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Showing posts with label Good to Read. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Good to Read. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 13, 2024

பொருள் முதல்வாத மனநோயியல்


மனநோய் மருத்துவர் ஜி. டி க்ளரம்பவுல் முன் வைத்த பிரபலமான கருதுகோள் மிகவும் ஆழமானது: உலக நிலையாக, ஓர் அமைப்பாக இருக்கும் பிதற்றல் நிலை, ஓர் இரண்டாம் நிலை குணம்; பகுதியான, அந்தந்த வட்டாரம் சார்ந்த தானியங்கும் குணத்தின் விளைவு ஆகும். விரும்பும்-எந்திரங்களின் உற்பத்தியின் செயல்முறை கொண்ட பதிவின் குணம்தான் பிதற்ற நிலை என்பது உண்மை;
ஐயுறவு மன நோயிலும், மனச் சிதைவு நோயின் ஐயுறவு மனநோய் வடிவங்களிலும் இருப்பது போல், இந்தப் பதிவு செயல்முறையின் தனி அம்சங்களான, ஒருங்கிணைப்புகளும் ஒழுங்கின்மைகளும் (பாசங்கள்) இருந்தாலும், ஒரு தனிப்பட்ட வெளியை அது உருவாக்குவதில்லை. ஏனெனில் அது, விரும்பும்-எந்திரங்களின் இயக்கம் மற்றும் முடக்கத்தைச் சார்ந்திருக்கிறது.
எப்படியாயினும், பச்சிளங் குழந்தைகள் எழுப்பும் ஒலிகள், பல்வேறு விதமான சப்தங்களைச் செய்தல், அல்லது திடீரென்ற காரணமற்ற வெடிப்புகள் போன்ற பொருளற்ற குணங்களைக் குறிப்பிட க்ளரம்பவுல், '(மன ரீதியான) தானியங்கித்தன்மை' என்ற சொல்லைப் பயன்படுத்துகிறார். கிருமித் தாக்குதல் அல்லது விஷத்தன்மை ஆகியவற்றின் எந்திரத்தனமான விளைவுகள் இவை என்று அவர் கூறுகிறார்.
மேலும், பிதற்றல் நிலையின் பெரும்பகுதி, தானியங்கித்தன்மையின் விளைவு என்று அவர் விளக்கினார்; அவருடைய பார்வையில், மிச்சப் பகுதியான, 'தனிப்பட்ட பகுதி' என்பது, எதிர்வினையின் ஓர் இயல்பு, 'குணத்தை' அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்டது. குணத்தின் வெளிப்பாடுகள் தானியங்கித்தன்மைக்கு (உதாரணமாக, ஐயுறவு மனநோய் மனிதனுள் இருப்பது போல்) முன் இருப்பவை ஆகும். எனவே, தானியங்கித்தன்மை என்பது விரும்பும்-எந்திரங்களைச் சார்ந்த பொருளாதார உற்பத்தியின் செயல்முறையாக அல்லாமல், நரம்பியல் இயக்கம் எனும் சொல்லின் சாதாரணமாகப் பொருள் கொடுக்கும் அம்சம் போல்தான் க்ளரம்பவுல் கருதுகிறார்.
வரலாற்றைப் பொறுத்தவரை, அதனுடைய உள்ளார்ந்த அல்லது பீடிக்கப்பட்ட இயல்பைக் குறிப்பிடுவதில் அவர் திருப்தி அடைந்துவிடுகிறார். க்ளரம்பவுல், உளவியலின் ஃபாயர்பாஹ் என்று சொல்லிவிடலாம். ஃபாயர்பாஹ்வை மார்க்ஸ் குறிப்பிடுவதைப் போல் அதைச் சொல்ல வேண்டும். 'பொருள்களை ஒரு பொருள்முதல்வாதியாக ஃபாயார்பாஹ் நோக்கும்போது, அவருடைய படைப்புகளில் வரலாறு இல்லாமல் போய்விடுகிறது. அவர் வரலாற்றை கையில் எடுத்துக்கொள்ளும்போது அவர் ஒரு பொருள்முதல்வாதியாக இல்லாமல் போய்விடுகிறார்,' என்று மார்க்ஸ் குறிப்பிடுகிறார்.
மாறாக, ஓர் உண்மையான பொருள்முதல்வாத மனநோயியலை இரட்டை இலக்குகளை வைத்துக்கொண்டிருப்பதால் இப்படி வரையறுக்கலாம்: இயக்கத்தில் விருப்பத்தை அறிமுகம் செய்வது, விருப்பத்தில் உற்பத்தியை அறிமுகம் செய்வது.
இடிபஸுக்கு எதிராக-முதலாளித்துவமும் மனப்பிறழ்வும் -டெல்யூஜ் & கத்தாரி (மொழிபெயர்ப்பு: முபீன் சாதிகா & நிஜந்தன்)

Thursday, December 28, 2023

Building muscle after the age of 60

Building muscle after the age of 60 is absolutely possible, and it's important for maintaining overall health and functionality. However, it's crucial to approach muscle building with some considerations for age-related factors. Here are some guidelines to help you build muscle safely and effectively:

 

Consult with a Healthcare Professional:

Before starting any new fitness program, especially if you're over 60, it's essential to consult with your doctor or a healthcare professional. They can provide insights into your current health status and any potential limitations or precautions you should take.

 

Start Slowly:

If you're new to exercise or returning after a long break, start with low-intensity activities and gradually increase the intensity. This allows your body to adapt and reduces the risk of injury.

 

Resistance Training:

Include resistance training in your workout routine. This can involve using weights, resistance bands, or your body weight. Focus on compound exercises that work multiple muscle groups, such as squats, lunges, and bench presses.

 

Progressive Overload:

To build muscle, you need to gradually increase the intensity of your workouts. This can be achieved by increasing the weight you lift, the number of repetitions, or the sets. This concept is known as progressive overload.

 

Include Cardiovascular Exercise:

While resistance training is crucial for building muscle, cardiovascular exercise is essential for overall health. Include activities like walking, cycling, or swimming to improve cardiovascular fitness.

 

Prioritize Recovery:

As you age, recovery becomes even more critical. Ensure you get enough sleep, manage stress, and allow your muscles to recover between workouts. Listen to your body and adjust your exercise routine as needed.

 

Balanced Nutrition:

A balanced diet that includes an adequate amount of protein is essential for muscle building. Protein is crucial for repairing and building muscle tissue. Also, ensure you're getting enough vitamins and minerals through a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

 

Stay Hydrated:

Proper hydration is important for overall health and can aid in recovery. Drink enough water throughout the day, especially before and after your workouts.

 

Consider Flexibility and Mobility Training:

Include activities that enhance flexibility and mobility in your routine. This can help prevent injuries and improve overall functional fitness.

 

Consistency is Key:

Building muscle takes time, so be patient and stay consistent with your exercise routine. Aim for a mix of strength training, cardiovascular exercise, and flexibility work throughout the week.

 

Remember that individual needs and abilities vary, so it's crucial to tailor your exercise program to your specific circumstances. If possible, consider working with a certified fitness professional who has experience working with older adults. They can provide personalized guidance and ensure that your workout plan is safe and effective for you.

  

Monday, December 11, 2023

Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD)

 Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) refers to the holistic support and nurturing of children during their early years, typically from birth to around eight years old. This period is crucial for a child's physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development. ECCD programs and initiatives aim to provide a supportive environment that fosters optimal growth and prepares children for later stages of life, including formal education.

Key components of Early Childhood Care and Development include:

  1. Health and Nutrition: Ensuring that children receive adequate healthcare, nutrition, and medical attention to support their physical development.

  2. Early Learning and Education: Providing opportunities for early learning through age-appropriate activities, play, and informal educational experiences that stimulate cognitive development.

  1. Social and Emotional Support: Focusing on the emotional well-being of children, promoting positive relationships with caregivers and peers, and helping them develop social skills.

  2. Safety and Protection: Creating a safe and secure environment that protects children from harm, abuse, and neglect.

  3. Parental and Community Involvement: Encouraging active participation of parents, caregivers, and the community in the child's development, as they play a crucial role in shaping a child's early experiences.

  4. Cultural Sensitivity and Inclusivity: Recognizing and respecting diverse cultural backgrounds and ensuring that ECCD programs are inclusive and equitable for all children.

  5. Monitoring and Evaluation: Regularly assessing and monitoring a child's development to identify any potential issues early on and provide appropriate interventions.

ECCD programs can take various forms, including preschools, early childhood education centers, home-based interventions, and community-based initiatives. Governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and community groups often collaborate to implement ECCD initiatives, recognizing the importance of investing in the early years to set a strong foundation for a child's lifelong development.


Developing a policy on Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD)

Developing a policy on Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) involves a comprehensive and collaborative process that takes into account the needs of children, families, and communities. Here are steps you can consider when creating an ECCD policy:

  1. Needs Assessment:

    • Conduct a thorough assessment of the current state of early childhood care and development in your region or community.
    • Identify existing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges related to ECCD.
    • Stakeholder Engagement:
    • Involve key stakeholders, including parents, educators, healthcare professionals, community leaders, and representatives from relevant government agencies.
    • Hold consultations, workshops, and meetings to gather input and perspectives.
  2. Research and Best Practices:

    • Review existing research, literature, and best practices in ECCD from both national and international contexts.
    • Consider evidence-based approaches that have proven effective in promoting positive outcomes for children.
  3. Set Clear Goals and Objectives:

    • Clearly articulate the goals and objectives of the ECCD policy. These should align with the developmental needs of children and the broader goals of the community or nation.
  4. Legal and Regulatory Framework:

    • Establish a legal and regulatory framework that outlines the responsibilities of various stakeholders and ensures compliance with standards for quality ECCD services.
  5. Inclusive Approach:

    • Ensure that the policy is inclusive and addresses the needs of diverse populations, taking into account cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic factors.
  6. Resource Allocation:

    • Determine the financial and human resources required to implement the ECCD policy effectively.
    • Explore funding sources, including government budgets, grants, and partnerships with NGOs or international organizations.
  7. Curriculum and Training:

    • Develop age-appropriate curriculum guidelines for ECCD programs.
    • Implement training programs for educators and caregivers to enhance their skills in providing quality early childhood care and education.
  8. Monitoring and Evaluation:

    • Establish mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the ECCD policy.
    • Define key performance indicators and assessment tools to measure the impact on children's development.
  9. Communication and Advocacy:

    • Develop a communication strategy to raise awareness about the ECCD policy among the public, stakeholders, and policymakers.
    • Advocate for the importance of ECCD in fostering a strong foundation for lifelong learning.
  10. Pilot Programs and Phased Implementation:

    • Consider piloting specific aspects of the policy before full-scale implementation.
    • Roll out the policy in phases, allowing for adjustments based on feedback and evaluation.
  11. Continuous Review and Updating:

    • Regularly review and update the ECCD policy to ensure it remains relevant and responsive to changing needs and circumstances.

In the process of creating an ECCD policy, collaboration and consultation with all relevant stakeholders are essential to ensure that the policy reflects the diverse needs and realities of the community it serves.

சுந்தர ராமசாமி

"இந்தப் பதினைந்து வருடங்களில் என்ன சாதித்தேன் என இப்போதெல்லாம் அடிக்கடி என்னையே கேட்டுக்கொள்கிறேன். இந்தக் கேள்வி பிறந்த மாத்திரத்தில் சோர்வு தட்டுகிறது. எழுதாமல் வீணாகிப்போன காலங்களின் சுமை நெஞ்சை அழுத்துகிறது. ‘நாளையிலிருந்து அதி தீவிர எழுத்து வேலை ஆரம்பமாகிறது"
சுந்தர ராமசாமி

(மே 30, 1931 - அக்டோபர் 14, ) நவீனத் தமிழ் இலக்கியத்தின் மிகச் சிறந்த எழுத்தாளர்களுள் ஒருவர். இவர் ஒரு நாவலாசிரியர், சிறுகதை எழுத்தாளர், கவிஞர் எனப் பல இலக்கியவினங்களில் ஆளுமை பெற்றிருந்தார். பசுவய்யா என்ற புனைப்பெயரில் கவிதைகள் எழுதியவர். நவீனத் தமிழ் இலக்கியத்தில், தமிழ் மொழியினை பல்வேறு தளங்களுக்குக் கொண்டு சென்றார். மார்க்சியக் கண்ணோட்டத்தில் தொடங்கிய இவர் எழுத்துக்கள் (தண்ணீர், பொறுக்கி வர்க்கம்) இறுதியாக பட்டறிவுத் திறனாய்வு சார்ந்த உய்யநிலை நடப்பியல் (Empiricist Critical Realism) நோக்கில் (ஜகதி) கால்கொண்டன எனலாம். இடைபட்ட காலத்தில் புத்தியலின் (Modernism) பலவெளிகளை படைத்தாலும் அவ்வப்போது வியன்புனைவிலும் (இருக்கைகள் போன்றன) திளைத்துள்ளார்.

இவர், நாகர்கோவில் அருகே உள்ளே தழுவிய மகாதேவர் கோவில் என்ற கிராமத்தில் பிறந்தார்.[2] தன் இளைய பருவத்தில்,தொ.மு.சி.ரகுநாதனிடம் மிகுந்த ஈடுபாடு கொண்டிருந்தார். தொ.மு.சி-யினால் மார்க்ஸிய தத்துவங்களிலும் ஈர்க்கப்பட்டவராகவும் இருந்தார். பிறகு தொ.மு.சி ஆசிரியராக இருந்த சாந்தி என்ற இதழில் எழுதத் தொடங்கினார்.1953 ஆம் ஆண்டு ’சாந்தி’ பத்திரிக்கையில் இவர் எழுதிய ’தண்ணீர்’ கதைக்கு முதல் பரிசு கிடைத்தது.

Thursday, November 9, 2023

Deceitful Ways Women LIE ABOUT CHEATING

It's essential to approach topics like this with sensitivity and avoid making sweeping generalisations. Not all women lie about cheating, and such assumptions can perpetuate harmful stereotypes. Trust is a crucial aspect of any relationship, and if there are concerns or doubts, open communication is key.

However, some common deceitful ways that women lie about cheating include:

  • Gaslighting: Gaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation in which the abuser attempts to make the victim question their own sanity or perception of reality. In the context of cheating, a woman might gaslight her partner by denying that she cheated, even when there is evidence to the contrary. She might also try to convince her partner that they are imagining things or being too paranoid.
  • Trivializing the affair: A woman might try to minimise the significance of the affair by telling her partner that it was just a one-time thing or that it didn't mean anything. She might also try to make her partner feel guilty for being upset, telling them they are being overdramatic or not trusting her.
  • Blaming the partner: A woman might try to blame her partner for the affair, saying that they were not meeting her needs or that they were emotionally unavailable. She might also try to make her partner feel sorry for her, telling them that she cheated because she was lonely or unhappy in the relationship.
  • Lying about their whereabouts: A woman might lie about where she was or who she was with to cover up the affair. She might also create fake alibis or make up elaborate stories to explain her absences.
  • Lying about her feelings: To maintain the affair, a woman might lie about her feelings for her partner. She might tell her partner that she loves them and wants to be with them, even though she plans to leave them. She might also lie about her feelings for the other person, telling her partner she doesn't care about them or is only using them.

It is important to note that these are just a few examples of the ways in which women might lie about cheating. Every situation is different, and there is no one-size-fits-all answer.

It's essential to remember that dishonesty and infidelity can occur in any relationship, regardless of gender. Rather than focusing on gender-specific behaviours, fostering trust, honesty, and open communication in relationships is more productive. If there are concerns about infidelity, it's best to address them directly with your partner in a respectful and understanding manner. Accusations without evidence or communication can lead to misunderstandings and damage the relationship further.

Monday, October 23, 2023

Boosting growth hormone (GH) as people age

Boosting growth hormone (GH) as people age can have various potential benefits, such as maintaining muscle mass, reducing fat, and supporting overall health. While natural GH production decreases with age, there are several strategies you can consider to help optimize its levels. It's important to note that these strategies may not lead to the same results as pharmaceutical GH replacement therapy, and you should always consult a healthcare professional before making significant changes to your lifestyle or considering GH supplementation. Here are some natural ways to support GH production:

  1. Get Enough Sleep:
    Adequate sleep is essential for stimulating GH secretion. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. Deep sleep stages, particularly during the first few hours of sleep, are when GH production is at its peak.

  2. Manage Stress:
    Chronic stress can increase cortisol levels, which can inhibit GH production. Practice stress-reduction techniques like meditation, yoga, or mindfulness to lower stress levels.

  3. Exercise Regularly:
    Engage in both cardiovascular and resistance training exercises. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and strength training can stimulate GH production. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week.

  4. Maintain a Healthy Diet:
    A well-balanced diet with adequate protein, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates is crucial. Include foods rich in amino acids, such as arginine and ornithine, which can support GH production. Some examples include lean meats, fish, nuts, and legumes.

  5. Intermittent Fasting:
    Some studies suggest that intermittent fasting can increase GH levels. Fasting for 14-16 hours each day may help promote GH release. However, consult a healthcare professional before starting any fasting regimen.

  6. Avoid Excessive Sugar and Insulin Spikes:
    High sugar intake can lead to insulin resistance, which may inhibit GH secretion. Limit your consumption of sugary foods and beverages, and choose complex carbohydrates instead.

  7. Optimize Your Nutrition:
    Make sure you're getting essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, zinc, magnesium, and B vitamins, as they play a role in GH production. Consult with a healthcare professional or nutritionist if you're concerned about deficiencies.

  8. Reduce Alcohol and Caffeine:
    Excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption can negatively impact sleep quality and hormone regulation. Limit these substances, especially in the hours leading up to bedtime.

  9. Maintain a Healthy Body Weight:
    Obesity can impair GH secretion. Managing your weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can help optimize GH levels.

  10. Consider Supplements:
    Some supplements like arginine, ornithine, glutamine, and GABA are believed to support GH release. However, their effectiveness can vary, and it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before using any supplements.

Remember that the effects of these lifestyle changes on GH levels can vary from person to person, and the results may be modest. Consult with a healthcare provider, such as an endocrinologist, before considering GH supplementation or any significant changes to your routine, as there may be risks associated with altering your hormone levels. They can provide personalized guidance based on your specific needs and health conditions.