentary occupation, study participants who spent 10 or more years working at a desk had almost twice the risk of distal colon (the left side of the colon) cancer and a 44 percent increased risk of rectal (the final portion of the large intestine) cancer.

Sedentary work was not associated with the risk of proximal colon cancer (the right side of the colon).

The findings were independent of recreational physical activity, and the increased risk was seen even among sedentary workers who did a lot of physical activity outside of the workplace, Mr Boyle said.

"Sedentary behaviour appears to be an important risk factor for many chronic diseases," he said. "It's important that office workers try to stand and take a break from sitting every 30 minutes, and do things like get up from their chairs and walk down the corridor to talk to colleagues rather than sending an email or making a phone call."

"It's also best not to have a printer in the office, so that a short walk is required."

The study has been published in prestigious international journal, the American Journal of Epidemiology.

Vinayagar agawal by Seergazhi Govindarajan

MahaGanapathim

Aanaimuganthan aran (Vinayakar songs )by Dr. Seerkazhi Govindarajan.

Vinayagar song

CHINNANCHIRU PEN POLE - SIRKAZHI GOVINDARAJAN

Shirdi Sai Baba devotional song - Daya Karo Sai

'Moham ennum...' from 'Sindhu Bhairavi'

17 Sudha Raghunathan Chinnanchiru Kiliye

Chinnam chiru kiliye - Nithyasree Mahadevan - Bharathiyar Paadalkal

Thoondir Puzhuvinaipol - Bharathiyar Song - D.K. Pattammal

Maha Kavi Bharathiyar - Mogaththai Konru vidu

Bharathiyar Song~Pozhuthu Pularnthathu ~ பொழுது புலர்ந்தது

Sunday, May 15, 2011

Sinthu Bairavi:Manathil Uruthi Vendum

Nirpathuve nadappathuve

நின்னையே ரதி என்று Ninnaye rathi endru

Nallador Veenai Seiden - Varumayin Niram Sivappu

Ninnai Saranadainthen - Bharathi

Kakkai Chiraginile

Kaatru Veliyidal Kannamma - Kappallotiya Tamizhan - Gemini Ganesan & Sav...

Kaakkai Chiraginile ,Kakkai Siraginile,Unni Krishnan,Bharathiar Son

Velli Panimalayin Meedhulavuvom - Kappallotiya Tamizhan

Oru Naal Podhuma - Thiruvilayadal - T.S. Baliah

Thiruvarutchelvar-Irukkum idathai vittu.mp4

Rome Total War - Part 2

Rome Total War - Part 1

Rome Total War: 161 Spartans vs 4801 peasants.

Rome Total War Roman vs Spartans

Medieval castles and ruins with medieval music

Crete by the end of the mycenae period - Antique Greece

Crete is a Mediterranean island located southeast of the Peloponnese, and which sides act as the cut-off. They are dominated by three mountain ranges: Dhikti mountains to the east, which is not suitable for farming and its inhabitants live mainly from fishing, Idhi massif in the center of Levk on the west of the island. The only wider plain is Mesara in the south, the others likethat in Knos are very small. Moderately fertile soil of these plains were ideal for growing wheat, grapes and olives, while the mountainous land, partly covered with pine forest and cypress, were more suitable as a pasture for livestock or to obtain wood. Although the soil of Crete quality was not better than the other Aegean islands, is geographically accommodation helped to Crete soon occupy a privileged position. The island, situated halfway between Greece and Africa so that seafarers could easily came from their ports to the Nile delta, and also to Asia and the West, soon will be dedicated to commercial sailing. Cretans could easly sail along the Libyan coast or Cyprus which had rich metallic ores and even sail to the Syrian coast. Between the 1600th and 1400th BC Cretan fleet built of wood from their forests, was known all over the Aegean Sea and the island was an important force in the east and an ideal center for technical and economic ties that have emerged from the discovery of processing metal.

Peculiarity of Crete consists from the fact that it is first island in the Aegean that had civilization,and later it was centar of art yet unprecedented in any substantive technical or the spiritual and aesthetic areas. There will pre-helen art and civilization soon developed better than anywhere else.Geographical importance factor in this part was understandeble, but it doesn't tell you the ethnological factor,which due to decoding of pre-helen language,makes it much harder to understand. It is even likely that the Aegean world very early on made a Mediterranean or Asian language, and especially the national community that was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, but whose lines of ethnic and language match certain tribes and languages of Asia Minor.

Minoan period

Crete and the so-called "Minoan period" are the starting point for the area from which they were derived (although quite different in content) polis, or city of citizens. This form,which first created urban settlement of big format, should be put in touch with the other also a new phenomenon, namely a form of political power that was in the hands of just one man, Minoja despot, at once historical and mythical character who ruled Crete.
Both of these phenomena took the island from one civilization to another, from a civilization villages and marketplaces in the civilization of the palaces, symbol of the political, religious and economic power.This period, whose development phase flow with almost no transition can be interpreted only by influence of Egypt and Babylon dynastys.Teritorial expansion of Egypt on Asia and Babylon breakthrough in the Mediterranean area of Crete have enabled the sailors, merchants and travelers, not just to learn new techniques, but primarily to expand their use to the Cretan civilization as a whole.

In Egypt, 2000. years before Christ already existed real palaces, the art of jewelry making, painting and the letter system.We can't precisly speak of a direct connection between Egypt and Crete, but the Phoenicians who have passed here have provided ample opportunity for contacts that were closer to the civilization of Crete need of improvement . It is most likely civilization was born in the east of Crete in middle minoan period. The palace in Malia was probably the first who ruled over the hitherto independent towns in the east and Malia made a kind of provincial capital. It appears that the Festus and Knossos, located in the center and south of the island, developed only later. At the beginning of the second millennium BC in these cities was a strong central government. Minoj ruler who relied on a strong bureaucratic apparatus has held important administrative function and had control over the metalworking and transport. The expression of that power was the construction of large palace, around which were formed urban settlements.

The cities and palaces

Homer numbered hundreds of Cretan cities. Undoubtedly, in this issue was also some market towns, Crete is a city symbolic embodiment of the new world that is both dedicated to the gods and despots. This applies particularly to Knos. Mosaic found under the ruins of his allows us insight into the draft of a fortified town with a multi-story houses lined side by side. Plan of the city is just as complex as the layout of the Cretan palace so it can establish clear-cut plan matches the city and palace. At the same time as the match occurs, a new form: the labyrinth. Labyrinth is definitely a myth that derives from the shape of the old Cretan cities of which are now remaining only a very vague signs and sketches - but we assume that the maze depicted in a symbolic manner and the scenic Cretan tradition of transport networks through the earth and sea.

The City Palace, the palace that developed the town. We can fully admire the Knosu, unique city, the monument construction in Knosu Palace, residence of the ruler Minoja, the largest and also most famous buildings in Crete. Thanks to the research many individual components were found that have enabled the reconstruction of the upper floors. The current layout of the palace makes visible and understandable only the last period of its use, ie the peak of the Minoan culture from 1600th to 1400th BC.

Palces in Knossos,Festus and Malia

From the first Cretan palaces in Knossos and Festus there are ony few ruins left of the palace built under the later, while palace in Malia, that was built later, preserved the simple lines of the earlier period. Moreover in the Knossos and Festus there were princely palaces and great cities: Hagia Triada in plain Mesara and Kanji. We can say with certainty that this settlement is the first major example of the actual architectural art, and not just an ordinary building techniques.

If we look at first the ruins in Malia which are characteristic of the first palaces of Crete, ie which is generally called "middle-minoan period". Fortification wall was built of finely carved stone blocks and showing your progress sags and bulges,which can still be seen primarily in the western part of the wall. From medieval courtyard, surrounded by colonnades on two sides, of which one enters the different chambers that are spread in a square. In Malia from the early period we can see the occurrence of structures with floors, especially over the western part of the palace, which were available via the large staircase in the middle courtyard, this is part of the palace that has certainly been changed in the future. The eastern part consists only of a simple single-storey warehouse, located between the courtyard and fence walls, that was made for bowls with the food supply. Hall which borders in the north with yard testifies the way of construction of the Egyptian influence on Crete. This hipostil (ie ceiling support columns) is here, though, made very clumsy, but this technique is later found in many shapes in Knossos.

Royal necropolis Krisolak has also discovered in Malia. Fence surrounding the palace, quite similar to the ones that surround huge tombs that show the same way of building as houses. Walls everywhere are made of lower quality building materials, but are always decorated with stucco. These architectural Gazette excavated in Malia showed that there were knowledge of metalworking already in middleminoan period. In workshop of bronze in the palace in Malia were found mold in which they poured various tools such as a two-edged axes, chisels and the similiar tools. In jewelry-making after that period is also noticeable improvement in the processing of metals. Some other pieces of jewelry have been spared from the devastation of the necropolis Krisolak. The stylized forms found indicates that people were more worried about the jewelry, but for the faithful representation. This proves that the Cretans knew very refined and very expressive and even the Syrian and Egyptian art of jewelry making. This love is characterized by the formation of the ceramics of the period. In Malia,there are generally a relatively simple geometric motifs and stylized plants and flowers in only three colors: red, white and black. It is a ceramic art of early minoan period that gave more primitive character.

If we cross to the study of so-called younger palace on Crete. ie, middle, or late minoan period that will take advances in ceramic technology. Villages in the vicinity of large palaces, especially in Knossos, show widespread use of fine ceramics. During the development of the highest authorities in the palaces it reaches a very high technical level: vases are becoming thinner and finally achieve the thickness of eggshell. The fact that the colors are preserved for millennia testifies to its full splendor of the high quality of materials used. Thus, an advanced technique leads to a large market and a high degree of specialization of artistic craftsmanship, in short to civilization at its peak. The transition from the old culture to newer corresponding to the development of the palace and the most important changes that were implemented continuously.

Medieval Music

New tool to test stroke victims

Flinders University

The simulator can be used to test a stroke patient's ability to undertake the everyday task of supermarket shopping.

Image: lisegagne/iStockphoto

A virtual reality system that will enable occupational therapists at the Repatriation General Hospital to better assess stroke victims will be launched today by Minister for Ageing Jennifer Rankine.

The Shopping Simulator has been developed by the Medical Device Partnering Program (MDPP) at Flinders University in collaboration with the Department of Rehabilitation and Aged Care.

It allows patients to move through a virtual supermarket, selecting groceries and adding them to a trolley, to demonstrate whether they are capable of making logical decisions.

MDPP Director, Professor Karen Reynolds, said the focus on cognitive assessment through the simulator enables an OT to determine a patient’s ability to undertake the everyday task of supermarket shopping.

“Our simulation software recreates the grocery shopping experience with the aid of a simple touch-screen computer and a ‘trolley handle’,” Professor Reynolds said.

“The level of complexity can be adjusted by OTs, who can specify certain groceries or set a shopping budget to ascertain the cognitive ability of each patient,” she said.

Associate Professor Craig Whitehead, Regional Clinical Director for Rehabilitation and Aged Care in the Southern Adelaide Health Service, said the Shopping Simulator was created in response to requests from hospital clinicians.

“Clinicians need to know what people are capable of, rather than just have an opinion of what they are capable of,” Associate Professor Whitehead said.

“The Shopping Simulator is an effective and efficient way of testing a stroke patient’s alertness, ability to scan both sides of the environment and logical processing,” he said.

“Particularly for older people and people with disability, technological interfaces such as the Shopping Simulator represent the brave new frontier for clinical medicine.”

Minister for Ageing Jennifer Rankine said the State Government was proud to support research projects that have a real impact on people’s quality of life.

“The South Australian Government has provided more than $1 million in funding to the Medical Device Partnering Program at Flinders University to help develop important research that assists South Australians in their everyday lives. I am pleased to see one of the significant projects funded through this program in action,” Minister Rankine said.

“Suffering from a stroke affects not only the patient but their family as well. The success seen in early trials of the simulator is encouraging and hopefully soon this project can be used to help better assess more people in this situation,” she said.

The Medical Device Partnering Program supports the development of cutting-edge medical devices and assistive technologies, through unique collaborations between researchers, industry, clinical end-users and government.

Funded by the South Australian Government through the Premier’s Science and Research Fund and the Disability, Ageing and Carers Branch, it brings together researchers from Flinders University, the University of Adelaide, the University of South Australia and NovitaTech.

I .T. துறையில் ஜொலிக்க நினைப்பவர்கள் செய்ய வேண்டிய வழிபாடு

இன்று பெரும்பாலும் ராகுதிசா நடப்பவர்களே ஐ.டி.பணிகளில் உள்ளனர்.ராகு என்பது யோகக்காரன் என்று கொள்ளப்படுகிறான்.ஒரே நாளில் கோடீஸ்வரர்கள் உருவாகுவதும்,சொத்துக்கள் இழப்பதும் ராகுவின் விளையாட்டு.

நீங்கள் வேலை பார்க்கும் நிறுவனம், கம்பியூட்டர், I . T . துறை, LIC , மக்கள் தொடர்பு அதிகமாக இருக்கும் வேலை என்றால், நீங்கள் அம்மன் வழிபாடு செய்து வந்தால் , உங்கள் துறையில் நீங்கள் வெற்றி பெறுவதோடு, மக்களின் நன் மதிப்பு பெற முடியும்.

சில பெண்களைப் பார்த்தாலே , அவர்கள் ராகுவின் அம்சங்கள் நிறைந்த பெண்கள் என்று தெரிய வரும். நமக்குத் தெரிந்த முகம் என்றால், பருத்தி வீரன் படத்தில் வரும் , முத்தழகு காரேக்டரைப் போல என்று எடுத்துக் கொள்ளுங்கள். இவர்கள் கணினி வேலைகளில் படு வேகமாக செயல்படுவார்கள்.

மனித உடல் உறுப்புக்களில் பிறப்பு உறுப்பின் செயல்பாட்டினே நிர்ணயிப்பது, அதிரடி மாற்றம் ஏற்படுத்துவதும், குற்றங்கள் செய்யத் தூண்டுவதும்,அந்த குற்றங்கள் எப்படி நடந்தது என்பதை கண்டு பிடிப்பதற்கு புலனாய்வு செய்யும் திறமையினைத் தருவதும், முறையற்ற உறவுகள், குழு உறவுகள், குறுகிய காலத்திற்குள் பல லட்சம் பேரினை பாதிக்கச் செய்தல் (அதாவது ஒரு வதந்தியை மின் அஞ்சல் மூலமாக சில நிமிடங்களில் பல லட்சம் பேரைச் சென்றடையச் செய்வது)- இவை எல்லாம் ராகுவின் குணநலன்கள். இவர்கள் மற்றவர்களிடத்தில் ரொம்பத் திமிராகத்தான் நடந்து கொள்வார்கள். திறமையும் அதிகம் இருக்கும். ஆனால் என்ன? அதை நல்ல முறையில் பயன் படுத்தினால், பலருக்கு உபயோகமாக இருக்கும்.

http://www.extramirchi.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/priyamani_010.jpg

இதற்கு ஒரு சுலப வழி உண்டு. அது என்னவென்றால், தினமும் ,உங்கள் வீட்டுக்கு அருகில் உள்ள ஒரு அம்மன் கோவில் (உதாரணமாக பத்திரகாளி அம்மன் அல்லது உக்கிர பெண் தெய்வம்) தினமும் ஒரு வேளை சென்று வழிபட்டு வர வேண்டும். அதே சமயம் வீட்டிலும்-வெளியிலும் அசைவம் கண்டிப்பாக தவிர்க்கவேண்டும். (இல்லாவிட்டால் ரத்தகாயம் வழிபடுவோருக்கு ஏற்படும்)

யாருக்கு ராகு திசை நடக்கிறதோ அவர்கள் அல்லது அவர்களது ரத்த உறவுகள் வழிபட்டு வருவதோடு, வெள்ளிக்கிழமை ராகு காலம் காலை 10.30 முதல் 12.00 வரை-அதுவும் 11.30-12.00 கடைசி அரை மணி நேரம் மிக முக்கியம்.அந்த நேரத்தில் எலுமிச்சம்பழத்தில் தாமரை தண்டு திரியில் நெய் தீபம் ஏற்றி வழிபட்டு வரவேண்டும்.

தவிர, ராகு வின் கிழமை ஞாயிறு ஆகும். அன்று மாலை 5.30-6.00 மணிக்கு மேலே எழுதியது போல தீபம் ஏற்றி வழிபட்டு வரவேண்டும். இப்படி ராகு திசா காலம் முழுவதும் 18-ஆண்டுகள் வரை வழிபட்டு வந்தால் குடும்ப வாழ்க்கை நிம்மதியாக இருக்கும்.

திருவாதிரை, சுவாதி, சதயம் - இந்த நட்சத்திரத்தில் பிறந்த எல்லேஈரும் மேற்சொன்ன வழிபாடு செய்து வந்தால் 2-3 ஆண்டுகள் கடந்த பிறகு உங்கள் வாழ்க்கையில் நிம்மதி உண்டாகும். இதுவும் அனுபவ உண்மை