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Saturday, November 7, 2015
Friday, July 17, 2015
Graphene-based film can be used for efficient cooling of electronics.
Wednesday, July 15, 2015
Freezing single atoms to absolute zero with microwaves brings quantum technology closer.
What is SmB6: Samarium hexaboride
Wednesday, June 24, 2015
What is Production Irons shaping ?
Shaping Technologies – Production Plants
Hydraulic Rotary Transfer Machines
Hydraulic machine technology is mainly used for the production of large series. Each workpiece to be machined is partially processed at each station until it is finally produced. This is because all turning, milling and drilling operations are carried out simultaneously, thus enabling economical and complete production. In addition, the hydraulic and CNC-controlled machines ensure the machining of highly complex parts in a short time frame.
Cam-Controlled Multi-Spindle Lathes
Cam-controlled multi-spindle lathes are impressive by virtue of their high cycle rates and efficiency. Robust and easy-to-maintain, these machines allow high-precision production of turned parts with diameters from 5 to 26 millimeters while enabling process-safe production of large series at consistently high quality levels.
CNC Single-Spindle Lathes
CNC single-spindle lathes are ideally suited for production of complex precision, series and sample turned parts. In addition to metals such as brass, copper and stainless steel, the modern facilities also process Teflon and other plastics. The high-quality production is carried out in a diameter range from 0.3 to 52 millimeters.
Cam-Controlled Single-Spindle Lathes
Cam-controlled single-spindle lathes are used for the production of small and very small precision turned parts. These sliding headstock automatic lathes produce slim workpieces with extremely high precision. They are mainly used for medium and large series production - for inner conductors in a diameter range of 2 millimeters and plastic parts of one to 18 millimeters material thickness.
Tuesday, June 9, 2015
What is Metal Casting
Tuesday, December 23, 2014
Rock Contains 30,000 Diamonds
Friday, October 17, 2014
Additive manufacturing technology can print using plastic, paste or concrete:
It all started with the needs of an architecture student and the interest of an engineer who, seeing the high cost of manufacturing molds, decided to develop a 3D modular printer which uses polymers (plastic) to generate models for low-cost functional prostheses.
To develop this project, stakeholders from different disciplines and educational institutions created their own company, Maker Mex, which was incubated at the Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM), in the Technological Park of León, Guanajuato in the center of México.
This modular equipment has implemented several options for printing, with interchangeable modules. If the project requires printing with multiple materials, only a module is changed; the technology eliminates the need for multiple printers.
SOURCE: Phys Org
Posted by: Er_Sanch
Monday, September 29, 2014
Progress in materials science: New work on friction stir welding
Professor Andrew Ball (pictured below) and his colleague Dr Fengshou Gu, of the University of Huddersfield's Centre for Efficiency and Performance Engineering, teamed up with Professor Xiaocong He of Kunming University of Science and Technology's (KUST) Innovative Manufacturing Research Centre in order to investigate the technique known as Friction Stir Welding (FSW).
Professor Andrew Bal "The University of Huddersfield and Kunming University of Science and Technology have worked very closely together for many years now, and this important publication is one example of the benefits of such international collaboration," said Professor Ball. Professor He is a Visiting Professor at the University of Huddersfield and makes regular visits. Professor Ball and Dr Gu reciprocate with visits to KUST, the next being planned for Spring 2015.
Further research:
Friction Stir Welding is a technique invented in the UK in 1991 that has proved to be an effective means of joining materials that are otherwise hard to weld and for joining plates with different thicknesses or made from different materials. Advanced new technologies, such as FSW, are especially important in modern manufacturing, where there is an increasing need to design lightweight structures and to develop ways of joining them. Professor He, Professor Ball and Dr Gu carried out the research into FSW over a period of several years, receiving financial backing from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Special Program of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology. They have now issued their findings in a 66-page article published by the leading international journal Progress in Materials Science. Dr Fengshou G " Progress in Materials Science has an Impact Factor in excess of 25, which is very high for most fields, including engineering. I'm delighted that our work has been published in this prestigious and highly-weighted journal," said Dr Gu.
The article reviews the latest developments in the numerical analysis of friction stir welding processes, the microstructures of friction stir welded joints and the properties of friction stir welded structures.
The authors conclude that FSW can be used successfully to join difficult-to-weld materials, but that the technique and scientific understanding of it is still at an early stage in its development. "So far, the development of the FSW process for each new application has remained largely empirical. Scientific, knowledge-based numerical studies are of significant help in understanding the FSW process," they write. Many challenges remain in the development and analysis of FSW, they conclude, adding that the digest that they have presented in the Progress in Materials Science article is intended to provide the basis for further research.
Source: science Direct.
Tuesday, September 23, 2014
Thursday, September 18, 2014
Tuesday, September 9, 2014
Material generates steam under solar illumination:
The structure—a layer of graphite flakes and an underlying carbon foam—is a porous, insulating material structure that floats on water. When sunlight hits the structure's surface, it creates a hotspot in the graphite, drawing water up through the material's pores, where it evaporates as steam. The brighter the light, the more steam is generated.
The new material is able to convert 85 percent of incoming solar energy into steam—a significant improvement over recent approaches to solar-powered steam generation. What's more, the setup loses very little heat in the process, and can produce steam at relatively low solar intensity . This would mean that, if scaled up, the setup would likely not require complex, costly systems to highly concentrate sunlight.
Hadi Ghasemi, a postdoc in MIT's Department of Mechanical Engineering, says the spongelike structure can be made from relatively inexpensive materials—a particular advantage for a variety of compact, steam-powered applications.
"Steam is important for desalination, hygiene systems, and sterilization," says Ghasemi, who led the development of the structure. "Especially in remote areas where the sun is the only source of energy, if you can generate steam with solar energy, it would be very useful."
Ghasemi and mechanical engineering department head Gang Chen, along with five others at MIT, report on the details of the new steam-generating structure in the journal Nature Communications .
Source: MIT News Room
Thursday, August 28, 2014
Universal Natural States Theory (UNST) predicts 120 elementary or fundamental particles.
Nowadays, Standard Model Particle Spectrum is the frame for the particles that cannot be broken up into smaller constituents to the best of our knowledge. All told, when we count up these elementary or fundamental particles that we know of, the ones that cannot be broken apart into anything smaller or lighter, we count a number of different types:
- six quarks (and their antiquark counterparts), each coming in three different color possibilities and two different spins,
three charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau (and their anti-lepton counterparts), each allowed two different spin states,
- three neutral leptons, the neutrinos, along with the three anti-neutrinos, where the neutrinos all have a left-handed spin and the antis have a right-handed spin,
the gluons, which all have two different spin states and which come in eight color varieties,
-the photon, which has two different allowable spins,
- the W-and-Z bosons, which come in three types (the W+, W-, and Z) and have three allowable spin states apiece (-1, 0, and +1), and
- the Higgs boson, which exists in only one state.
Thus, counting all of them are 118 elementary or fundamental particles. It means Nature Mechanics or UNST predicts two particles more beyond the SM.
One could probably be the gluon number nine as predicts QCD.
For the second one, Nature Mechanics or UNST postulates one boson as "Higgs' heavier couple" or abbreviate "Fat Higss" (FH).
What’s even better? The new Fermilab experiment, E989, should be capable of determining the magnitude of the anomaly for muon's g factor. if it’s really a deviation from the Standard Model, to somewhere between 7 and 8σ!. Maybe the new boson postulates from Nature Mechanics or UNST called "Fat Higgs" (FH) by the moment.
In other words, while all the world’s eyes have been on the Large Hadron Collider and its search for the Higgs (and potentially, new particles), the first true advance beyond the Standard Model may come from an experiment that few people pay attention to and a small group of theorists that have painstakingly calculated upwards of 12,000 corrections to the muon’s g factor.
And if we get lucky, this will be the piece of evidence that points out the way to uncovering physics beyond the Standard Model!
https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/the-physics-of-a-new-generation-f5c531db7414
Monday, August 4, 2014
New kind of optical fibre is transferring the contents of a 1TB hard drive in a fifth of a second.
Friday, August 1, 2014
World's strongest material acts like a tiny transistor
Tuesday, July 15, 2014
BRIEF HISTORY OF COPPER (Cu)
Copper is considered the first metal to have been utilized by humans dating back over 10,000 years; a copper pendant discovered in modern northern Iraq is dated to approximately 8700 BC provides this basic dating. It is assumed that the Neolithic man began using copper as a substitute for stone around 8000 BC. More complex usages, facilitated by the application of metallurgy and casting, has been discovered in Egypt as early as 4000 BC. Using fire and charcoal, the smelting and alloying of copper began leading to the copper-tin alloy of Bronze, giving rise to the historic and progressive Bronze Age (3200-600 BC)
The origins of the word Copper has its roots in Roman history as they obtained copper from Cyprus, and was thus known as aes Cyprium, meaning "metal of Cyprus." In time this was shortened to cyprium, turned coprum, and eventually termed copper as it is known today.
Traders the world over relied upon coins made of copper or its alloys as currency for transactions. This legacy continues today throughout the world as many coins continue to be made, in large part, of copper. The Royal Canadian Mint issued pennies that were from 95-98% copper until 1996 at which point alloys replaced copper as the primary element. Although the US penny now only contains only 2.6% copper, the nickel is contains 75% copper, while the dime and quarter, contain 91.67% copper.
- Electronics (smartphones, televisions, computers, stereos, etc.), cellular towers, transmission systems, etc.
- Modern smartphones contain roughly 14 grams of copper, more than all the other metals required for production combined, and accounting for more than 12% of your phone’s total weight.
- With increased sophistication and advancement in mobile technologies and products, the Copper amount of copper required for their production will continue to rise
- IBM and other major computer firms, use copper instead of aluminum in their most powerful computer chips on account of copper's superior electrical conductivity. Doing so enables conductor channel lengths and widths to be significantly reduced resulting in much faster operating speeds and greater circuit integration – upwards of 400 million transistors can be packed onto a single chip while power requirements are now reduced to less than 1.8 volts, and have a much cooler running temperature.
- Heat is the greatest contributor to electronic component failure. Copper's thermal conductivity, or capacity to conduct heat, is about 60 percent greater than that of aluminum permitting it to dissipate heat significantly quicker. As a rule, the lower the operating temperature of a processor, the greater the efficiency and longevity.
- Electrically powered subway cars, trolleys, and buses contain between 285 kilograms (kg) and 4173kg of copper each, accounting for an average of 1043kg pounds per unit.
- In 1948, the average family car contained approximately 55 wires amounting to an average total length of 46 metres, while current luxury cars average 1,500 copper wires totalling 1.7 kilometres in length. This equates to 23 kilograms (kg) of copper, 18kg for electrical and about 5kg for nonelectrical components.
- Hybrid cars, such as the Toyota Prius, contain upwards of 27kg of copper per vehicle while fully electric cars, which require much more electrical componentry and wiring, require significantly more copper. It is expected that future generations of hybrid and electric cars will require even more copper in an attempt to increase efficiency.
- Learn how copper rotor induction motors are revolutionizing the hybrid/electric vehicles.
- Copper also contributes to engine function and longevity as a critical antioxidant additive in motor and crankcase lubricants.
o An average motorized farm vehicle contains 29kg of copper, while construction vehicles an average 30kg. - An electric forklift truck contains approximately 59kg.
- A US Navy Triton-class nuclear submarine uses approximately 90,720kg of copper.
- About 2%, or 4080kg, of the total weight of a Boeing 747-200 jet plane is attributable to copper; this includes the 632,000 feet of copper wire.
- The H.M.S. Beagle, used by Charles Darwin for his historic voyages around the world, was built in 1825 with copper skins below the water line. The copper sheathing extended hull life and protected against barnacles and other kinds of biofouling. Today, most seagoing vessels use a copper-containing paint for hull protection.
- Copper is an essential element to human metabolism and has a Health Canada recommended daily intake of 2 milligrams for adults, or 30 µg/kg body weight per day.
- Copper is needed for the normal growth and development of human fetuses, infants and children; while in adults, it is integral for the growth, development and maintenance of bone, connective tissue, brain, heart and many other body organs.
- It is also involved in the formation of red blood cells, the absorption and utilization of iron, and the synthesis and release of life-sustaining proteins and enzymes. These enzymes produce cellular energy and regulate nerve transmission, blood clotting and oxygen transport.
- Copper is also known to stimulate the immune system, help repair injured tissues and promote healing. Copper has been shown to help neutralize "free radicals," which can cause severe damage to cells.
- It is essential for the normal utilization (metabolism) of iron, because of the requirement of ferroxidase (ceruloplasmin) for iron transport.
- According to Health Canada, a deficiency of copper in one’s diet, less than about 2 mg/day, is often accompanied by anaemia, resulting from the inability of reticulocytes to obtain iron from transferrin and to synthesize haem from iron(III) and protoporphyrin at a normal rate.
- Copper-rich foods include: grains, nuts and seeds, organ meats such as liver and kidneys, shellfish, dried fruits, legume vegetables (eg: string beans, squash, potatoes), chicken and some unexpected and delightful sources such as cocoa and chocolate. Vegetarians generally get ample copper from their diet
- Copper vessels optimal for brewing beer and the distillation process for fine liquors as the element helps to maintain the distillates’ sweetness by removing unpleasant tasting sulfur-based compounds from the alcohol. The use of copper brewing vessels is estimated to have begun around 2000 B.C., during the middle of the Bronze Age.
- Find out what foods have the highest concentration of Copper
- Medical equipment (scalpels and other surgical utensils, antimicrobial agent and coating in hospitals and medical facilities, medical imagery equipment (MRI, XRay, etc.);
Industrial Activities and Manufacturing
- Electrical generation and transportation (wires, electrical components, transformers, PV (solar) panels, power stations, etc.);
Thursday, July 3, 2014
New material could replace silicons in next-generation transistors
Tuesday, June 10, 2014
A brand new type of rock has formed from our plastic waste
Sunday, May 4, 2014
Ceramic screws are corrosion and heat resistant
Most screws are made of steel. But high temperatures or acidic environments take their toll on this otherwise stable material. The alternative is ceramic screws. Researchers can now accurately predict their stress resistance.
Using a screw test rig and simulations, researchers at IWM in Freiburg and their colleagues at the Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS in Dresden and the Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF at the Technische Universität Berlin have devoted themselves to exactly this question. "We're testing different ceramic screws and examining how much stress they can really withstand," explains Koplin. The project is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) and the German Federation of Industrial Research Associations (AiF). Researchers are also optimizing the screw design. The challenge is that load capacity varies greatly even among ceramic screws of the same design; while one screw can tolerate a great deal, another breaks much sooner. The load on the screws is therefore limited by the stress that the weakest among them can withstand. The ceramic's composition is the deciding factor – if the tiny grains that make up the substance bond incorrectly during manufacture, small cracks develop which can later cause the material to fail.
Researchers have now optimized the manufacturing process so that such cracks no longer occur in any of the numerous process steps. "We were able to significantly reduce the range of the distribution curve and thus raise the stress resistance of the screws," says Koplin. He sees significant room for improvement in the last process step, in which the screws receive their thread, either via injection molding or sanding. Until that has been optimized, screw manufacturers can turn to the IWM and consult the project team about what design best suits which targeted screw load capacity value and what the ideal manufacturing process should look like.
The researchers have also used the test rig to test the stress resistance of ceramic screws manufactured in their own laboratories. Their load-bearing capacity exceeds that of their steel counterparts by between 30 and 35 percent. "This is a huge leap forward," says Koplin. "This would already be enough for many applications if the screw was a bit bigger."
Source: Phys Org
Posted by: Er_sanch.