தமிழர்கள் காலத்தை வகுத்த விதம்

தமிழர்கள் காலத்தை வகுத்த விதம் பிரம்மிப்பானது. தமிழர்கள் இயற்கையை ஆதாரமாகக் கொண்டு காலத்தைப் பிரித்தார்கள்.

ஒரு நாளைக்கூட ஆறு சிறு பொழுதுகளாக பிரித்து வைத்திருந்தார்கள.

1. வைகறை

2. காலை

3. நண்பகல்

4. எற்பாடு

5. மாலை

6. யாமம்

-என்று அவற்றை அழைத்தார்கள். அது மட்டுமல்ல, அந்த ஆறு சிறு பொழுதுகளின் தொகுப்பையும் அறுபது நாழிகைகளாகப் பகுத்துக் கணக்கிட்டார்கள். அதாவது ஒரு நாளில் ஆறு சிறுபொழுதுகள் உள்ளன. அந்த ஆறு சிறு பொழுதுகள் கழிவதற்கு அறுபது நாழிகைகள் எடுக்கின்றன என்று தமிழர்கள் பண்டைக் காலத்தில் கணக்கிட்டார்கள். ஒரு நாழிகை என்பது தற்போதைய 24 நிமிடங்களைக் கொண்டதாகும்.

அதாவது பண்டைக் காலத் தமிழர்களது ஒரு நாட் பொழுதின் அறுபது நாழிகைகள் என்பன தற்போதைய கணக்கீடான 1440 நிமிடங்களோடு, அதாவது 24 மணிநேரத்தோடு அச்சாகப் பொருந்துகின்றன.

தமிழர்கள் ஒரு நாள் பொழுதை, தற்போதைய நவீன காலத்தையும் விட, அன்றே மிக நுட்பமாகக் கணித்து வைத்திருந்தார்கள என்பதே உண்மையுமாகும்.

எம்.ஜி.ஆர். தோட்டம்

பரங்கிமலையிலிருந்து பூவிருந்தவல்லி போகும் சாலையிலிருக்கும் தமது தோட்டத்தில், எங்களை இன்முகத்தோடு கை கூப்பி வரவேற்றார் திரு. எம்.ஜி.ராமச்சந்திரன். படப்பிடிப்பு முடிந்த களைப்பு தீரக் குளித்துவிட்டு 'ஜில்'லென்று காட்சி தந்த அவரைப் பார்த்ததுமே மனத்திற்குக் குளிர்ச்சியாக இருந்தது. 'எம்.ஜி.ஆர். தோட்டம்' என்று புகழ்பெற்ற அந்த இடத்தைக் காண வேண்டும் என்ற ஆவலில் 'தோட்டத்தைச் சுற்றிப் பார்க்கலாமா?' என்று கேட்டோம்.

''தோட்டத்திலே என்ன இருக்கு? ரொம்ப சாதாரணமா ஏதோ...'' என்று அடக்கத்துடன் கூறினார் அவர்.

''ஒரு கரடி இருக்கிறதாமே...''

''இருந்தது. பாவம், அது பத்து நாட்களுக்கு முன்னே இறந்துவிட்டது. அது ரொம்பப் பொல்லாத குட்டி! அடங்கவே இல்லை. மூக்கு குத்தி வளையம் மாட்டி, கயிறு கட்டினால்தான் வழிக்கு வரும்னு ஆஸ்பத்திரிக்கு அனுப்பிச்சேன். அங்கே துளை போட்டதும், ரத்தம் கொட்டி செத்துடுத்து. அதை மிருகக் காட்சி சாலைக்குக் கொடுக்கணும்னு நினைச்சுக்கிட்டிருந்தேன்... என்ன செய்யறது? இதோ பார்த்தீங்களா, மான் குட்டிங்க. அறந்தாங்கி தோழர்கள் அன்புடன் கொடுத்தாங்க'' என்று அருகிலிருந்த மான்களைச் சுட்டிக் காட்டினார். அந்தக் குட்டிகளும் ஒரு துள்ளுத் துள்ளி எழுந்து, கண்களை உருட்டிப் பார்த்தன!

ஏழரை ஏகரா பரப்புள்ள அந்தத் தோட்டத்தில் வாழை மரங்களையும் மாமரங்களையும் தவிர, காய்கறிகளும் பயிரிடப்படுகின்றன. நெல் விளைச்சலும் உண்டு. மத்தியில் ஒரு நீச்சல் குளம் இருக்கிறது. படம் போட்டுப் பார்க்க ஒரு சிறு தியேட்டரும் இருக்கிறது. தேகப் பயிற்சி செய்வதற்காக ஓர் இடம் ஒதுக்கப்பட்டிருக்கிறது.

''அண்ணாச்சிக்கு எடை அதிகமாயிடுச்சுன்னா இங்கேதான் எக்ஸர்ஸைஸ் செய்வார்'' என்று, உடன் வந்த பழைய நடிகர் திருப்பதிசாமி விளக்கம் கொடுத்தார்.

அந்தத் தோட்டத்தினுள் இருக்கும் அழகான பங்களாவுக்குத் தாயின் நினைவாக 'அன்னை நிலையம்' என்று பெயரிட்டிருக்கிறார் எம்.ஜி.ஆர். அதற்குக் கிழக்கே ஒரு மண்டபம் தென்பட்டது.

''அது என்ன மண்டபம்?'' என்று கேட்டேன் நான்.

''அதுதான் கோயில்?''

''என்ன கோயில்?''

''என் தாயாருடைய கோயில். அங்கே என் அன்னையின் படம் தான் இருக்கிறது. அவர்தான் நான் வணங்கும் கடவுள்.''

= 2 - 8 - 1964 , ஆனந்த விகடன் இதழில் .

ராச ராச சோழன் சமாதி

உலகிலேய மிகபெரிய யானைப் படையை கட்டி ஆண்ட சோழ மன்னன் , தென்னிந்தியா முழுவதும் , தெற்காசியா வரை வேர் பரப்பி தன் மகன் வெற்றி கொடி நாட்ட வழிவகுத்த மாமன்னன் ராச ராச சோழன்,
1000 வருடமாக கம்பீரமாக நிற்கும் பெரியகோவிலை கட்டிய மன்னன்,உலகின் முதல் கப்பல் படையை நிறுவிய மன்னன், இன்னும் அடுக்கிகொண்டே போகலாம் இவருடைய புகழை, இப்படிப்பட்ட மாமன்னன் சமாதியை பாருங்கள்.

தமிழனுக்கு உலக அளவில் அடையாளம் கொடுத்த பேரரசனுக்கு நாம் கொடுக்கும் மரியாதை இது தானா ?
ஒரு வயதான ஏழை விவசாயி தன் வீட்டின் கொல்லைபுறம் இருக்கும் சமாதியை தினமும் மலர் சூட்டி மரியாதை செய்து வருகிறார்!!!!!

Document Management System (DMS)

Document management is one of the oldest of the content management disciplines - and was essentially born out of the need to manage ever-growing amounts of information being created within organisations. In a world where only hardcopy information existed - there was always a physical limit to the amount of information that could be stored and retrieved. It could be argued that Microsoft with the introduction of MS-Office and MS-Windows released users from this physical limit - and with the exponential increase in information that has resulted, document management software has become an intrinsic part of most organisations as they seek to manage the vast quantities of data they hold.

Defining a Document Management System (DMS)

At the simplest level - all users who have a PC who set up folders into which they store word docs, PDFs, PowerPoint presentations, Excel spreadsheets etc are effectively generating a basic document folder structure to allow them to easily store, retrieve and expire document content. The difference between this type of document management and that provided by DMS vendors is effectively the scale of what is being managed. Document management systems are designed from the ground up to assist entire organisations seeking to manage the creation, storage, retrieval and expiry of information stored as documents. Unlike a file structure on your PC, a DMS revolves around a centralised repository that is used to manage the storage of any type of information that could be of value to an organisation - and protect the same against loss.

As content stored within a DMS is typically self contained (id est it cannot be assumed that it has any relationship with any other stored information), a well-designed document management system promotes finding and sharing information easily. It does this via sophisticated search tools - and the adding of classification schemes or taxonomies to the document information being stored.

There are many different levels of document management software available on the market - but 'best of breed' document management systems will have the following features:
• focused on managing documents, though they are often capable of managing other 'electronic information' such as images, movie files etc.
• each unit of information (document) is self-contained
• there are few (if any) links between documents (they may be associated by 'grouping' the items using a classification scheme or taxonomy)
• focused primarily on storage and archiving and document life-cycle management including document expiry
• includes powerful workflow for incorporating business processes into the management of the documents.
• targeted at storing and presenting documents in their native format (not limited to MS-Office products but including many different information types)
• document access may be restricted at a folder or document level - and other security models may be applied
• limited ability to create web pages (suitable for intranets but not internets) typically produces one page for each document                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  DMS benefits break down into two main types;

  Tangible and Intangible.

  Tangible benefits are those things that can be measured in the sense that the benefit can be quantified.

  Intangible benefits are things that its going to be hard to measure and attribute to the use of a DMS, but are nevertheless known benefits that occur indirectly through the implementation of a DMS.

  Tangible benefits would include the following;

  Reduced Storage

  The cost of commercial property and the need to store documentation for e.g. retrieval, regulatory compliance means that paper based document storage competes with people for space within an organisation. Scanning documents and integrating them into a document management system can greatly reduce the amount of prime storage space required by paper. It also allows any documents that still have to be stored as paper to be stored in less expensive locations.
  

  Flexible Retrieval

  Retrieving documents stored as hard copies, or on microfilm absorbs time. A DMS increases creates electronic images of documents and stores them centrally. Less time is spent locating the documents as they can be retrieved without leaving a desk. DMS users can also access other systems available from the desktop at the same time as retrieving documents. With paper-based solutions documents are often removed from storage and taken back to the desk to access other systems (which can lead to loss, prevents others finding the same file, can be viewed by others).
  

  Flexible Indexing

  Indexing paper and microfilm in more than one way can be done, but it is awkward, costly and time-consuming. Images of documents stored within a DMS can be indexed in several different ways simultaneously
  

  Improved, faster and more flexible search

  Document Management Systems can retrieve files by any word or phrase in the document - known as full text search - a capability that is impossible with paper or microfilm. A DMS can also apply single or multiple taxonomies or categorisations to a document of folder that allow documents to be classified and stored in more than one way from a �single instance� � something which is not possible with paper or microfilm.
  

  Controlled and Improved Document distribution

  Imaging makes it easy to share documents electronically with colleagues and clients over a network, by email or via the Web in a controlled manner. Paper documents usually require photocopying to be shared, and microfilm requires conversion to paper. This provides a cost saving by reducing the overheads associated with paper based document distribution, such as printing and postage and removes the typical delay associated with providing hard copy information.
  

  Improved Security

  A DMS can provide better, more flexible control over sensitive documents. Many DMS solutions allow access to documents to be controlled at the folder and/or document level for different groups and individuals. Paper documents stored in a traditional filing cabinet or filing room have the same level of security i.e. if you have access to the cabinet you have access to all items in it. A DMS also provides an audit trail of who viewed an item, when � or who modified an item and when, which is difficult to maintain with paper or microfilm based systems. A DMS also removes the possibility of having confidential material or trade secrets lying around unattended in an office.
  

  Disaster Recovery

  A DMS provides an easy way to back-up documents for offsite storage and disaster recovery providing failsafe archives and an effective disaster recovery strategy. Paper is a bulky and expensive way to back-up records and is vulnerable to fire, flood, vandalism, theft and other 'Acts of God'
  

  No Lost Files

  Lost documents can be expensive and time-consuming to replace. Within a DMS, imaged documents remain centrally stored when being viewed, so none are lost or misplaced. New documents are less likely to be incorrectly filed and even if incorrectly stored can be quickly and easily found and moved via the full-text searching mechanisms
  

  Digital Archiving

  Keeping archival versions of documents in a document management system helps protect paper documents, that still have to be retained, from over-handling and keeps electronic documents in a non-proprietary and native format, such as Microsoft Word or Excel
  

  Improved Regulatory Compliance

  The risk of non conformance leading to fines, a withdrawn licence to operate, or in certain circumstances custodial sentences when an audit takes place is reduced and in most cases removed. A combination of security control, audit trails, archiving and disaster recover ensure that an organisation is able to authenticate the validity of information stored and demonstrate compliance with regulations and requirements.
  

  Improved Cash Flow

  The increased productivity of processing document-based processes such as invoices, debt collection and other "cash critical" business documents, ensures that the flow of cash can be controlled centrally and all documentation required to make cash flow decisions can be accessed immediately.

  
  

  Other less 'tangible' benefits of a DMS might include;

  Improved Internal Operations

  The reduced time to complete processes provided by the tangible benefits, improves the day to day operations of all functions within an organisation, leading to an improved flow of information, an increased perception of staff in their ability to solve questions and tasks and a general 'feel good' factor.
  

  Competitive Edge

  The same information that was previously stored as paper or microfilm, can now be distributed to customers and target audiences electronically. The 'reduced time-to-market' effect can be for products, services, support - all of which improves the impression the external recipient has of the organisation and provides a competitive edge over your competitors (or it removes a competitive disadvantage if they have already deployed a DMS).

  

  Improved customer service and satisfaction

  Reduced response times, a more professional response, a more accurate response with more controlled processes reduces the time spent on 'manually' ensuring customer satisfaction and allows staff to allocate resource to other core business activities.
  

  Preserve Intellectual Capital - Organizational Knowledge

  New or changed documentation can be 'pushed' to employees and no longer relies on 'hallway conversations' or 'round robin' emails. The locality of information is not locked away in the 'heads' of specific individuals and can be easily shared across departments and physical locations increasing the value of that information to the organisation.
  

Kepler 37-b: tiniest planet spotted

The University of Sydney

The detection of exoplanet Kepler-37b demonstrates that sun-like stars in our galaxy are able of hosting much smaller planets than anything seen before in our solar system. Image: NASA/Ames /JPL-Caltech/ The detection of a tiny planet has shown for the first time that stars in our galaxy are able to host much smaller planets than anything seen in our own solar system. The existence of the planet, Kepler-37b, the innermost of three planets that orbit the sun-like host star, Kepler-37, is announced in the journal Nature. The University of Sydney's Professor Tim Bedding, Head of the School of Physics, and Dr Dennis Stello, an Australian Research Fellow in the School, contributed to the discovery effort of an international team. "That we have found one of these small and hard-to-detect planets suggests that they are abundant around other stars and lends weight to the belief that as planet size decreases their occurrence increases exponentially," said Dr Stello. Kepler-37b is an exoplanet, or planet located outside the solar system, and is estimated to be a similar size to Earth's moon, which is only 3475 kilometres in diameter. Owing to this extremely small size and its highly irradiated surface, Kepler-37b is believed to be a rocky planet with no atmosphere or water, similar to Mercury. The Kepler spacecraft made the Kepler-37b finding possible. The spacecraft was launched in 2009 with the goal of determining how often rocky planets occur in the habitable zone around sun-like host stars in our galaxy. Over 150,000 stars are continuously monitored for transits of planetary bodies. Over the course of 978 days of observations by the Kepler spacecraft, transit signals of three planets of the star Kepler-37, a slightly cooler and older star than our sun, were identified. "While theoretically such small planets are expected, detection of tiny planet Kepler-37b is remarkable given its transit signal is detectable on less than 0.5 percent of stars observed by Kepler," Professor Bedding said. "Since the discovery of the first exoplanet we have known that other planetary systems can look quite unlike our own, but it is only now, thanks to the precision of the Kepler space telescope that we have been able to find planets smaller than the ones we see in our own solar system." Professor Bedding and Dr Stello contributed to the analysis of Kepler-37, the star Kepler-37b orbits. "We analysed the frequencies of standing sound waves inside the star to tell its size in the same way that you could tell the difference in size of a violin and cello by the difference in the pitch of the sound they produce," said Dr Stello. This asteroseismic analysis showed that the radius of Kepler-37 is about 20 percent smaller than the sun. "Knowing this stellar radius is very important because the accuracy with which we can measure the radius of the planet Kepler-37b is limited by how accurately we can calculate the radius of Kepler-37," said Dr Stello. "Our work from here is to keep working with the planet team at NASA to make seismic analyses of planet-hosting stars, and there are some exciting results in the pipeline," said Dr Stello. Editor's Note: Original news release can be found here.

Jai Sri Shirdi Nadha Song - Sri Shirdi Sai Baba Mahathyam Movie Songs - ...

MICHAEL O'TOOLE PAINTINGS

MICHAEL O'TOOLE, S.F.C.A.,. is a native of British Columbia, born in 1963. He studied architectural design at a technical institute, then worked with firms in that field. In 1991, he won a prize for "Best Home Design." Later, painting became Michael's all-consuming passion. As an artist he paints mainly impressionistic acrylics with landscape, seascape and architecture as his chief subjects.